Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing a polyethylene naphthalate from a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid represented by the following formula (I) and a glycol, in the presence of one or more compounds of glycol-soluble magnesium compounds, glycol-soluble manganese compounds, and glycol-soluble zinc compounds; a nitrogen-containing basic compound; and a phosphorous compound; which method comprises adding a glycol-soluble germanium compound of a limited amount, as a polymerization catalyst, at a limited relationship between amounts of said metal compound, the said nitrogen-containing basic compound, and the said phosphorous compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester adhesive compositions which exhibit increased melt viscosity and improved adhesion comprised of residues of terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol and having reacted therewith or copolymerized therein the residue of a phosphite ester compound and optionally containing a phenolic antioxidant. Also disclosed are articles coated with the polyester compositions and bonded laminate articles based on the compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermoplastic polyester with reduced flammability obtained by:(a) condensating an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an alkylene glycol in a mole ratio of from 1:1.1-1.5 at a temperature of from 180.degree. to 240.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst;(b) adding a polyalkylene glycol phosphate ester;(c) polycondensating at a temperature of from 265.degree. to 280.degree. C. under a pressure decreasing from 760 torr to less than 2 torr until an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.5 to about 0.7 is reached.

Abstract: A halogen free casting resin suitable for covering electron devices with a fire retardant material contains an acidic ester of an hydroxy-functional phosphor compound and an organic anhydride. A stable mixture can be generated from the acidic ester and the hardener component of the casting resin, and further used for the hardening of epoxides resins. The acidic ester is chemically integrated in the epoxide resin matrix in a stable mixture, thereby improving the long term fire-retardancy of the casting resin molding compound without increasing the volatility of the mixture.

Abstract: Monoalkyl phosphinate and monoalkyl phosphonate derivatives of low molecular weight water soluble polymers are preferentially prepared by copolymerizing hypophosphorous acid, monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid(s) and an effective amount of a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to new phosphorus-containing duromers of oligophosphites and epoxides or bisacrylates or unsaturated polyesters.

Abstract: A method of preparing polyester materials comprising polymerizing a mixture comprising a diol and a stabilized diester of a naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Novel nonlinearly optically active polymers, well suited for electrooptical applications, are prepared by copolymerizing a first difunctional monomer with a second difunctional comonomer, with at least one of such difunctional monomers including a polar charge transfer moiety containing at least one electron acceptor group and at least one electron donor group (D), and further wherein the polymerizable functional groups are borne by the one or more electron donor groups (D).

Abstract: The present invention enables production of an aromatic polyester film having no surface defect and a uniform thickness, while achieving a high productivity, by allowing a molten film of an aromatic polyester to adhere onto a rotating cooling drum to cool the molten film. The molten film has electrical properties characterized by a relatively small AC volume resistivity and has excellent basic properties necessary for adhering onto the rotating cooling drum.

Abstract: A continuous direct esterification and polycondensation process is disclosed for the production of polyester comprising units of ethylene terephthalate as the major repeating units by supplying a slurry of mainly terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol to bis(betahydroxyethyl) terephthalate or its oligomer so as to carry out esterification, followed by polycondensation whereby the resulting oligomer is kept under increasingly reduced pressure, characterized in that a stabilizing solution of an aliphatic diol containing a diethyl or tributhyl phosphite and a hindered phenolic phosphonate is added to the reaction mixture before the start of the polycondensation.

Abstract: The invention is a polyester and a method for producing a polyester filament which has a combination of flame resistance and low pilling properties. The method comprises forming a polyester polymer from a mixture of two polymers, the first compound being the reaction product of terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate, ethylene glycol, and an oxysilicon compound and the second compound being the reaction product of terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate, ethylene glycol and a phosphinic acid in the amount between 0.5 and 20 mole percent of the terephthalate acid and monomer. In particular, the invention also comprises the enhanced fiber formed by the process, as well as the fabrics having a pilling of about 3 to less than 5 as measured in accordance with ASTM D-3512-82.

