Abstract: A process for preparing phenol-formaldehyde novolak resins and molding compositions in which portions of the phenol normally contained in said resins are replaced by a phenol/neutral fractions extract obtained from fractionating fast-pyrolysis oils. The fractionation consists of a neutralization stage which can be carried out with aqueous solutions of bases or appropriate bases in the dry state, followed by solvent extraction with an organic solvent having at least a moderate solubility parameter and good hydrogen bonding capacity.Phenolic compounds-containing/neutral fractions extracts obtained by fractionating fast-pyrolysis oils from a lignocellulosic material, is such that the oil is initially in the pH range of 2-4, being neutralized with an aqueous bicarbonate base, and extracted into a solvent having a solubility parameter of approximately 8.4-9.11 [cal/cm.sup.3 ].sup.1/2 with polar components in the 1.8-3.0 range and hydrogen bonding components in the 2-4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for transforming amino- or hydroxyl-containing materials of plant seed origin into plastics feedstocks, which comprises(a) reacting amino-containing starting materials of plant seed origin with an oxo compound, optionally also with an amino compound, preferably with urea or melamine, simultaneously or subsequently; or(b) reacting hydroxyl-containing starting materials of plant seed origin with an amino compound in an aqueous medium, and optionally reacting the thus-obtained macromolecule with an oxo compound; or(c) reacting hydroxyl-containing starting materials of plant seed origin with an oxo compound in an aqueous medium, optionally reacting the thus-obtained macromolecule with an amino compound,then transforming the obtained macromolecular material into plastics feedstocks in a known way.

Abstract: A method for controlling the permeability of a petroleum-bearing subterranean formation including the steps of producing from biomass, a water-insoluble viscous biomass oil, and injecting the biomass oil into the petroleum bearing formation to decrease the permeability of at least some of the formation for altering flow paths through the formation to increase petroleum yield.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing water-soluble resin and a resin product made by that method, the method including the steps of supplying a volume of an acidic pyrolysis oil, raising the pH of the oil above 7.0 to partially polymerize the oil, and heating the partially polymerized oil to encourage further polymerization to form the resin product.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for fractionating lignocellulosic materials fast-prolysis oils to produce phenol-containing compositions suitable for the manufacture of phenol-formaldehyde resins. The process includes admixing the oils with an organic solvent having at least a moderate solubility parameter and good hydrogenThe United States Government has rights in this invention under Contract No. DE-AC02-83CH10093 between the United States Department of Energy and the Solar Energy Research Institute, a Division of the Midwest Research Institute.

Abstract: Grinding wheel having a bonding agent for binding abrasive grains, comprising a reaction product of a synthetic resin and cashew nut sheel liquid or its derivatives. The bonding agent may include a surface active agent.

Abstract: A process and product thereof for densifying guayule shrubs by compression and forming a densified pellet. The densified pellet substantially maintains its molecular weight during storage over a period of weeks without the aid of any inert gas blanket or the like.

Abstract: A phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and a method for making the same. In this method phenol and formaldehyde at an initial pH of 8.5 to 9.2 are reacted in the presence of a sodium sulfite catalyst. The reaction mixture is heated and refluxed until it has a viscosity of u-v on the Gardner bubble test. Additional resorcinol is added to the mixture and refluxing is continued until it has a viscosity of 30 to 100 Garner sections. The reaction mixture is diluted with a water miscible solvent to obtain a resin solution having a solids content of about 40 to 60 percent by weight and a viscosity of 2.0 to 3.5 poise. An alkali metal carbonate material in the amount of 4 to 8 percent by weight of the resin is added to make adhesives including this resin fast curing. Fumed silica is also added to the resin solution by means of high shear apparatus to make the solution thixotropic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adhesive composition for manufacturing glued laminated beams and wood constructions. One component of the adhesive composition is resorcinol-phenol resin. Resorcinol-phenol adhesives are as such known in the prior art. The main ingredients of these adhesives are resorcinol, formaldehyde and phenol. Among the drawbacks in the use and production of resorcinol-phenol adhesives are their high price and the fact that the raw materials are difficult to obtain. The purpose for employing the adhesive composition of the invention is to eliminate some of the difficulties connected with the availability of the raw materials, particularly resorcinol, and to help produce a new, more economical resorcinol-phenol based adhesive composition.

Abstract: An adhesive is disclosed for use in flexible circuitry, laminates and electrical products. The adhesive has improved flexibility and adhesive properties. It may be applied in solution form or may be cast as a free-standing film which is later heated and compressed to give adhesive properties. The adhesive comprises a phenolaldehyde resin or other phenolic resin, an epoxy resin and an elastomer.

Abstract: A modified phenol-formaldehyde binding resin is particularly useful in the formation of man-made boards including bonded fibers, fibrous particles, and a plurality of uniformly, or randomly shaped pieces, masses or sheets bonded together with the modified phenol-formaldehyde binding resin. The resin binder is especially adapted to bonding wood fibers and particles, comprising the condensation product of a phenol, formaldehyde and a water-soluble carbohydrate-phenol complex from steam digestion of wood chips, and the production thereof. Various objects can be manufactured using these resins, such as particle objects and objects or sheet materials made by bonding together a plurality of uniformly or randomly shaped masses, for example, fiberboards such as hardboard and insulation board; particle board; plywood; oriented strand board; and waferboard.

