Abstract: A method for forming a photoresist relief image including applying a layer of a coating composition on a substrate; and disposing a layer of a photoresist composition on the layer of the coating composition, wherein the coating composition comprises an amine-containing polymer comprising a hydrocarbon-substituted amino group and having nitrogen atoms in an amount from 3 to 47 weight percent, based on a total weight of the amine-containing polymer.

Abstract: Carbon-linked 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oligomers contain at least one first HMF unit and one second HMF unit. The first and second HMF units are linked by a carbon-carbon bond with involvement of an aromatically bound carbon atom at position 3 or 4 of the furan ring of the first HMF unit. The HMF oligomers may be used as reactive carbonyl compounds in the manufacture of thermally curable resins on the basis of phenolic compounds and/or aminoplastic forming agents as well as in the manufacture of wood composite products.

Abstract: A carbazole polymer including a repeating unit represented by Formula 1 and having excellent one electron oxidation-state stability, wherein, in Formula 1, R1-R4 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1-60 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1-60 carbon atoms, or similar, Cz represents a divalent group including a carbazole skeleton represented by Formula 2, and Ar represents a divalent aromatic ring or similar; wherein, in Formula 2, R5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-60 carbon atoms, or similar, R6-R11 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or similar, and m represents an integer 1-10.

Abstract: A polymeric composition containing a polyacetal resin in conjunction with a formaldehyde inhibiting agent is described. The formaldehyde inhibiting agent comprises an aluminum pigment. The aluminum pigment may comprise elemental aluminum, such as aluminum flakes that cannot only drastically reduce formaldehyde emissions from the composition but can also give the composition a metallic appearance. In one embodiment, the aluminum pigment may be combined with the polyacetal resin in conjunction with an unhindered phenol and/or a polyethylene resin. In order to further reduce formaldehyde emissions, in one embodiment, a formaldehyde scavenger comprising a nitrogen containing compound can also be added.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for working up particulate crude polyoxymethylene, which comprises the following steps: (a) introduction of the particulate crude polyoxymethylene into an extraction column (13) operated at a pressure in the range from 1 to 6 bar, (b) introduction of a polar extractant into the extraction column (13) with a temperature in the range from 95 to 140° C. and a pressure in the range from 1 to 6 bar, wherein from 10 to 1000 ppm, based on the amount of polar extractant introduced, of a buffer substance which buffers in the pH range from 7.5 to 11.5 are introduced into the extraction column (13).

Abstract: There is provided a resist underlayer film having heat resistance that is used for a lithography process in the production of semiconductor devices, and a high refractive index film having transparency that is used for an electronic device. A polymer comprising a unit structure of Formula (1): wherein each of R1, R2, R3, and R5 may be a hydrogen atom, R4 may be phenyl group or naphthyl group. A resist underlayer film forming composition comprising the polymer, and a resist underlayer film formed from the composition. A high refractive index film forming composition comprising the polymer, and a high refractive index film formed from the composition.

Abstract: There is provided a resist underlayer film having heat resistance that is used for a lithography process in the production of semiconductor devices, and a high refractive index film having transparency that is used for an electronic device. A polymer comprising a unit structure of Formula (1): wherein each of R1, R2, R3, and R5 may be a hydrogen atom, R4 may be phenyl group or naphthyl group. A resist underlayer film forming composition comprising the polymer, and a resist underlayer film formed from the composition. A high refractive index film forming composition comprising the polymer, and a high refractive index film formed from the composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound for counteracting amine-based malodor in consumer, industrial and textile products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for working up particulate crude polyoxymethylene, which comprises the following steps: (a) introduction of the particulate crude polyoxymethylene into an extraction column (13) operated at a pressure in the range from 1 to 6 bar, (b) introduction of a polar extractant into the extraction column (13) with a temperature in the range from 95 to 140° C. and a pressure in the range from 1 to 6 bar, wherein from 10 to 1000 ppm, based on the amount of polar extractant introduced, of a buffer substance which buffers in the pH range from 7.5 to 11.5 are introduced into the extraction column (13).

