Abstract: A system, method and device are disclosed for bio-processing a feed stream and providing a constant output by operating a continuous single-pass tangential-flow process. The single-pass process provides high conversion concentration while operating at relatively low feed flow rates, and the process can also be used to provide constant output diafiltration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermo-shrinkable polyester film in which shrinkage uniformity is ensured in a shrinking process thus realizing superior quality of the outer appearance without causing a poorly printed state, reducing the production cost of the shrinking process and improving the productivity.

Abstract: A fiber sizing agent is described, which is capable of imparting sufficient sizing properties and fiber spreading properties to reinforced fiber bundles for producing fiber-reinforced composite materials. A fiber sizing agent composition (E) includes a sizing agent (A) having a viscosity of 50 to 3,000 Pa·s at 35° C., and has a thixotropic index of 3 to 15. The sizing agent (A) is preferably an epoxy resin, a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyether resin or a vinyl ester resin.

Abstract: A laser composition comprises a combination of: (a) from more than 45 to less than 94 weight percent of a crystalline or semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyester component selected from poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate) copolymers poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymers, and combinations thereof; (b) from greater than 6 to less than 25 weight percent of an amorphous thermoplastic poly(ester) copolymer, poly(ester-carbonate), or combination thereof; (c) optionally, from 1 to 30 weight percent of a filler; and (d) optionally, from 0.01 to 5 weight percent of an antioxidant, mold release agent, colorant, stabilizer, or a combination thereof; wherein an article having a 2 mm thickness and molded from the composition has (i) a near infrared transmission at 960 nanometers of greater than 30 percent and (ii) a Vicat softening temperature of at least 170° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a method comprising the steps of providing a poly(ethylene glycol) having one terminal hydroxyl group; reacting the terminal hydroxyl group of the poly(ethylene glycol) with di(1-benzotriazolyl)carbonate to form a 1-benzotriazolylcarbonate ester of the poly(ethylene glycol); reacting the 1-benzotriazolylcarbonate ester of the poly(ethylene glycol) with an amino acid to form an amino acid derivative; and reacting the amino acid derivative with a biologically active agent under conditions to form a polymer-active agent conjugate.

Abstract: This invention describes the use of resveratrol and curcumin, representatives of naturally occurring polyphenols, in their native form, after hydrogenation, and as their respective allyl derivatives, individually, in combination with themselves and other commercial monomers, to make representative varieties of polymers, e.g., polycarbonates (PC), polyurethanes (PU), co-polymers and biodegradable polymers.

Abstract: Rosin modified phenolic resins are prepared by reacting together resin acid, fatty acid, tri- or higher-functional phenolic compound and aldehyde. The fatty acid may be Monomer (derived from the fatty acid dimerization process). The reaction mixture may optionally include a,l3-olefinically unsaturated carbonyl compounds and/or polyol. The resin may be dissolved in a solvent to form a varnish. The resin may be used as a component of printing inks, e.g., inks for lithographic or gravure printing.

Abstract: A polyester for a toner having a softening point of from 70° to 110° C. and a glass transition temperature of from 38° to 60° C., obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component containing a propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A and an ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A in a total amount of 80% by mole or more, with a carboxylic acid component, wherein the propylene oxide adduct has an average number of moles of from 2.0 to 2.4, and the ethylene oxide adduct has an average number of moles of from 2.5 to 4.2. The polyester for a toner of the present invention is suitably used as a resin binder of a toner, or the like, used for, for example, developing a latent image formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method, or the like.

Abstract: Rosin modified phenolic resins are prepared by reacting together rosin, fatty acid, phenol and aldehyde. The fatty acid may be Monomer (derived from the fatty acid dimerization process). The reaction mixture may optionally include ?,?-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid(s) or anhydride(s), and polyol(s). The resin may be dissolved in a solvent to form a varnish. The resin may be used as a component of inks for lithographic or gravure printing.

Abstract: An aqueous floor care composition comprising water, polymer particles wherein the polymer particles include units derived from a conjugated diene monomer, units derived from an acidic monomer, and units derived from a hard, non-acidic monomer, an external crosslinking agent, and optionally one or more of a leveling agent, surfactant, polyurethane, alkali-soluble resin, coalescing agent, plasticizer, and wax.

Abstract: The invention relates to polycarbonates that comprise defect structures and cyclic oligomers and have improved properties. The invention also relates to molded articles and extrudates made from said polycarbonates.

