Abstract: The aromatic hydrocarbon resin can be used as a coating material and a resist resin for a semiconductor, and has a high carbon concentration and a low oxygen concentration. A composition for forming an underlayer film for lithography that has excellent etching resistance as an underlayer film for a multilayer resist process, an underlayer film formed with the same, and a pattern forming method using the same are disclosed. An aromatic hydrocarbon is reacted with an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of an acidic catalyst, thereby providing an aromatic hydrocarbon resin that has a high carbon concentration of from 90 to 99.9% by mass and a low oxygen concentration of from 0 to 5% by mass. A composition for forming an underlayer film for lithography contains the resin and an organic solvent, an underlayer film is formed with the same, and a pattern forming method uses the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of oxymethylene polymers as well as oxymethylene polymers obtainable therefrom. The process includes polymerization of a monomer, which forms —CH2—O— units in the presence of an acetal of formaldehyde or a polyhydric alcohol and an initiator for cationic polymerization. The initiator may be a heteropoly acid or an acid salt thereof which is dissolved in an alkyl ester of a polybasic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The aromatic hydrocarbon resin can be used as a coating material and a resist resin for a semiconductor, and has a high carbon concentration and a low oxygen concentration. A composition for forming an underlayer film for lithography that has excellent etching resistance as an underlayer film for a multilayer resist process, an underlayer film formed with the same, and a pattern forming method using the same are disclosed. An aromatic hydrocarbon is reacted with an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of an acidic catalyst, thereby providing an aromatic hydrocarbon resin that has a high carbon concentration of from 90 to 99.9% by mass and a low oxygen concentration of from 0 to 5% by mass. A composition for forming an underlayer film for lithography contains the resin and an organic solvent, an underlayer film is formed with the same, and a pattern forming method uses the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of oxymethylene polymers as well as oxymethylene polymers obtainable therefrom. The process includes polymerization of a monomer, which forms —CH2—O— units in the presence of an acetal of formaldehyde or a polyhydric alcohol and an initiator for cationic polymerization. The initiator may be a heteropoly acid or an acid salt thereof which is dissolved in an alkyl ester of a polybasic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new high-functionality, highly branched or hyperbranched polylysines, to processes for preparing them, and to their use.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing acidic aqueous solutions of melamine-aldehyde type polymers, and particularly melamine-formaldehyde polymer, which have significantly reduced levels of free aldehyde. The process involves the addition of hydrogen peroxide and/or iron in the form of ferric ion to the acidification stage of the production of melamine-formaldehyde polymers. When the process is conducted at elevated temperatures, in the range of 150-180.degree. F., iron is not required to cause destruction of the free formaldehyde. At lower temperatures the presence of iron may be required to achieve satisfactory rates of reaction. The process reduces levels of free formaldehyde to less than 0.1% by weight, such that the polymer solution may be used in a variety of applications with reduced environmental risk.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing oxiranes, oxetanes, oxepanes, dioxolanes, trioxanes, and tetrahydrofurans to their respective polymers by contacting them with a selected metal compound is disclosed; and also a process for depolymerizing polytetrahydrofurans to monomeric tetrahydrofurans by contacting the polymer with a selected metal compound at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. The catalysts may be in solution or part of a heterogeneous solid, and selected organic compounds are used as accelerators in the polymerizations. The polymeric products, some of which are novel, may be used as polyether monomers for further polymerization, as by reaction with isocyanates to produce polyurethanes, and other useful polymers. Some of the polymeric products are relatively high in molecular weight and are suitable for direct use, for instance as spandex fibers.

Abstract: In preparing a polyacetal copolymer through copolymerization of trioxane as the principal monomer with a cyclic ether or cyclic formal having at least one carbon-carbon bond as the comonomer, 0.05 to 100 ppm (on the weight basis), based on the total amount of the monomers, of a heteropoly-acid or an acidic salt thereof is used as a polymerization catalyst, and a liquid mixture preliminarily prepared by mixing at least part or the whole of the comonomer with the polymerization catalyst is added to trioxane to effect copolymerization. According to such the process, the polymerization yield and the degree of polymerization (molecular weight) are enhanced, and a polyacetal copolymer having an improved stability can be obtained.

Abstract: A resin composition useful as a binder is provided comprising a mixture of a formaldehyde-based resin with a resin substitute comprising the reaction product of an amine derivative chosen from melamine, glycolurile or their mixtures with 1 to 2 moles of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 dialkoxyethanal, the reaction product is mixed, preferably reacted, with a polyol.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing oxepanes, dioxolanes, trioxanes, and tetrahydrofurans to their respective polymers by contacting them with a selected metal compound and an accelerator which is a selected vinyl ester or a selected phosphorous compound.

