Abstract: High molecular weight aromatic polyamides with pendant carboxyl groups.

Abstract: Rigid, amorphous copolyamides which can be produced in a single-stage polycondensation reaction with a high glass transition temperature and low water absorption capacity, based on cycloaliphatic diamines, dimerized fatty acids and aromatic dicarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Rigid, amorphous copolyamides, which can be produced in a single-stage polycondensation reaction, having a high glass transition temperature and low water absorption capacity, consisting essentially of cycloaliphatic diamines, dimerized fatty acids, and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, and a method for the manufacture thereof.

Abstract: Polyamides of the general formula [N(A)-X-N(B)-CO-Y-CO-].sub.n are described, in which Y denotes a divalent group, X a divalent radical whose chain contains at least two carbon atoms, A and B independently of one another denote H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.26 alkyl group and n denotes an integer greater than 4. The said polyamides contain at least one alkyl group of C.sub.6 to C.sub.26 per repeating unit. The groups X and/or Y contain at leat one CH.sub.2 group in the chain. The polyamides are prepared by reaction of a diamine of the formula NHA-X-NHB with an about equimolar amount of a reactive derivative of a dicarboxylic acid of the formula COOH-Y-COOH. The polyamides obtained can be used in order to prepare highly ordered monomolecular LB films on a support. For this purpose, the polyamide is dissolved in a volatile organic solvent which is immiscible with water and the solution is spread on the water/air interface.

Abstract: Diamines having a 1,1,3-trimethylphenylindane dicarboxylic moiety linked on both sides to phenylene diamine by an amide bond (PIDA diamines) are disclosed. By reacting these diamines with aromatic difunctional acid derivatives, amorphous polymers having high glass transition temperatures (Tg) can be prepared. If aliphatic diacid derivatives are used the resulting polymers have a lower Tg, but have the advantage of melt-processability. The PIDA-diamines can also be used in the preparation of polyimides, being reacted either with tri-or tetracarboxylic anhydrides or with imide group-containing acid derivatives.

Abstract: Melt-processible aromatic polyamides are obtained by reacting certain N,N'-isophthaloyl bis(lactam) compounds with certain aromatic diamines.

Abstract: A high strength fibrid-floc sheet is made of a floc which can be carbon, aramid or glass. The fibrids are made from the following units: ##STR1## where n is 4 or 5; X is from 0.03 to 0.30 and Ar is a radical selected from 3,4'-oxydiphenylene, 4,4'-oxydiphenylene, 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1-methyl-2,4-phenylene, and mixtures of such radicals with each other or mixtures of such radicals with up to 50 mol percent of 1,4-phenylene radicals based on the mixtures of radicals.

Abstract: Aromatic copolyamides, preparation thereof and structures formed therefromThere are described aromatic copolyamides which are soluble in organic solvents for polyamides and which comprise at least 95 mol % of recurring structural units of formulae ##STR1## and up to 5 mol % of meta-bonded structural units E and/or F derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids (E') and/or from aromatic diamines (F'), the sum total of the mole fractions of structural units A+E and the sum total of the mole fractions of structural units B+C+D+F being essentially of equal magnitude.The copolyamides of the present invention can be processed into fibers having high strengths and high breaking extensions.

Abstract: The invention is a process for making novel branched polybenzazole polymers and the polymers formed thereby. Novel compounds are also disclosed that are useful as branching agents in making the branched polybenzazole polymers. The branched polymers synthesized by the process can be formed into strong, light articles such as fibers and films.

Abstract: A preferred class of polyimide oligomers include (1) linear, difunctional crosslinking oligomers prepared by condensing an imidophenylamine end cap with a lower alkylene diamine or a polyaryldiamine such as 3,3'-phenoxyphenylsulfone diamine and with a dianhydride, particularly 4,4'-phenoxyphenylsulfone dianhydride; and (2) multidimensional, crosslinking, polyimide oligomers having an aromatic hub and at least two radiating arms connected to the hub, each arm including a crosslinking imidophenylamine end cap at its distal end and at least two imide linkages.Blends, prepregs, and composites can be prepared from the oligomers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for the preparation of polyimide-isoindroquinazolinediones and precursor thereof. These polymers are useful as heat-resistant electric insulation materials, surface coating films for electronic instrument parts and especially suitable for manufacturing a photoresist. The above precursor is produced by reacting a an alkylenebistrimellitate dianhydride, a diaminoamide compound and the other amine. The precursor is readily dehydrated and ring-closed to produce polyimide-isoindroquinazolinedione, which is often conveniently conducted by producing a varnish of the precursor, applying it onto adequate substrates such as silicon wafers, glass plates, metal plates, etc. and then subjecting the coated film to dehydration. The resulting films have excellent physical properties such as good adherence, high tensile strength, low elasticity, etc.