Abstract: An amphiphilic polymer, having the monomer unit structure A, B, C, or D: ##STR1## wherein R is at least one H and C.sub.1-6 alkyl, k=1-4, m=4-30, n=2-50 and x=2-500. ##STR2## wherein p and q are, independently, 0-22, and the sum of p and q is 4-22; ##STR3## wherein r and s are, independently, 0-22, and the sum of r and s is in the range 2-44, Ar is a divalent aromatic radical; and compounds in which the ester group in compounds A, B, C and D is replaced by an amide, urea, urethane, ether or carbonate. These compounds are useful for disrupting lipid membranes, as surfactants and dispersing agents and in the treatment of viral, bacterial and fungal diseases.

Abstract: Poly(butylene terephthalate) copolyester advantageous of use as sheath materials in bicomponent fibers are prepared by a process for preparing a high-molecular weight, linear copolyester by condensing 40-85 molar percent of terephthalic acid optionally in the form of a dialkyl ester, half of which component can optionally be replaced by another dicarboxylic acid also optionally in the dialkyl ester form, and 60-15 molar percent of a blend of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate with an alkanediol of 2-6 carbon atoms in its carbon chain, at an elevated temperature in the presence of a conventional catalyst, in a first condensation stage which is an interesterification or esterification stage and a second condensation stage which is polycondensation stage, whereby a copolyester melt is produce. The process comprises, before or during the first condensation stage, adding 0.005-0.1 molar percent, based on the total acid component, of a C.sub.6 -aryl or C.sub.

Abstract: The invention is a polyester and a method for producing a polyester filament which has a combination of flame resistance and low pilling properties. The method comprises forming a polyester polymer from a mixture consisting essentially of terephthalate acid or dimethyl terephthalate, ethylene glycol, a chain branching agent having a functionality of at least 3 and a phosphinic acid in the amount between 0.5 and 20 mole percent of the terephthalate acid and monomer. In particular, the invention also comprises the enhanced fiber formed by the process, as well as the fabrics having a pilling of about 3 to less than 5 as measured in accordance with ASTM D-3512-82.

Abstract: The invention is a polyester and a method for producing a polyester fiber which has a combination of flame resistance and low pilling properties. The method comprises forming a polyester fiber made from a blend of two polyester polymers, one polyester polymer containing an oxysilicon compound and the second polyester polymer containing pentaerythritol and a phosphinic acid in the amount between 0.5 and 20 mole percent of the terephthalate acid and monomer. In particular, the invention also comprises the enhanced fiber formed by the process, as well as the fabrics having a pilling of about 3 to less than 5 as measured in accordance with ASTM D-3512-82.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester adhesive compositions which exhibit increased melt viscosity and improved adhesion comprised of residues of terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol and having reacted therewith or copolymerized therein the residue of a phosphite ester compound and optionally containing a phenolic antioxidant. Also disclosed are articles coated with the polyester compositions and bonded laminate articles based on the compositions.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of polyaromatic compounds in which an aromatic dichloro compound, optionally in the presence of an anhydrous aprotic solvent, is reacted with metallic zinc, manganese or magnesium in the presence of a catalyst system of(1) from 0.1 to 25 mol-% (based on the dihalogen compound) of a nickel salt, nickel complex salt or nickel complex,(2) from 2 to 100 mol per mol of nickel in (1) of a triarylphosphine and optionally(3) from 0.1 to 10 mol per mol of nickel (1) of a halide, sulphate or phosphate of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, zinc, magnesium or manganese.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of phosphorus-containing compounds, specifically cyclic organophosphorus compounds, as carbodiimidization catalysts in the preparation of open-celled flexible polyurethane foam for the purpose of controlling foam density and providing softer foams. foams that are softer and of lower density can be prepared with significantly reduced quantities of blowing agents in comparison to foams prepared in the absence of such phosphorus-containing compounds. Additionally, use of such catalysts provides for a reduced reaction exotherm during the preparation of the foam thereby minimizing foam discoloration or scorching. Preferred phosphorus-containing compounds are the 1-alkyl-1-oxophospholenes, especially 1-methyl-1-oxophospholene.