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of isononyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate of formula (I), methods for producing said mixtures of isononyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate of formula (I), compositions containing mixtures of isononyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate of formula (I), uses of the mixtures of isononyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate of formula (I) as plasticizers, and uses of the aforementioned compositions containing isononyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate of formula (I).

Abstract: Composites are described, comprising polyacetal and at least one thermoplastic polyamide elastomer formed by a polyacetal molding which has been partially or completely coated with the thermoplastic polyamide elastomer or onto which one or more moldings composed of the thermoplastic polyamide elastomer have been directly molded. The composites are characterized in that the polyacetal and the thermoplastic polyamide elastomer have been bonded adhesively or cohesively to one another via injection of the polyamide elastomer onto the polyacetal molding, and in that the tensile bond strength between the polyacetal and the thermoplastic polyamide elastomer is at least 0.5 N/mm2. The composites may be used as connectors, as functional components with integrated sealing properties and/or with integrated damping properties, or else as non-slip and easy-grip elements.

Abstract: Provided is an oxymethylene copolymer composition for a stretched material having a high strength and a high elastic modulus, the composition including: an oxymethylene copolymer; and a crosslinkable compound to be blended with the oxymethylene copolymer in an amount of 0.001 to 0.05 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the oxymethylene copolymer. The present invention also relates to a stretched material obtained by using the oxymethylene copolymer composition. Further, the present invention relates to a structure obtained by the secondary processing of the above stretched material, and a structure obtained by using the above oxymethylene copolymer composition in a bonding layer of the structure. The present invention also relates to a method of producing a structure, the method including: using the oxymethylene copolymer composition in a bonding layer of the structure; and removing a polyalkylene glycol component with water or a solvent.

Abstract: There is provided a resist underlayer film having heat resistance that is used for a lithography process in the production of semiconductor devices, and a high refractive index film having transparency that is used for an electronic device. A polymer comprising a unit structure of Formula (1): wherein each of R1, R2, R3, and R5 may be a hydrogen atom, R4 may be phenyl group or naphthyl group. A resist underlayer film forming composition comprising the polymer, and a resist underlayer film formed from the composition. A high refractive index film forming composition comprising the polymer, and a high refractive index film formed from the composition.

Abstract: Consumable analytical plasticware comprising polymers having solubility parameters of about 9.5 (cal/cm3)1/2 or greater are described herein. Also disclosed are methods of using the consumable analytical plasticware, for example, to increase the yields of biomolecules such as nucleic acids from biological samples.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparation of polymer blends comprising at least one polyoxymethylene and at least one thermoplastic elastomer, where the thermoplastic elastomer is micropelletized by a pelletizing process and the pellets obtained in a) are dispersed in the polyoxymethylene matrix via melting of the components and mixing of these at low shear forces, and also to the use of micropelletized thermoplastic elastomers for preparation of polyoxymethylenes with low formaldehyde emission.

Abstract: Methods of making polyoxymethylene compositions having a polyoxymethylene polymer having a Mean Biobased Content of at least 20 percent determined with ASTM-D6866 method.

Abstract: Process for preparing polyoxymethylenes by polymerization of the monomers a) in the presence of cationically active initiators b) and, if appropriate in the presence of regulators c) and subsequent deactivation d) and discharge from the reactor, wherein at least one ionic liquid is used as initiator b).

