Abstract: Biobased cross-linked compositions, methods of fabrication and structures, in particular biobased printed wiring boards using the compositions and methods of making the structures are described. Biobased materials such as lignin, crop oils, wood resins, tannins, and polysaccharides and combinations thereof are cross-linked, preferably using heat, a cross-linking agent, and an initiator. The materials fabricated have suitable properties for printed wiring boards which are made by impregnating a fiberglass or biobased cloth with an admixture of the biobased material, cross-linking agent and initiator which is processed by conventional methods to produce a printed wiring board.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method of densifying lignocellulosic material such as wood. The wood is impregnated with a maltodextrin solution under vacuum and/or pressure and the maltodextrin is then cross linked to insolubilise the maltodextrin. A wood-polymer composite is formed. Suitable cross linking agents include compounds having at least one hydroxyl group. Maltodextrins having a dextrose equivalent in the range 15 to 30 are preferred. The resulting composite material has improved appearance, hardness, impact resistance, strength and water repellency.

Abstract: This invention refers to a wood substitute with lignocellulosic and mineral material particles which are molded in sheet, e.g. plates and/or panels in different thicknesses or forms in stencil at choice, using in principal natural and artificial, and vegetal cellulosic material components, e.g. dried leaves, sawdust, rotten wood particles splinters, paperwastes, roots and mineral materials as limestone from sulphates type carbonates or calcium oxides, with synthetic binders from different chemical structures, with or without dyes, in these proportions: 35-60 by weight lignocellulosic components particles, 5-35 by weight limestone types, 5-30 by weight synthetic binders from different harmless chemical structures, with or without synthetic dyes from varied chemical structures and with or without requested additions.

Abstract: A method for controlling the permeability of a petroleum-bearing subterranean formation including the steps of producing from biomass, a water-insoluble viscous biomass oil, and injecting the biomass oil into the petroleum bearing formation to decrease the permeability of at least some of the formation for altering flow paths through the formation to increase petroleum yield.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing water-soluble resin and a resin product made by that method, the method including the steps of supplying a volume of an acidic pyrolysis oil, raising the pH of the oil above 7.0 to partially polymerize the oil, and heating the partially polymerized oil to encourage further polymerization to form the resin product.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquified fiber-phenol-formaldehyde resin includes heating a mixture of phenol, formaldehyde, liquified cellulosic fiber and alkali at a temperature of 60.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. and a pH of 8-13. The liquified cellulosic fiber comprises about 5 to about 80 percent of the total weight of phenol, formaldehyde and liquified fiber. Also disclosed are fibrous articles manufactured using this resin as a binder, such as fiberboards, particle board, plywood, oriented strand board, and waferboard.

Abstract: Disclosed in accordance with the invention is a method for fiberboard manufacture comprising the steps of steaming and grinding woodchips to obtain a wood pulp, using said wood pulp to prepare a slurry of wood pulp in water, mixing said slurry with a binder, a cure catalyst for the binder, a water-repellent additive, peat, and carbamide to obtain a mixture, casting said mixture and dewatering said mixture to obtain a mat, and compacting said mat to obtain fiberboard which is subjected to heat treatment, in which method the peat used has a moisture content of between 25 and 70 percent and the peat content in said mixture is between 2.5 and 50 percent by mass, with the ratio of absolutely dry peat to said binder equal to between 1.0-7:1.0, respectively, while the carbamide content in said mixture is between 0.2 and 2.0 percent by mass, with the ratio of said carbamide to said binder equal to between 0.02-1:1, respectively.

Abstract: A modified phenol-formaldehyde binding resin is particularly useful in the formation of man-made boards including bonded fibers, fibrous particles, and a plurality of uniformly, or randomly shaped pieces, masses or sheets bonded together with the modified phenol-formaldehyde binding resin. The resin binder is especially adapted to bonding wood fibers and particles, comprising the condensation product of a phenol, formaldehyde and a water-soluble carbohydrate-phenol complex from steam digestion of wood chips, and the production thereof. Various objects can be manufactured using these resins, such as particle objects and objects or sheet materials made by bonding together a plurality of uniformly or randomly shaped masses, for example, fiberboards such as hardboard and insulation board; particle board; plywood; oriented strand board; and waferboard.

Abstract: A method is described for making adhesive from biomass. A liquefaction oil is prepared from lignin-bearing plant material and a phenolic fraction is extracted therefrom. The phenolic fraction is reacted with formaldehyde to yield a phenol-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: Tree foliage extracts, their extraction processes, and the use of such extracts in formulating resins suitable for use in plywood adhesives and as wood bonding agents.

Abstract: This application discloses a phenol-formaldehyde binding resin formed from phenol and formaldehyde in mole ratio of one mole of phenol to 2 to 3 moles of formaldehyde, the resin being modified by replacing from 5% to 50% of the phenol by an equivalent amount of a concentrated aqueous complex of phenolic and carbohydrate components from the process water from the steam digestion of wood chips without chemical addition, said resin being formed by heating said mixture of phenol, formaldehyde and aqueous complex with aqueous alkali to a temperature not exceeding about 100.degree. C. until a resin having a Brookfield viscosity of at least 35 centipoises is produced, all weights being determined on a dry basis; and a method of producing said resin by reacting a concentrated aqueous extract obtained from the steam digestion of wood chips with phenol and formaldehyde under alkaline conditions at a temperature not exceeding about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Alkali metal aldehyde lignin-cellulose silicate polymers are reacted chemically with an epihalohydrin compound to produce a polyepoxy silicate resin; the polyepoxy silicate resin may be cured by a catalyst, e.g., an amine or Lewis acid, to produce a cured epoxy resin, solid or cellular solid product which may be used as an adhesive, as construction sheets, etc.

Abstract: An alkali metal broken-down plant silicate polymer is reacted with a Lewis acid and an epoxide compound to produce a polyhydroxy lignin-cellulose polymer which may be reacted with polyisocyanates to produce polyurethane silicate foam and be used for insulation.

Abstract: Polyester resins are produced by chemically reacting a broken-down alkali metal lignin-cellulose polymer, a substituted organic hydroxy compound and a polycarboxylic acid compound and/or a polycarboxylic acid anhydride. Polyester resins may be used as molding powder, as coating agents and to produce polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Alkali metal aldehyde lignin-cellulose silicate polymers are reacted chemically with an epihalohydrin compound to produce a polyepoxy silicate resin; the polyepoxy silicate resin may be cured by a catalyst, e.g., an amine or Lewis acid, to produce a cured epoxy resin, solid or cellular solid product which may be used as an adhesive, as construction sheets, etc.

Abstract: Alkali metal aldehyde lignin-cellulose silicate polymers are reacted chemically with an epihalohydrin compound to produce a polyepoxy silicate resin; the polyepoxy silicate resin may be cured by a catalyst, e.g., an amine or Lewis acid, to produce a cured epoxy resin, solid or cellular solid product which may be used as an adhesive, as construction sheets, etc.

Abstract: Polyester resins are produced by chemically reacting a broken-down alkali metal lignin-cellulose polymer, a substituted organic hydroxy compound and a polycarboxylic acid compound and/or a polycarboxylic acid anhydride. Polyester resins may be used as molding powder, as coating agents and to produce polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Polyester resins are produced by chemically reacting a broken-down alkali metal lignin-cellulose polymer, a substituted organic hydroxy compound and a polycarboxylic acid compound and/or a polycarboxylic acid anhydride. Polyester resins may be used as molding powder, as coating agents and to produce polyurethane foams.