Abstract: A polyether-ester block copolymer, and filaments formed therefrom, having an enhanced thermal stability of the elastic property thereof and a satisfactory dyeing property, comprises a polymerization product of (A) an acid component comprising as a major ingredient, terephthalic acid, (B) a phosphonium sulfate component comprising a compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Z.sub.1 =tri- or more valent aromatic or aliphatic group, A.sub.1 =ester-forming group, A.sub.2 =H or ester-forming group, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 =alkyl or aryl radical and n=a positive integer, (C) a polymeric glycol component comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol having an MW of 400 to 6000 and (D) a monomeric glycol component comprising, as a major ingredient, 1,4-butane diol, in which the copolymer component (B) is in an amount of from 0.

Abstract: Disclosed are copolyesters comprising an acid component of 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid and a glycol component comprising 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and ethylene glycol. The copolyesters exhibit unusually high tensile strength.

Abstract: Disclosed are copolyesters comprising an acid component of 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid and a glycol component comprising 1,6-hexanediol and 1,4-butanediol. The copolyesters exhibit unusually high tensile strengths.

Abstract: A flame resistant polyester produced by addition and copolymerization of a phosphorus compound represented by general formula (I) below as a diol component of the polyester in an amount of 500 ppm or more in terms of phosphorus atom content in the polyester, which polyester has alkylene terephthalate units as main repeating units and which has an intrinsic viscosity of not less than 0.5 measured at 20.degree. C. in a mixture of equal weight of phenol and tetrachloroethane: ##STR1## where E is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, Ar is an aromatic group or an aromatic group substituted by a lower alkyl group or a halogen atom, and m and n denote, respectively, integers the sum of which is from 1 to 20.

Abstract: Segmented thermoplastic copolyesters having elastomeric properties, containing from 25% to 80% by weight of short-chain polyester units derived from dicarboxylic acids and a diol, and from 20 to 70% by weight of long-chain polyester units derived from dicarboxylic acids and poly(alkylene oxide)-glycols in which at least 10% by weight of the poly-(alkylene oxide)-glycols has a molecular weight lower than 300, and a C/O ratio within the range of from 1.8 to 4.3.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrodeposition process which comprises electrodepositing onto a conducting substrate a coating composition comprising a self-crosslinking polymeric resin which has an average of at least two pendent hydroxy functional groups and an average of at least two pendent ester groups of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl or aryl groups; n is from about 1 to about 5; X is nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus; and when X is nitrogen or phosphorus, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or an aryl group; R.sup.4 is lower alkyl or an aryl group; and when X is sulfur, R.sup.4 is nothing and R.sup.3 is either hydrogen, lower alkyl or aryl.

Abstract: A linear copolyester, useful as a flame retardant agent, contains in its macromolecule units derived from:(a) terephthalic acid;(b) (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)-alkylene glycol;(c) phenyl-hydroxymethylene phosphinic acid, in a mutual ratio comprised within the range of from 1:1:0.2 to 1:1:1, and is obtained by placing a linear polyester derived from terephthalic acid and a (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)-alkylene glycol into contact with a poly(phenylhydroxymethylene phosphinate) (I): ##STR1## wherein: Ph is the phenyl radical;R is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; andD is from 2.5 to 100,under melting conditions, and for a contact time not longer than about 30 minutes.

Abstract: This invention relates to coating compositions which comprise a polymer having at least two hydroxy functional groups and a crosslinking agent having an average of at least two pendent ester groups of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl or aryl groups; n is from about 1 to about 5; X is nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus; and when X is either nitrogen or phosphorus, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or an aryl group; R.sup.4 is lower alkyl or an aryl group; and when X is sulfur, R.sup.4 is nothing and R.sup.3 is either hydrogen, lower alkyl or aryl.

Abstract: An aqueous printing ink or its semi-aqueous or non-aqueous concentrate exemplified as comprising a substantially homogeneous system of the components:(1) from about 4 to about 80 weight % of one or more polyester materials having an acid component of from about 75 to about 84 mole % isophthalic acid and conversely from about 25 to about 16 mole % 5-sodiosulfoisophthalic acid, and having a glycol component of from about 45 to about 60 mole % diethylene glycol and conversely from about 55 to about 40 mole % 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or ethylene glycol or mixtures thereof;(2) from about 0 to about 60 weight % of pigment material;(3) from substantially none to about 90 weight % of water; and(4) from about 0.25 to about 5 weight % of a diacyl-glycerophospholipid.