Abstract: The present invention provides copolymers that facilitate nucleic acid analysis, compositions that comprise such copolymers, and methods for making or using such copolymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical element (1, 25) having a defined shape and comprising a thermoplastic material that has been further cross-linked during or following the shaping thereof. Such thermoplastic materials have an increased heat deflection temperature, distortion, but can be easily and economically shaped before the additional cross-linking as a result of the thermoplastic properties thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of treating mixtures containing polymeric materials, e.g., collagen, to form a polymer that intercalates into the polymeric material. The treatment provides greater tensile strength to the mixture, among other advantages. The polymer is formed of a monomeric unit having at least one catechol group that is oxidized to a quinone upon polymerization.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a polymer, having a high affinity to water, is liquid in spite of being a polymer, simultaneously possesses also a thermal stability and is suitably used as a heating medium or a lubricant. It is the polyacetal (co)polymer, being liquid at room temperature, prepared by copolymerizing (A) 75 to 100 mol % of 1,3-dioxolane and (B) 25 to 0 mol % of trioxane and having the total amount of terminal groups of 15 to 300 mmol/kg and an amount of a hemiformal terminal group of 80 mmol/kg or less.

Abstract: Continuous process for preparing polyoxymethylene homo- or copolymers by bulk polymerization of the monomers in the presence of cationic initiators, and also, if desired, in the presence of regulators, where during the polymerization both the monomers and the polymer are present in molten form and, if desired, the polymer is then deactivated, and the melt is discharged, cooled and pelletized, which comprises discharging, cooling and pelletizing the polymer at an elevated pressure and in the presence of a liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of treating mixtures containing polymeric materials, e.g., collagen, to form a polymer that intercalates into the polymeric material. The treatment provides greater tensile strength to the mixture, among other advantages. The polymer is formed of a monomeric unit having at least one catechol group that is oxidized to a quinone upon polymerization.

Abstract: Modified oxymethylene polymers comprising a linear polymer of oxymethylene repeat units, blocked at one end by at least one terminal group selected from the group consisting of an alkylene oxide as an adduct to alcohol and an alkylene oxide as an adduct to carboxylic acid, the linear polymer excluding the terminal group having a number average molecular weight of 10,000-500,000 and the modified oxymethylene polymer having a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of not more than 2.5, obtained by anionic polymerization of formaldehyde and the alkylene oxide as an adduct to alcohol and/or carboxylic acid. The present modified oxymethylene polymers can give moldings with improved repeated impact resistance at the welded parts and controlled smell generation, and improved sliding characteristics, wherein the sliding characteristics are further improved upon combination with an olefinic polymer.

Abstract: The polyester resin of the present invention is produced by polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising a glycol component containing 5 to 60 mol % of a spiroglycol represented by Formula I: and 30 to 95 mol % of ethylene glycol, and a dicarboxylic acid component containing 80 to 100 mol % of terephthalic acid and/or an ester thereof. The polyester resin has (1): an intrinsic viscosity of 0.4 to 1.5 dL/g, (2) a melt viscosity of 700 to 5,000 Pa·s, (3) a molecular weight distribution of 2.5 to 12.0; and (4) a glass transition temperature of 90° C. or higher and a cooling crystallization exotherm peak of 5 J/g or lower. The polyester resin of the present invention is excellent in heat resistance, transparency, mechanical properties, moldability and fabrication qualities and useful for producing shaped articles such as films, sheets, hollow containers and foamed products.

Abstract: Acrolein polymer from acrolein and one or more polyhydric alcohols, characterized by release of monomeric acrolein in aqueous systems and hence by a prolonged effect on microorganisms, is prepared by adding acrolein to a reaction medium containing catalyst in dissolved form, and not allowing the temperature of the reaction medium to rise about 50.degree. C. The acrolein polymer may be used in aqueous systems as a biocide.

Abstract: Oil resistant adhesive compositions and nonwoven articles comprising an adhesive prepared from polymeric dimer fatty acid polyamide resins which are especially suited for use in the elastic attachment of disposable nonwoven products and particularly for leg or waist bond closures for disposable products such as diapers are disclosed.