Abstract: A polyester resin for a toner, obtained by polycondensing a carboxylic acid component and an alcohol component, wherein the carboxylic acid component and/or the alcohol component contains an aromatic compound represented by the formula (Ia): wherein R1a is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a methoxy group; and Xa is a hydrogen atom, an aldehyde group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, a methoxy group, or a hydroxyl group or carboxyl group which may have a linking group. The toner for electrophotography containing a polyester resin for a toner of the present invention is suitably used for a resin binder of a toner used in developing and the like of latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Abstract: A method for producing a PC copolymer with improved productivity is provided. The PC copolymer has a specific structure and the method uses a diester diol-containing monomer as a raw material. The polycarbonate copolymer is produced by reacting a diester diol-containing monomer, a divalent phenol, and a carbonate precursor by interfacial polymerization, wherein the diester diol-containing monomer is a product of reaction between a hydroxybenzoic acid or an esterified product thereof and a polyalkylene glycol, wherein the esterification degree of hydroxyl groups of the polyalkylene glycol is 50 to 90 mol %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polycarbonate diol, comprising an organic residue derived from a diol component represented by formula (1), wherein n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 4, and the norbornane structure or the cyclopentane structure may be substituted with a halogen group or a hydrocarbon group. The polycarbonate diol according to the present invention can give a polyurethane resin having excellent heat resistance and flexibility in a well-balanced manner and reliability in long-term insulating properties under high temperature/high humidity conditions.

Abstract: A silyl group-containing polymer which can be cured quickly and strongly, and from which a cured product excellent in antifouling properties and weather resistance while maintaining favorable rubber elasticity can be obtained, and having the following formula (1): wherein R1: a group having a hydroxyl group(s) removed from a monohydroxy or polyhydroxy compound having t hydroxyl group(s) in its molecule, R2: a bivalent organic group, R3: a C1-20 monovalent organic group which may have a substituent, X: a hydroxyl group or a hydrolysable group, Y: a bivalent group of the following formula (A) or (B), “a”: an integer of from 1 to 3, r: an integer of from 1 to 1,000, and t: an integer of from 1 to 8, provided that when the silyl group-containing polymer of formula (1) has a plurality of Y's in its molecule, the plurality of Y's may be the same or different, and when t is from 2 to 8, a plurality of monovalent groups bonded to R1 may be the same or different: in the formula (A), R4: a C2-8 alkylene group,

Abstract: The invention includes embodiments that relate to a method of improving the abrasion resistance of a plastic article. The method comprises: (a) providing a composition comprising at least one e-beam active thermoplastic polymeric material; (b) forming an article from the composition of step (a); and (c) exposing the article formed in step (b) to an electron beam source. The invention also includes embodiments that relate to an article comprising an abrasion resistant surface.

Abstract: A method of making a polycarbonate is described. The method comprises melt reacting an ester-substituted diaryl carbonate and a multifunctional compound of the formula: in the presence of catalyst to form an oligomer comprising less than 2,000 ppm of an ester-linked terminal group, and melt polymerizing the oligomer to form a polycarbonate. Use of specific reaction conditions produces a polycarbonate having an Mw of greater than or equal to 25,000 g/mol as determined by gel-permeation chromatography relative to polystyrene standards. Polycarbonates comprising units derived from the multifunctional compound, including homopolycarbonates, aliphatic copolycarbonates further comprising units derived from an aromatic dihydroxy compound, and aliphatic polycarbonate-polyesters, are also disclosed, as are a thermoplastic composition and an article including the disclosed polycarbonates.

Abstract: A method for producing a PC copolymer with improved productivity is provided. The PC copolymer has a specific structure and the method uses a diester diol-containing monomer as a raw material. The polycarbonate copolymer is produced by reacting a diester diol-containing monomer, a divalent phenol, and a carbonate precursor by interfacial polymerization, wherein the diester diol-containing monomer is a product of reaction between a hydroxybenzoic acid or an esterified product thereof and a polyalkylene glycol, wherein the esterification degree of hydroxyl groups of the polyalkylene glycol is 50 to 90 mol %.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner binder for electrophotography which comprises a polyester resin constituted of an alcohol component containing a polyoxyalkylene ether (A) of a bisphenol and an acid component, and the content of unreacted bisphenols in said polyester resin is 15 ppm or less.