Abstract: A polyester, wherein pendent phosphorus atoms are bound to the main chain of the polyester, having an excellent flame resistance and a high intrinsic viscosity can be stably produced without deteriorating the properties of said polyester by preliminarily copolymerizing a polyester with a specific unsaturated compound and then reacting the unsaturated bond thus-formed with a specific phosphorus compound having a P-H bond.

Abstract: Quick-crystallizing polyester compositions comprising a mixture consisting or consisting essentially of a polyester thermoplastic resin and of 0.1-10% by weight of a nucleant selected from polymeric-base salts, or mixtures of salts, of alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals of the formula:M--(OOC--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --COO--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.m (OOC--Z--COOY).sub.n (ABRX) (1)whereinM is an alkali or alkaline-earth metal;Y is a group --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --,--(CH.sub.2).sub.4 -- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --;Z is a group --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --, or a group --(CH.sub.2).sub.q --, q being an integer from 7 to 10;A is an anion selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulphonate, sulphinate, phosphonate, phosphinate;B may be a single bond or a group selected from the group consisting of --CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --;R is an arylene radical containing from 1 to 3 aromatic rings or a heterocyclic ring;X is a hydrogen atom or a group --COOM or --COO(CH.

Abstract: New polyesters are provided, having advantageous utility as dual function binder/charge agents in electrostatographic toner particles. The new polyesters contain a quaternary phosphonium salt comprising a cationic portion and an anionic portion, wherein the cationic portion comprises a phosphonium atom directly covalently bonded to at least one aryl moiety substituted with a group containing an ester linkage to the rest of the polyester, and wherein the anionic portion of the salt comprises an arylsulfonate moiety in which the aryl group is unsubstituted or is substituted with one or more alkyl, halide, or group having an ester linkage to the rest of the polyester.

Abstract: An improved copolyester fiber capable of being dyed with cationic dyes and having an excellent brightness, heat resistance and a satisfactory mechanical strength comprises a copolyester resin comprising a polymerization product of at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound, at least one alkylene diol compound and at least one quaternary phosphonium organic sulfonate of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A=an aromatic or aliphatic radical, X.sup.1 =H or an ester-forming organic radical, X.sup.2 =an ester-forming organic radical, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 =an alkyl or aryl radical, n=1 or more, and having an [.eta.].sub.f of 0.5 or more, the copolyester fiber having a silk factor of 25 or more and exhibiting the number of scission of backbone chains of the copolyester molecules of 140.times.10.sup.23 or less per 10.sup.6 g of fiber when wet heat-treated in a solution of 0.4 g/l of acetic acid in distilled water at 130.degree. for 60 minutes.

Abstract: An oligomer flame-retarding additive can be defined by the general formula ##STR1## wherein: R is the hydrogen atom, or a linear or branched alkyl radical, containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms;m takes the value 1, 2 or 3;n takes a value, or an average value, comprised within the range of from 2 to 50.Such an additive is obtained by means of the oligomerization of a hydroxyalkylenephenylphosphinic acid or of a related alkyl ester thereof.According to another form of practical embodiment, the flame-retarding additive is the product of co-oligomerization of a hydroxyalkylenephenylphosphinic acid, or of a related alkyl ester thereof, with a phenylphosphonic acid or a related alkyl ester thereof.Such oligomer additives are used for endowing a linear polyester with self-extinguishing characteristics.

Abstract: Halogen- and/or phosphorus-containing polyols-polyesters obtained by esterification and transesterification of the residues from the process for producing dimethyl terephthalate with a polyol at least 5% by weight of which is constituted by a glycol having the formulaHO--R--OHwherein R is a halogen- and/or phosphorus-containing aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic or alkyl-aromatic radical. Said halogen- and/or phosphorus-containing polyesters-polyols are used for the production of fire-resistant polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A biocompatible polyester comprising repeating units derived from glycerophosphorylcholine or glycerophosphorylethanolamine and at least one di- or poly-functional acid or reactive derivative thereof is haemocompatible and may be used in components for handling body fluids and in prostheses.