Abstract: Polyamide advanced composites are formed by the condensation of diacid halides (or dicarboxylic acids) and diamines in a linear or multidimensional morphology with crosslinkable end caps that provide improved solvent-resistance. The diamines and diacid halides generally include "sulfone" linkages in aryl chains to impart the desired combination of physical properties to the oligomers, prepregs, and composites. Linear oligomers have mono- or difunctional crosslinking end caps at the ends of polyarylamide chains. Multidimensional oligomers have a hub and three or more radiating amide arms, each arm having a mono- or difunctional crosslinking end cap at its distal end.

Abstract: Polyimide precursor compositions incorporating at least one compound of fula (1), at least one compound of formula (2), at least one compound of formula (3) and at least one compound of formula (4) ##STR1## in which one of the groups R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom and the other, in the same way as the groups R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which can be the same or different, in each case represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, m is a number between 5 and 20, n is an integer between 1 and 5 and R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 16 carbon atoms, or a group of formula R.sup.6 --O-- in which R.sup.6 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms. The preferred composition contains 30 to 70% by weight of dry matter of compounds of formulas (1), (2) and (3), in which the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and one of the groups R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a methyl or ethyl group and the compound of formula (4) is benzyl alcohol.

Abstract: Azole rings, such as oxazole and thiazole rings, can activate an aromatic ring bonded to a leaving group such as a halogen atom so that the aromatic ring will undergo aromatic nucleophilic substitution. The reaction is useful for making ethers, thioethers and amines containing azole rings. In particular, monomers having azole rings, activated aromatic rings with leaving groups and nucleophilic moieties can react under conditions of aromatic nucleophilic displacement to form non-rigid rod PBZ polymers. The non-rigid rod PBZ polymers can be used to form molecular composites with rigid rod PBZ polymers which molecular composites are not substantially phase separated.

Abstract: An aligning agent for liquid crystals containing a polyamino acid having no optical activity.

Abstract: Aromatic copolyamides are described which are soluble in organic polyamide solvents and contain at least 95 mol % of repeating structural units of the formulae ##STR1## and up to 5 mol % of structural units E and/or F containing m-bonds and being derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids (E') and/or aromatic diamines (F'), the sums of the molar proportions of structural units A+E and the molar proportions of structural units B+C+D+F being essentially the same. In these formulae, --Ar-- is a divalent aromatic radical whose valence bonds are in the para or comparable coaxial or parallel position, --R is hydrogen, lower alkyl radicals, lower alkoxy radicals or halogen, and R' is a direct bond, a polymethylene chain of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, --O--, --S--, --CO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, or a group of the formula --O--Ar'--O--, in which Ar' has the same meanings as Ar.

Abstract: New wholly aromatic polyamides are provided. This polymers are prepared by a mixture of N,N'-bis(4-aminophenyl)-isophthalamide and p-phenylenediamine in a tertiary amide solvent containing an alkali metal salt such as LiCl and a tertiary amine as an acid acceptor. The polymers are easily dry-jet spun to form a fiber and cast to form a film. The fiber and film so obtained have ultrahigh tenacity, elasticity and elongation.

Abstract: This invention provides synthetic routes for novel single isomers of monocarbamate diols and their polymerization to provide novel polyesters, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, and the like having pendant carbamate groups on the polymer chain. Devices using some of these novel polymers which demonstrate nonlinear optical activity are also disclosed.

Abstract: Partly aromatic copolyamides contain as essential componentsA) 40-90% by weight of units derived from terephthalic acid and hexamethylenediamine,B) 0-50% by weight of units derived from .epsilon.-caprolactam andC) 0-60% by weight of units derived from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine,the components B) and/or C) accounting for a total of not less than 10% by weight of the total units and the copolyamide having a triamine content of less than 0.5% by weight.

Abstract: Thermoprocessible aramid matrix polymer based composites have high flex and short beam shear strengths and low moisture uptake.

Abstract: The present invention provides polyamide-polyimide and polybenzoxazole-polyimide polymers derived therefrom with improved processing and film characteristics having incorporated into the polymeric backbone the polymeric condensation residuum of novel aromatic diamino compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of SO.sub.2, O, S, CO, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroarylalkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a carbon-carbon double bond directly linking the two aromatic groups, and R is hydrogen.The polyamide-polyimide polymers of this invention are prepared by reacting compounds of the above formula, alone or admixed with other aromatic diamines, with one or more aromatic tetracarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof. Polybenzoxazole-polyimide derivatives of such polyamide-polyimide.