Abstract: A process for making phenylene dioxydiacetic acid comprises (a) contacting a dihydroxybenzene under reaction conditions with a salt of haloacetic acid in a solution without adding a haloacetic acid to produce a salt of phenylene dioxydiacetic acid; and (b) optionally converting the salt of phenylene dioxydiacetic acid to free phenylene dioxydiacetic acid. In some embodiments, 1,3-phenylene dioxydiacetic acid (RDOA) is made by reacting resorcinol with sodium chloroacetic acid in a reaction mixture with a pH in the range of about 7 to about 11 and at a temperature from about 70° C. to 105° C. By adjusting the reactions conditions, a relatively high yield of 1,3-phenylene dioxydiacetic acid (i.e., greater than 80%) is obtained. The purified acid can be used in the synthesis of polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising components A, B and optionally C, wherein component A comprises at least one hydroxy-terminated polyarylate. Component B is an organic species which can react with the hydroxy terminal groups of component A, and component C is a catalyst or mixture of catalysts. The hydroxy-terminated polyarylates are prepared by a solution polymerization method.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin composition obtained by blending a polycarbonate resin (A) obtained by forming a carbonate bond from 95 to 5 mol % of a dihydroxy compound having a fluorene structure represented by the general formula (1) and 5 to 95 mol % of a dihydroxy compound having a dimethanol structure represented by the general formula (2) and a carbonic diester and a polycarbonate resin (B) obtained by forming a carbonate bond from bisphenol A and a carbonic acid diester or phosgene in a ratio of (100×(A)/((A)+(B))=1 to 99% by weight and a polarizing sheet used the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermoplastic elastomer resin which has good melt viscosity, melt tension, and thermal resistance, wherein it is prepared by introducing a chain extender and a stabilizer for hydrolysis to a thermoplastic elastomer resin produced through melt polymerization in the presence of hydroxy carboxylic acid compound and subjecting the mixture to reactive extrusion to increase the molecular weight and crosslinking degree of the elastomer resin. The thermoplastic elastomer resin according to the present invention has good properties for automobile parts, particularly constant velocity joint boots and bellows.

Abstract: A binder resin for a toner comprises a polyester component having a specific structure which is not soluble in tetrahydrofuran, and a polyester component having a specific branched structure which is soluble in tetrahydrofuran. The binder resin can provide a toner, which is superior in low-temperature fixation and offset resistance and can be used in high speed printing in response to the recent market demands owing to its specific structure.

Abstract: A crystalline polyester having a number-average molecular weight of from 5000 to 10000, a weight-average molecular weight of from 150000 to 8000000, a maximum peak temperature of heat of fusion of from 60° to 150° C., and a ratio of a softening point to a maximum peak temperature of heat of fusion (softening point/peak temperature) of from 0.6 to 1.3. The crystalline polyester can be used as a resin binder for a toner used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method, and the like.

Abstract: A crystalline polyester obtained by polycondensing monomers comprising 0.1 to 10% by mol of a divalent aromatic compound, wherein the crystalline polyester has a softening point of 85° to 150° C. The crystalline polyester can be suitably used for a resin binder for toner for electrophotography and the like used for developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing, and the like; a polyester resin composition comprising the crystalline polyester.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for making a low color copolymer of ethylene glycol, isosorbide and terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate. This copolymer, poly(ethylene-co-isosorbide) terephthalate, is useful for making bottles, hot-fill containers, films, sheet, fiber, strand and optical article applications. It can also be used to make polymer blends and alloys.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preparing a 1-benzotriazolylcarbonate ester of a water-soluble and non-peptidic polymer by reacting a terminal hydroxyl group of a water-soluble and non-peptidic polymer with di(1-benzotriazolyl)carbonate in the presence of an amine base and an organic solvent. The polymer backbone can be poly(ethylene glycol). The 1-benzotriazolylcarbonate ester can then be reacted directly with a biologically active agent to form a biologically active polymer conjugate or reacted with an amino acid, such as lysine, to form an amino acid derivative.

Abstract: Highly stretchable, anisotropic melt-forming polymers consisting essentially of recurring units derived from p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and hydroquinone are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer of high quality at high yield and in short polymerization time, which method includes polymerizing staring monomers I, II, III, and IV, i.e., (I) an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, etc.; (II) an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an alicyclic dicarboxylic acid; (III) an aromatic diol, an alicyclic diol, an aliphatic diol, etc.; and (IV) an aromatic hydroxylamine, an aromatic diamine, etc. in the presence of an acylating agent, wherein the starting materials are charged so as to satisfy the following equations (1) to (4): 0.0015≦((A)−(B))/((A)+(B))≦0.006  (1); 1.01≦(D)/(C)≦1.08  (2); 0≦(E)≦40  (3); and (D)/(C)≧−0.002 ×(E)+1.