Abstract: Hardeners for elastic epoxy resin systems, obtained by reaction of(A) reaction products of epoxide compounds (A1) with sterically hindered amines (A3), and/or(B) cyclic carbonates prepared from the compounds (A) and carbon dioxide, and/or(C) cyclic carbonates prepared from reaction products(C1) of epoxide compounds (C11) with polyoxyalkyleneamines (C13) and carbon dioxide, and, if desired(D) additional epoxide compounds or unreacted residues of the initial epoxides for the preparation of (A), (B) and (C), with(E) polyamines having at least two secondary amino groups, and(F) if desired, further reactants, each of the epoxide compounds (A1) and (C11) containing at least two epoxide groups, and it being possible for monoepoxides to be admixed in each case, if desired.

Abstract: A urea-resin composition comprising a urea-formaldehyde reaction product, cellulose material, and at least one substance selected from the group cosisting of .alpha.-amino acid, powdered collagen and gelatin. The present invention provides urea-resin compositions which, having a property to harden under heating, are themselves biodegradable and have sufficient physical properties to be applied for practical purposes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for stabilizing unstable terminals of a crude oxymethylene copolymer, wherein use is made of an extruder comprising a casing having a supply inlet and an extrusion outlet which casing has at least two rotation shafts extending longitudinally through the extruder in which a melting zone, a terminal stabilization reaction zone and a volatile matter exhaustion zone are consecutively arranged from the supply inlet toward the extrusion outlet, wherein the terminal stabilization zone has a plurality of kneading elements having a thickness of from 0.1D to 0.

Abstract: Polymers which contain polyacetal blocks are obtainable by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the polymers with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids and, if required hydrolyzing the ester groups present as polymerized units, process for the preparation of the polymers containing polyacetal blocks by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the resulting polyacetals containing terminal hydroxyl groups with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, and the use of the resulting polymers as additives in phosphate-free and reduced phosphate detergents and cleaning agents, as scale inhibitors and as dispersants for pigments.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing a moldable polyethylene terephthalate or modified polyethylene terephthalate having an inherent viscosity greater than 0.6 dL/g comprising reacting the diacid component with the diol component such that a combination of a titanium-based catalyst and a phosphorus-based catalyst is used during the polycondensation steps.

Abstract: In preparing a polyacetal copolymer through copolymerization of trioxane as the principal monomer with a cyclic ether or cyclic formal having at least one carbon-carbon bond as the comonomer, 0.05 to 100 ppm (on the weight basis), based on the total amount of the monomers, of a heteropoly-acid or an acidic salt thereof is used as a polymerization catalyst, and a liquid mixture preliminarily prepared by mixing at least part or the whole of the comonomer with the polymerization catalyst is added to trioxane to effect copolymerization. According to such the process, the polymerization yield and the degree of polymerization (molecular weight) are enhanced, and a polyacetal copolymer having an improved stability can be obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which n is a number in the range from 1 to 100; X is --R.sup.7 --, --CO--, --CO--CO--, --CO--R.sup.2 --CO--, --CO--NH--R.sup.5 --NH--CO--, --CO--O--R.sup.6 --O--CO-- or ##STR2## where p is a number in the range from 0 to 6, X' is O or a direct bond, E is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, phenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 phenylalkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, and E' is hydrogen or is as defined for E;Z, when X is R.sup.7, is O or NR.sup.1 ; Z, when X is ##STR3## is O; and Z, in all other cases, is O, NH or NR.sup.1 ;R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 phenylalkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkanoyl, benzoyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl-substituted benzoyl;R.sup.2 and R.sup.7 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkylene; C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkylene which is interrupted by O or S; phenylene; a mixed aromatic/aliphatic radical containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms; naphthylene; or an --R.sup.4 --D--R.sup.4 -- radical;R.sup.