Abstract: A process for preparing a nylon block copolymer which comprises bringing into reactive contact lactam monomer, basic lactam polymerization catalyst and a composition containing one or more lactam functional materials selected from the group represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein, Q is ##STR2## with Y=C.sub.3 -C.sub.11 alkylene; b is an integer equal to 2 or more;R.sub.1 is an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkyloxy, halogen, aryloxy, or aralkyloxy group;Z is a segment of: (1) a polyether, provided said polyether is not solely polyarylene polyether; (2) a polyester containing polyether or polymeric hydrocarbon segments (3) a hydrocarbon; (4) a polysiloxane; or (5) combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing extended chain polyesters, and block or graft polyester or copolyesters by forming an intimate mixture of one or more polyesters and an effective amount of one or more phosphite compounds, and thereafter heating the intimate mixture at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form the desired amount of the desired polyester or co-polyester.

Abstract: Primary or secondary amino substituted hindered phosphites of the formula ##STR1## are prepared by reaction of the appropriate phosphorus and phenol compounds, said hindered phosphites being useful as stabilizers of organic polymers and lubricating oils.

Abstract: A layered oxide containing vanadium together with phosphorus or arsenic and an organic group may be prepared which has a unique layered structure of the formula: VORAO.sub.3.nS or VOROAO.sub.3.nS where A is phosphorus or arsenic, S is a solvent molecule, R is an unsubstituted or alkyl-, alkoxy- or aryl-substituted alkyl or aryl group, and n is zero or a positive number. These layered compounds are characterized in that the vanadium is substantially in a 4+ oxidation state and is present in an amount such that the molar ratio of A:V ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 throughout the oxide. Also the R groups are covalently bound to an A atom in the vanadium oxide layer directly through either carbon or oxygen atoms.

Abstract: A flameproof linear polyester is described containing, copolymerized in the molecule, a phosphorus compound of formula: ##STR1## where R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group, and R' is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyalkyl group or the group --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H, where n varies from 1 to 4. Said linear polyester is prepared by firstly forming a low molecular weight precondensate from a dicarboxylic aromatic acid (or a relative lower alkyl diester) and an alkylene glycol, and then polycondensing in the presence of said phosphorus compound, in such a quantity as to obtain a content of phosphorus (expressed as the metal) in the linear polyester of between 0.4 and 0.8% by weight. The linear polyester thus obtained can be formed into articles such as fibres, film, sheets and other articles which, besides being flameproof, possess improved dyeing characteristics.

Abstract: A primer coated oriented polyester film is disclosed wherein the primer coating comprises a polyester comprising a branched chain phosphorus-containing polymer which is the reaction product of at least one dicarboxylic reactant, at least one diol or polyoxyalkylene glycol and a phosphorus acid reactant. Preferred species include isophthalic acid as the dicarboxylic reactant, diethylene glycol as the diol or polyoxyalkylene glycol and phosphoric acid as the phosphorus acid reactant. The polyester primer coating may be applied to the polyester film before or during the stretching operations. The resultant primed polyester film is found to provide excellent adhesion to many aqueous or organic solvent based printing inks subsequently applied thereto.

Abstract: A polyester composition with an excellent high-speed melt-spinning property, comprising(A) 100 parts by weight of a matrix polyester resin comprising at least 80 molar % of an ethylene terephthalate recurring unit, and(B) 0.2 to 7 parts by weight of a dispersoid dispersed in the matrix,the dispersoid being such that, when it is contained in a predetermined amount (w) in a typical matrix polyester resin consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.640, the resultant exemplary polyester composition satisfies the relationship (I): ##EQU1## wherein: .gamma..sub.1 =shearing rate of 0.01 sec.sup.-1 ; .gamma..sub.2 =shearing rate of 5.0 sec.sup.-1 ; .eta..gamma..sub.1 (w)=melt viscosity (poise=1/10 N.multidot.sec.multidot.m.sup.-2) of the exemplary polyester composition at .gamma..sub.1 ; .eta..gamma..sub.1 (0)=melt viscosity of matrix polyester resin at .gamma..sub.1 ; .eta..gamma..sub.2 (w)=melt viscosity of the exemplary polyester composition at .gamma..sub.2 ; and .eta..gamma..