Abstract: Described are articles having a polyanhydride photochromic coating. The coatings exhibit a Fischer microhardness of from 50 to 130 Newtons per mm2 and desirable photochromic properties, i.e., the formation of darker activated colors and faster rates of photochromic activation and fade when irradiated with ultraviolet light. Also described are polyanhydride photochromic articles.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystalline polymer which is obtained by copolymerizing at least one polyfunctional aromatic monomer selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the formulae (I), (II) and (III) below with at least one polymerizable monomer. The liquid crystalline polymer of the present invention is excellent in heat resistance, molding properties, flow properties and mechanical properties, especially it provide molded article with improved weld strength.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer of high quality at high yield and in short polymerization time, which method includes polymerizing staring monomers I, II, III, and IV, i.e., (I) an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, etc.; (II) an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an alicyclic dicarboxylic acid; (III) an aromatic diol, an alicyclic diol, an aliphatic diol, etc.; and (IV) an aromatic hydroxylamine, an aromatic diamine, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compositions containing an LCP and one or more aromatic phosphonites. Also disclosed is a novel process for preparing LCPs in the presence of one or more aromatic phosphonites. The process enables the preparation of LCPs in a more controlled manner so that the LCPs have excellent thermal/oxidative stability. The LCPs are useful where the combination of good mechanical properties, excellent thermal resistance properties, and excellent thermal stability are desired, such as in electrical/electronic applications and electrical connectors.

Abstract: A high-performance anti-reflective coating which highly absorbs a given light, e.g., deep ultraviolet rays, tenaciously adheres to substrates upon coating formation, is satisfactory in covering, and eliminates the influence of standing waves in the production of integrated circuits; novel light-absorbing polymers for forming the anti-reflective coating; and a process for producing the polymers. One of the polymers is produced by esterifying a copolymer comprising carboxylic anhydride groups and/or dicarboxylic acid groups such as maleic acid as basic recurring units with a hydroxylated aromatic chromophore. The unreacted carboxylic acid groups or acid anhydride groups remaining in the esterified light-absorbing polymer may be amidated and/or imidized with an aminated aromatic compound.

Abstract: A 1,3-propanediol-based aromatic polyester such as polytrimethylene terephthalate is modified by reaction with a hindered phenolic acid or ester to provide an endcapped polyester which has improved resistance to generation of acrolein when heated in air.

Abstract: A method for producing a copolymerized polyester resin, which comprises subjecting a dicarboxylic acid component containing terephthalic acid or its ester derivative as the main component and a phenylene dioxydiacetic acid as a copolymerizable component, and a diol component containing ethylene glycol as the main component, to polycondensation through an esterification reaction or a transesterification reaction, wherein the phenylene dioxydiacetic acid is added to the reaction system in the form of a solution dissolved in the diol component.