Abstract: A moulding composition based on linear polyoxymethylene copolymers and customary additives with a melt index MFI (2,16 kg, 190.degree. C.) of .ltoreq.0,8, preferably .ltoreq.0,5 and especially .ltoreq.0,2 g/10 min has an extraordinary high toughness, which eliminates an addition of elastomer modifiers. In its preparation Lewis acids or protonic acids are used as initiators.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polyester comprising repeating units having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds which are useful as initiators for cationically polymerizable monomers. The novel compounds comprise a carbon containing cation (e.g., trimethyloxonium) which is capable of initiating cationic polymerization and a non-nucleophilic counterion which is an at least partially fluorinated hydrocarbylsulfonato metallate (e.g. perfluoroethylsulfonato-aluminate). The disclosed initiators are capable of initiating the cationic polymerization of a wide variety of monomers such as epoxides, tetrahydrofuans, oxazolines, vinyls, lactones, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to copolyethers comprising copolymers of 7,oxa-bicyclo(2,2,1)heptane, and its alkyl-derivatives, with one or more single-ring or condensed-rings cycloaliphatic ethers, comprising the characteristic group; ##STR1## wherein R' is hydrogen and R" is H, a halogen, or an alkyl radical containing a small number of carbon atoms, and which may also be halogen-substituted.If the ether contains one ring only, it contains from 5 to 12 atoms in the ring, and if it contains a condensed-ring system, it contains a total number of from 10 to 18 atoms in the rings.Those copolyethers show a anisotropic behaviour in the molten state, and therefore have liquid-crystal properties.

Abstract: Acetal polymer having a high degree of polymerization is obtained using a catalyst of a heteropoly acid or an acid salt thereof in a small amount. The catalyst is represented by formula:H.sub.x [M.sub.m .multidot.M'.sub.n O.sub.l ]yH.sub.2 O (1)whereinM: a central element constituted of at least one member selected from among P, B, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, U, Mn, Re, Cu, Ni, Ti, Co, Fe, Cr, Th and Ce,M': at least one ligand element selected from among W, Mo, V and Nb, m: 1 to 10, n: 6 to 40, l: 10 to 100, x: an integer of 1 or above, and y: 0 to 50.

Abstract: Novel copolymers and terpolymers are produced from carbon monoxide, a functionally-substituted ethylenically unsaturated compound wherein the functional substituent is separated from the ethylenic unsaturation by a divalent bridging group of at least one carbon, and optionally an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon. The polymerization is conducted under polymerization conditions in the presence of a catalyst composition formed from a palladium compound, the anion of a non-hydrohalogenic acid having a pKa less than about 6 and a bidentate ligand of phosphorus or of nitrogen.

Abstract: Furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde resins which can be prepared by using a water soluble multivalent metal salt as the catalyst, thereby eliminating the use of an acid catalyst and the necessary attention it requires.

Abstract: There are provided metal containing polymeric coordination compounds which are prepared by a process which comprises reacting metal salts with polydentate ligand molecules obtained by the condensation of aromatic dialdehydes with .beta.-hydroxy-.alpha.,.gamma.-diamines. The above are electrical semiconductors. Such polymers containing platinum have a biological activity.

Abstract: Undesirable deposition of polyoxymethylene onto the inner wall of a polymerization reactor and onto a stirrer, which deposition is observed in the slurry polymerization of formaldehyde carried out in an inert organic liquid medium, can be minimized by carrying out the slurry polymerization in the presence of a polymerization catalyst prepared by bringing a metal chelate compound into contact with polyoxymethylene in an inert organic liquid medium in the presence of formaldehyde. Preferably, the slurry polymerization is carried out in the presence of, in addition to the above-mentioned polymerization catalyst, at least one polyvalent metal salt of an alkylsalicylic acid or of a dialkyl ester of sulfosuccinic acid. It is also preferable to use a tubular closed loop reactor equipped with an impeller wherein gaseous formaldehyde is blown into the reactor in a position located downstream from the impeller, while the catalyst-containing slurry is circulated therethrough.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel resin derived from acenaphthene and to process for its production.The resin comprises oligomers of naphthalic acid groups bridged by substantially only keto groups, the oligomers being joined together with a di- or tetra-functional primary aromatic amine and having been derived from a resin produced by acid-catalyzed condensation of acenaphthene and a formaldehyde donor.It is envisaged that the resin will be of use in the preparation of drogue parachutes and in other circumstances where a thermally stable resin is required.

Abstract: Aromatic onium salts, such as diaryliodonium salts, have been found to be effective thermal initiators for the polymerization of a variety of cationically polymerizable materials including epoxides, cyclic ethers, phenol formaldehyde resins, etc., when used in combination with various cocatalysts such as organic acids and copper salts.