Abstract: A polymeric antistatic agent suitable for use in a polyester fiber, the antistatic agent is a polyester containing azelaic acid units and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol units, and capped polyether units where the cap is ##STR1## and X is 12 to 16. The antistatic agent preferably contains tetra alkyl phosphonium isophthalate units. Polyester fibers containing these antistatic agents is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing phosphoric acid group containing polyester resins with substantially total linkage of the phosphoric acid or derivative thereof into the resin system. The process is characterized in that at least 0.1, preferably 0.2 to 1.5, moles/kg of phosphor in the form of a polyphosphoric acid and/or an acidic phosphoric acid ester of mono- or polyhydric alcohol based on the polyacid of the final product is esterified with the other reactants in a 40 to 80 percent by weight of solids containing solution of one or more diluents inert towards the raw materials employed. The reaction is carried to the substantial total linking of the phosphoric acid into the resin system and to an intrinsic viscosity of 3.0 to 25.0 ml/g (DMF, 20.degree. C.).

Abstract: A process for the post condensation of poly(alkylene terephthalate) in the solid phase is carried out in the presence of esters of phosphorous acid at 25.degree.-65.degree. C. below the melting point of the poly(alkylene terephthalate) while passing an inert gas stream through the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Phosphonopolyester oligomers are prepared from hydroxyalkylated 2,2',-bis(3-allylphenyl-4-hydroxy) alkanes and phosphonyl dihalides. The oligomers are useful in the preparation of polyester resins, epoxy resins, and polyurethanes.

Abstract: A fast crystallizing polyester wherein the polyester has an intrinsic viscosity of greater than 0.3 and at least 90 mole % of the repeating units of the polyester are residues obtained from aromatic diacids or hydroxyacids and aliphatic diols characterized in that at least some of the acid end groups of the polyester have the formula --Y.sup.- M.sup.+ where M is an alkaline metal ion and Y is an anion selected from carboxylate, sulphinate, phosphinate, phosphate, sulphonate, phosphite and borate ions, which ionized end groups have been produced during polymerization of the polyester by either:(a) copolymerizing units derived from materials of formula X--R--Y.sup.- M.sup.+ wherein X is a group capable of being polymerized onto the polyester chain, R is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic group, or(b) polymerizing the polyester in the presence of an alkaline metal salt or corresponding base,the concentration of groups of formula Y.sup.- M.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to oligomeric and/or polymeric radiation-reactive precursor stages of polymers on the basis of heterocycles and has the objective to make available radiation-reactive precursor stages of this kind in which the problems arising due to the need of using organic solvents are eliminated. For this purpose, the invention provides addition products of cyclic carboxylic-acid anhydrides with hydroxyl group-containing compounds, where the hydroxyl group-containing compounds represent addition products of olefinically unsaturated monoepoxides on carboxyl group-containing prepolymers of polyimides, polyisoindoloquinazoline diones, polyoxazine diones and polyquinazoline diones or on amino group-containing prepolymers of polyimidazoles and polyimidazopyrrolones or on hydroxyl group-containing prepolymers of polyoxazoles. The radiation-reactive precursor stages according to the invention are suited, for example, for the manufacture of highly heat-resistant relief structues.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of highly heat-resistant relief structures with a base of polymers of heterocyclic structure by applying radiation-sensitive soluble polymer precursor stages in the form of a film or foil to a substrate, irradiating the film or foil through negative patterns with actinic light or by deflecting a light, electron or ion beam, removing the non-irradiated film or foil portions and, optionally, by subsequent annealing, as well as to the use of relief structures prepared in this manner.

Abstract: Cohalogenation of unsaturated polyesters containing pendant unsaturation and a dicyclopentadienyl ester of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid is carried out at room temperature or lower to simultaneously and selectively halogenate the non .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturation. These materials have utility in plastics, such as fire-retardant castings.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyesters modified with a norbornene functional compound, such as dicyclopentadiene, and containing a phosphonate group cure into fire retardant plastics.