Abstract: Copolyamides are prepared by a continuous process in which(a) an aqueous solution of salts of equimolar amounts of diamines and dicarboxylic acids is passed, under superatmospheric pressure and with simultaneous evaporation of water, through a tubular precondensation zone with formation of a vapor phase and a prepolymer at above the melting point of the prepolymer,(b) the vapor phase is separated from the prepolymer melt,(c) the vapor phase is separated in a column into steam and an aqueous diamine solution, and the aqueous solution containing diamines is recycled to the polymerization,(d) the prepolymer melt is mixed with molten caprolactam at polyamide-forming temperatures, and(e) the mixture of prepolymer and caprolactam is passed downward through a vertical polymerization tube at polyamide-forming temperatures and a copolyamide is obtained.

Abstract: High molecular weight aromatic polyamides with pendant carboxyl groups.

Abstract: The reactivity of aromatic copolyamide fiber and film is enhanced by incorporation of small amounts of 4,4'-diaminodiphenic acid units in the polymer chain.

Abstract: The instant invention involves a process for producing continuous polybenzimidazole films. The process is comprised of the following steps:(a) preparing a solvent solution of a polybenzimidazole polymer;(b) continuously casting the solution upon a support;(c) evaporating a sufficient amount of the solvent to form a self-supporting film in an oven;(d) washing the film in a nonsolvent;(e) removing the film from the support; and(f) continuously collecting the continuous film.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer comprised of the N,N-bis(biarylyl)aniline charge transport polymers of the formula ##STR1## wherein A and B are independently selected from bifunctional linkages; Z is alkylenedioxy, arylenedioxy, or substituted derivatives thereof; R and R' are alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, or halogen; x and y are mole fractions wherein x is greater than 0 and the sum of x and y is equal to 1.0; a and b are the numbers 0, 1 or 2; and n represents the number of monomer units.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of poly-(1,4-benzamide) in admixture with SiO.sub.2 by polycondensation of 4-aminobenzoic acid in the presence of SiCl.sub.4 in 1,3-dimethyltetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone in the presence of salts, such as lithium chloride or calcium chloride.

Abstract: Thermally polymerized copolyamino acids are used to make a biologically compatible self-sealing skin.

Abstract: Aromatic copolyamides, soluble in organic polyamide solvents, comprise at least 95 mol % of the recurrent structural units of the formulae ##STR1## and up to 5 mol % of structural units containing m-bonds. Here, --Ar--and --Ar'-- are divalent, unsubstituted or substituted aromatic radicals, the valency bonds of which are in the para-position or in a comparable coaxial or parallel position, and --R is a lower alkyl radical.

Abstract: Aromatic copolyamides, soluble in organic polyamide solvents, comprise at least 95 mol % of the recurrent structural units of the formulae ##STR1## and up to 5 mol % of structural units containing m-bonds. Here --Ar--is a divalent, unsubstituted or substituted aromatic radical, the valency bonds of which are in the para-position or in a comparable coaxial or parallel position, and --R--and --R' are different from one another and are lower alkyl radicals or lower alkoxy radicals.

Abstract: Polymer compositions comprising poly(benzhydrolimide) chains ending with ethylenic unsaturated groups complying with the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is a divalent aromatic radical and R a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical. They can be prepared by reacting, under imidation condition, at least one primary diamine with at least one benzydrol 3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid, a bis (ortho-acid-ester) or a tetraester of such acid and with an anhydride, an acid-ester or a diester of dicarboxylic cycloaliphatic acid with ethylenic unsaturation. These compositions may be converted to cross-linked polymides by thermal polyemrization. They can be used in particular for manufacturing composite materials, adhesives, molded articles and protective coatings withstanding high temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides polyamide-polyimide and polybenzoxazole-polyimide polymers derived therefrom with improved processing and film characteristics having incorporated into the polymeric backbone the polymeric condensation residuum of novel aromatic diamino compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of SO.sub.2, O, S, CO, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroarylalkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a carbon-carbon double bond directly linking the two aromatic groups, and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy.The polyamide-polyimide polymers of this invention are prepared by reacting compounds of the above formula, alone or admixed with other aromatic diamines, with one or more aromatic tetarcarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof. Polybenzoxazole-polyimide derivatives of such polyamide-polyimide polymers are prepared utilizing compounds of the above formula wherein R is hydroxy or C.