Abstract: An amorphous copolyester having a maximum melt viscosity at 1 radian/second and at about 260 to about 290° C. of about 12000 poise, a glass transition temperature ranging from about 88° C. to about 120° C., and an inherent viscosity of at least about 0.6 dl/g. The amorphous copolyesters comprise the reaction product of a diol component and a dicarboxylic acid component. The diol component comprises residues of from about 5.0 to about 50 mole % of 2,2′-(sulfonylbis (4,1-phenyleneoxy))-bis(ethanol) which has the following chemical formula: and from about 50 to about 95 mole % of a mixture of at least two diols selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and mixture thereof. The dicarboxylic acid component comprises residues of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 1,4-cyclohexandedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a polyester polymer or polyester copolymer under superatmospheric pressure conditions in a pipe or tubular reaction under turbannular flow conditions. Reaction material having a glycol equivalents to carboxylic acid equivalents mole ratio of from 1.0:1 to 1.2:1, together with a superatmospheric dense gaseous medium are fed co-currently to the reactor. Dicarboxylic acid and/or diol raw materials may be injected into any of the reaction zones in the process during operation to achieve the overall desired mole ratio balance. The process operates at temperatures of from about 220.degree. C. to about 320.degree. C., with turbannular flow achieved before the polymer product and gas exit the reactor process. The pressure in the reaction zones can be in the range from 15 psia to 2500 psia.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an unsaturated polyester which comprises (i) reacting an organic diol with a cyclic akylene carbonate in the presence of a first catalyst to thereby form a polyalkoxy diol, and (ii) optionally adding thereto a further amount of cyclic alkylene carbonate in the presence of a second catalyst, and (iii) subsequently polycondensing the resulting mixture with a dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers which form cholesteric phases, to a process for their preparation and to their use.Novel polymers and oligomers which form cholesteric phases essentially consist, as molecular building blocks, ofA. at least one bifunctional chiral molecular building block which contains at least one cyclic structural element other than a monosubstituted p-phenylene group,B. at least one bifunctional achiral or racemic molecular building block which contains at least one cyclic structural element containing at least four ring members, andC. at least one bifunctional molecular building block which can be either chiral or achiral, cyclic or acyclic, and is different from the molecular building blocks A and B actually employed,with the proviso that the molecular building block A is not derived exclusively from camphoric acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an unsaturated polyester which comprises (i) reacting an organic diol with a cyclic akylene carbonate in the presence of a first catalyst to thereby form a polyalkoxy diol, and (ii) optionally adding thereto a further amount of cyclic alkylene carbonate in the presence of a second catalyst, and (iii) subsequently polycondensing the resulting mixture with a dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A polyester fiber made from a polymer having ethylene glycol moieties, isosorbide moieties and terepthaloyl moieties, and the method of making the fiber is described. The polyester fiber is used to form articles suitable for commercial, especially textile, and industrial uses, and has an inherent viscosity of at least 0.35 dL/g when measured as a 1% (weight/volume) solution of the polyester in o-chlorophenol at a temperature of 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A polyester container made from a polymer having ethylene glycol moieties, isosorbide moieties and terepthaloyl moieties, and the method of making the container is described. The polyester container is suitable for holding liquids and solids, and may be hot-filled or cold-filled. In particular, wide-mouth jars and narrow-necked bottles may be formed. The polyester has an inherent viscosity of at least 0.35 dL/g when measured as a 1% (weight/volume) solution of the polyester in o-chlorophenol at a temperature of 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A polyester having increased UV absorption comprising (i) a residue of a dicarboxylic acid component comprising terephthalic and from about 1 to about 20 mole % of isophthalic acid, (ii) a residue of a glycol component comprising ethylene glycol, and (iii) from about 0.01 mole % to about 15 mole % of a residue of an aromatic diol derivative, wherein the aromatic diol derivative has a least two polyester reactive groups that are capable of participating in a polyester-forming reaction and the total mole % for components (i), (ii) and (iii) is 200 mole %.

Abstract: A polyester film made from a polymer having ethylene glycol moieties, isosorbide moieties and terepthaloyl moieties, and the method of making the film is described. The polyester film is used to form articles such as films, lacquers, labels, capacitors, insulators, and the like, and has an inherent viscosity of at least 0.35 dL/g when measured as a 1% (weight/volume) solution of the polyester in o-chlorophenol at a temperature of 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A toner resin composition and a method of making the same are disclosed. The toner resin composition comprises a polyester resin formed from a reaction between a polybasic acid or anhydride and a polyhydric alcohol, and a polyfunctional epoxy resin which is crosslinked to the polyester resin. The crosslinking is effected in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for treating a liquid crystal polymer film which includes the steps of: heating a film obtained by extrusion molding of a liquid crystal polymer, while contacting at least one surface of the film with a supporting body, to melt the polymer; cooling the melted polymer to form a solidified polymer layer; and separating the solidified polymer layer from the supporting body. The process readily provides liquid crystal polymer films having excellent resistance to intra-layer delamination and high tensile strength and elongation, as well as excellent resistance to abrasion, dimensional stability when heated, and resistance to folding.

Abstract: The invention provides polyesters of terephthalic acid units and ethylene glycol units, having excellent melt moldability. The invention also provides molded articles having excellent transparency, impact resistance, gelation characteristics, appearance, tactility, mechanical properties, heat resistance, chemical resistance, and dimensional precision.

Abstract: There are disclosed a wholly aromatic polyester represented by formula I with enhanced flame retardance and chemical stability, and a method for the preparing the same. The polymer is prepared in interface polymerization wherein an alkali aqueous phase containing cyclotriphosphagene-containing bisphenols is in contact with an organic phase containing aromatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. ##STR1## wherein m and n each are an integer which satisfies the following conditions: 0<m/(m+n)<1 and 0<n/(m+n)<1; X represents --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --SO--, --CO--, an alkylene group of C.sub.1-4, or an alkylidene group of C.sub.1-4 ; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ', R.sub.3 ' and R.sub.4 ' are the same or different, and represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group of C.sub.1-4 or the derivatives thereof, respectively.