Abstract: A method is described for making adhesive from biomass. A liquefaction oil is prepared from lignin-bearing plant material and a phenolic fraction is extracted therefrom. The phenolic fraction is reacted with formaldehyde to yield a phenol-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid binder composition containing from about 70 to about 98 percent by weight of TDI residue and correspondingly from about 2 to about 30 percent by weight of a select ester derived from a dicarboxylic acid. When the binder composition is used in making lignocellulosic composite materials, such as particle board, the ester acts as an effective internal mold release agent, facilitating release of the composite material from the mold.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid binder composition containing from about 40 to about 98 percent by weight of an organic polyisocyanate and correspondingly from about 2 to about 60 percent by weight of a select ester derived from a dicarboxylic acid. When the binder composition is used in making lignocellulosic composite materials, such as particle board, the ester acts as an effective internal mold release agent, facilitating release of the composite material from the mold.

Abstract: Tree foliage extracts, their extraction processes, and the use of such extracts in formulating resins suitable for use in plywood adhesives and as wood bonding agents.

Abstract: A one-part epoxy adhesive has been developed that cures rapidly at relatively low elevated temperatures and is based on a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), DGBE reacted with glycerol and natural oils, and a unique triple catalyst system of metal imidazole salt, dicyandiamide and a cyclic latent curing agent that liberates diethylenetriamine when heated.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of denatured polyaddition products of biomasses and isocyanates, comprising reacting(A) from 5 to 98%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a biomass based on microorganisms or derivative and decomposition products thereof with(B) from 95 to 2%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a compound containing isocyanate groups, at temperatures of at least 50.degree. C. with complete denaturing of component (A).

Abstract: This application discloses a phenol-formaldehyde binding resin formed from phenol and formaldehyde in mole ratio of one mole of phenol to 2 to 3 moles of formaldehyde, the resin being modified by replacing from 5% to 50% of the phenol by an equivalent amount of a concentrated aqueous complex of phenolic and carbohydrate components from the process water from the steam digestion of wood chips without chemical addition, said resin being formed by heating said mixture of phenol, formaldehyde and aqueous complex with aqueous alkali to a temperature not exceeding about 100.degree. C. until a resin having a Brookfield viscosity of at least 35 centipoises is produced, all weights being determined on a dry basis; and a method of producing said resin by reacting a concentrated aqueous extract obtained from the steam digestion of wood chips with phenol and formaldehyde under alkaline conditions at a temperature not exceeding about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: High temperature phenolic resins suited for use for example in an automotive or similar brake or in a clutch, are provided by a blend of the reaction product of a phenolic compound, naphthalenic compound, and formaldehyde with selected prior art resins. The mole ratio range of naphthalenic compound: phenolic compound: formaldehyde is about 1: 1:0.8-5:1-10. Friction particles and friction elements can be prepared from said reaction product optionally being blended with said selected prior art resins. An improved method of making friction elements is also provided which uses such binder.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of denatured polyaddition products of biomasses and isocyanates, comprising reacting(A) from 5 to 98%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a biomass based on microorganisms or derivative and decomposition products thereof with(B) from 95 to 2%, by weight, based on (A)+(B), of a compound containing isocyanate groups, at temperatures of at least 50.degree. C. with complete denaturing of component (A).

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of processing guayule plant material. More particularly, it relates to processing methods, including volatilization and heating steps, by which resinous material, extracts and resins from guayule plants are converted and recovered.

Abstract: A phenol-aldehyde resin composition consisting essentially of the polymerization product of an alkali organic extract of peanut hulls and pecan piths polymerized with an aldehyde. The peanut hull and pecan pith alkali organic extracts are polymerized with an aldehyde and used to formulate resins suitable for use in plywood adhesives, in wood bonding agents and in cellulosic material impregnating agents.

Abstract: A phenol-aldehyde resin composition consisting essentially of the polymerization product of an alkali organic extract of peanut hulls and pecan piths polymerized with an aldehyde. The peanut hull and pecan pith alkali organic extract are polymerized with an aldehyde and used to formulate resins suitable for use in polywood adhesives, in molding compounds, in wood bonding agents and in cellulosic material impregnating agents.

Abstract: Organic phenol compounds and protein extract compositions consisting essentially of alkali organic extracts of peanut hull and pecan pith agricultural residues and a method of carrying out the extraction are described. The peanut hull and pecan pith alkali organic extracts can be polymerized with an aldehyde and used to formulate resins suitable for use in plywood adhesives, in wood bonding agents and in cellulosic material impregnating agents.

Abstract: Organic phenol compounds extract compositions consisting essentially of alkali organic extracts of peanut hull and pecan pith agricultural residues and a method of carrying out the extraction are described. The peanut hull and pecan pith alkali organic extracts can be polymerized with an aldehyde and used to formulate resins suitable for use in plywood adhesives, in wood bonding agents and in cellulosic material impregnating agents.

Abstract: There are disclosed by-products of pecan nuts and processes for producing such by-products including products and processes involved in extracting water soluble phenolic constituents from the shell and packing tissue of the pecan to obtain a pecan nut shell extract (PNSE), reacting the PNSE with an aldehyde and an acid or a base catalyst resulting in the materials being condensed to form a highly cross-linked polymer which with thermal setting produces a phenol-formaldehyde resin (a Bakelite form of plastic). The plastics may be formed with lesser or greater density by control of conditions and may incorporate various fibers such as glass, asbestos or cellulose or non-fibrous filler material and may be cast, molded, extruded or otherwise formed into electrical insulation, laminated materials, particle or composition board, or thermal insulation.