Abstract: Process for continuous preparation of homo- and copolyoxymethylenes with stable end groups in a homogeneous phase, in which in a tubular reactor with static mixing elements cyclic formaldehyde oligomers are polymerized in the presence of protonic acids as initiators in amounts of 0.005 to 500 ppm in a polymerization zone, in which the residence time of the reaction components in this zone is 0.1 to 10 min and in which the initiator is deactivated immediately after polymerization, there being a fluid transition between the polymerization and deactivator zones which is determined solely by the addition of deactivator, and in which, besides deactivation, stabilization of the chain ends is carried out in the presence of residual monomers, with the volatile constituents being removed from the reaction mixture in a subsequent vent unit. Stabilization is carried out in the presence of alkaline substances, either at temperatures of 150.degree. C. to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: A moulding composition based on linear polyoxymethylene copolymers and customary additives with a melt index MFI (2,16 kg, 190.degree. C.) of .ltoreq.0,8, preferably .ltoreq.0,5 and especially .ltoreq.0,2 g/10 min has an extraordinary high toughness, which eliminates an addition of elastomer modifiers. In its preparation Lewis acids or protonic acids are used as initiators.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a polymer in which in situ polymerization of monomers takes place in the presence of a catalyst, in which the monomers are obtained by in situ activation of precursor monomers.According to the invention a premature polymerization is avoided, but polymerization only starts at the desired moment.

Abstract: Novel thermosetting resin compositions are disclosed which comprise a 2,7-dioxo-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nona-3,8-diene compound and at least one other reactive, polymerizable monomer which has at least two functional group substituents which contain active hydrogen atoms or multiple bonds between adjacent atoms. The thermosetting resins, upon application of heat, give crosslinked, cured products having good properties.

Abstract: Methods for forming magnetic coatings on a nonmagnetic substrate include the application of a liquid film layer onto the substrate, the film layer being a dispersion of magnetic particles in a liquid resin binder solution which contains trioxane. The trioxane may or may not be removed from the cured layer. Thus, the trioxane may be present as a reactive solvent for the resin binder, in which case, a polymerization initiator for the trioxane is also present in the liquid film layer. The trioxane may then be polymerized in situ on the substrate to yield poly(oxymethylene).

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved adhesive composition for wood gluing, comprising a formaldehyde condensation resin and a minor amount of a surface active agent. This invention further provides a method for manufacture of composite wood products comprising applying an adhesive composition, which includes a formaldehyde condensation resin and a small amount of a surface active agent, to the wood and curing the adhesive.

Abstract: Acetal polymer having a high degree of polymerization is obtained using a catalyst of a heteropoly acid or an acid salt thereof in a small amount. The catalyst is represented by formula:H.sub.x [M.sub.m .multidot.M'.sub.n O.sub.l ]yH.sub.2 O (1)whereinM: a central element constituted of at least one member selected from among P, B, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb, U, Mn, Re, Cu, Ni, Ti, Co, Fe, Cr, Th and Ce,M': at least one ligand element selected from among W, Mo, V and Nb, m: 1 to 10, n: 6 to 40, l: 10 to 100, x: an integer of 1 or above, and y: 0 to 50.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic organic substance having a triaryl methane structure and a free radical concentration of methine carbon positions of at least 10.sup.17 radicals/g, preferably at least 10.sup.18 radials/g, is provided by polycondensing a condensed polynuclear aromatic compound or an electron donating group substituted monocyclic aromatic compound with an aromatic aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst, to produce a precondensate having a softening point between 30.degree. C. and 120.degree. C. and being soluble in various organic solvents, and subjecting the resulting precondensate to a dehydrogenation treatment and a purification treatment, followed by molding.

Abstract: There is disclosed a biaxially oriented film formed of film forming composition comprising a polyoxymethylene polymer in which the major constituent of the main chains of said polymer each of consists substantially of repeating units of oxymethylene group --CH.sub.2 --O--, said film being characterized in that, when said film is remelted at a temperature above the melting point of said film and the resulting melt is recrystallized isothermally at 140.degree. C. into a solid in film form, the number of polyoxymethylene spherulites in the crystal structure at the surface of the resulting film would be at least 50 per 0.1 mm.sup.2 area of the resulting film surface, as measured with a polarizing microscope through cross-polarizers, and a process for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: There are provided new elastomeric copolymers of about 15 to 45 mol %, preferably about 25 to 35 mol % trioxane, about 55 to 85 mol %, preferably about 65 to 75 mol % of 1,3-dioxolane, said mol percents based on the total of trioxane and 1,3-dioxolane, and about 0.005 to 0.15 wt. %, preferably about 0.05 to 0.12 wt. % of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether or butadiene diepoxide as a bifunctional monomer, based on the total weight of copolymer. The elastomeric copolymers may be prepared by mixing said monomers in a substantially dry state and under an inert atmosphere with a cationic polymerization catalyst, e.g., p-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate. The elastomeric copolymers have a strong interaction with moldable, crystalline acetal polymers comprising at least 85 mol % of polymerized oxymethylene units and may be used as a blending agent with such crystalline acetal polymers or as a bonding agent to improve the adhesiveness of the crystalline acetal polymer to other materials.

Abstract: Acetal polymer and copolymer are prepared by polymerizing formaldehyde or its cyclic oligomer as a principal monomer, or copolymerizing the principal monomer with a comonomer copolymerizable therewith, using an isopoly acid or an acid salt thereof as a polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: There are provided new elastomeric copolymers of about 15 to 45 mol %, preferably about 25 to 35 mol % trioxane, about 55 to 85 mol %, preferably about 65 to 75 mol % of 1,3-dioxolane, said mol percents based on the total of trioxane and 1,3-dioxolane, and about 0.005 to 0.15 wt. %, preferably about 0.05 to 0.12 wt. % of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether or butadiene diepoxide as a bifunctional monomer, based on the total weight of copolymer. The elastomeric copolymers may be prepared by mixing said monomers in a substantially dry state and under an inert atmosphere with a cationic polymerization catalyst, e.g, p-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate. The elastomeric copolymers have a strong interaction with moldable, crystalline acetal polymers comprising at least 85 mol % of polymerized oxymethylene units and may be used as a blending agent with such crystalline acetal polymers or as a bonding agent to improve the adhesiveness of the crystalline acetal polymer to other materials.

Abstract: A polyacetal resin is manufactured by an improvement whereby a polyacetal resin having a melt index (MI) of 0.3.about.5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biaxially oriented film of a polyoxymethylene polymer having the main part of each of the main chains thereof substantially composed of repeating units of the oxymethylene group, --CH.sub.2 --O--, which biaxially oriented polyoxymethylene polymer film is characterized by the fact that the crystallinity thereof measured by the density method is in the range of 75 to 95% and the degree of crystal orientation measured by the X-ray diffraction method in the two directions of end and edge are each in the range of 80 to 98%. This film possesses a high modulus of elasticity, outstanding dimensional stability, and low equilibrium water absorption ratio and, therefore, it is particularly suitable as a base film of a magnetic recording medium. This film is produced by accurately controlling the orientation conditions and other processing conditions.

Abstract: An improved method of stabilizing a polyoxymethylene copolymer, which comprises(1) heat-melting a crude copolymer of trioxane and a cyclic ether and/or a cyclic acetal to form a first stabilized copolymer having a decomposition ratio (D.sub.220.sup.60), determined when it is heated at 220.degree. C. for 60 minutes in vacuum, of up to 2% by weight, and then(2) bringing the first stabilized copolymer into contact with steam containing 0.01 to 5% by weight of a basic compound at a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. but not exceeding the melting point of the copolymer to form a second stabilized copolymer.

Abstract: Low Tg copolymers of trioxane and 1,3-dioxolane which have a dioxolane content greater than 65 mol percent and less than about 75 mol percent and an IV of from about 1.0 to about 2.3, and which are non-crystalline at room temperature or above, are disclosed. These polymers, when blended with crystalline oxymethylene polymers, improve the latter's impact properties. They can also be used as adhesives for crystalline oxymethylene polymers.