Abstract: A copolyimide foam comprising the reaction product of one or more of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid and a compound of the formula: ##STR1## where x is an integer from 1 to 12 and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl a mixture thereof with two or more diamines at least one of which being a heterocyclic diamine having a nitrogen atom in the ring and the other being a para- or meta-substituted aromatic diamine free of aliphatic substitution.Processes for producing the above copolyimide foam are also disclosed.

Abstract: An adhesive copolyamide composition having a dry powder DSC melting point of at least 100.degree. C., a glass transition temperature above 60.degree. C., a dry powder softening point of at least 100.degree. C., preferably a water content after storage in water of more than 20% by weight, and a wet softening point of less than 100.degree.. Such compositions exhibit softening points and heat resistances in excess of 100.degree. C. and can be processed and set at substantially lower temperatures. No low molecular weight additives are required nor are any solvents necessary. The compositions are comparable in their heat-resistance, softening points, and bond strength to conventional high performance hot melt adhesives.

Abstract: A patterned thin film suitable for use in electric and electronic devices, prepared from a polymer or a mixture of the polymer and other known compounds capable of forming a thin film by LB technique, said polymer having linear recurring units wherein an organic group R.sup.1 having at least 2 carbon atoms and a valence of at least 2 is combined alternately with an organic group R.sup.2 having at least 2 carbon atoms and a valence of at least 2 through a bivalent group formed by a reaction of an acid group A containing a hetero atom and a basic group B containing a hetero atom, and wherein a hydrocarbon-containing group R.sup.3 having 10 to 30 carbon atoms which may contain a substituent group, is linked by covalent or ionic bond to said recurring units, the number of groups R.sup.3 being at least 2 per 10 recurring units.

Abstract: This invention discloses a unique process for the preparation of N-substituted phenyl polybenzimidazole polymers from unsubstituted polybenzimidazole polymers. An unsubstituted polybenzimidazole polymer is first reacted with an alkali hydride to produce a polybenzimidazole anion which is then reacted with a substituted or an unsubstituted phenyl fluoride to produce N-substituted phenyl polybenzimidazole polymer. The N-substituted phenyl polybenzimidazole polymer produced by this process can be formed into a wide range of products, such as membranes, films resins or fibers. The produce can be designed to meet special applications by the choice of the substitutent. These N-substituted phenyl polybenzimidazole polymers can be utilized for numerous applications including reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, electrodialysis, ion exchange and affinity chromatography.

Abstract: The instant invention involves a process for producing continuous polybenzimidazole films. The process is comprised of the following steps:(a) preparing a solvent solution of a polybenzimidazole polymer;(b) continuously casting the solution upon a support;(c) evaporating a sufficient amount of the solvent to form a self-supporting film in an oven;(d) washing the film in a nonsolvent;(e) removing the film from the support; and(f) continuously collecting the continuous film.

Abstract: High molecular weight thermotropic aromatic copolyesteramides which can be molded/extruded into useful shaped articles having improved mechanical properties are comprised of recurring structural units of the formulae (I), optionally (II), (III) and (IV): ##STR1## and have yield temperatures ranging from 200.degree. to 350.degree. C.

Abstract: Highly soluble, optically transparent to clear aromatic polyimides in the visible range are disclosed. The dianhydrides from which the polyimides are prepared are 4,4'-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethylidene] bis(1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride) which can be partially replaced with either pyromellitic dianhydride or 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The diamines from which the polyimides are prepared are m- or p- phenylene diamines which are substituted ortho to the amino groups with primary or secondary alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms preferably methyl or ethyl.

Abstract: There is provided an aromatic polyamide having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is -O-, -S-, -CO- or -SO.sub.2 - and y has a value of 1 or 2. Also provided is an aromatic polyamide having repeating units of the formula: ##STR2## and a new composition of matter 3-[4-(3-aminophenoxy benzoyl)phenoxy] benzoic acid.

Abstract: It has been determined that the mechanical and thermal properties of polyesters can be improved by incorporating hydroxyalkyl trimellitic imides therein. Such polyesters are comprised of repeat units which are derived from (a) at least one diacid component, (b) at least one diol component, and (c) at least one hydroxyalkyl trimellitic imide.

Abstract: This invention discloses a unique process for the preparation of N-substituted polybenzimidazole polymers from unsubstituted polybenzimidazole polymers. An unsubstituted polybenzimidazole polymer is first reacted with an alkali hydride to produce a polybenzimidazole anion which is then reacted with a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or alkenyl methyl halide to produce an N-substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl polybenzimidazole polymer. The substituted polybenzimidazole polymer produced by this process can be formed into a wide range of products, such as membranes, films, resins or fibers. The product can be designed to meet special applications by the choice of the substituent. These substituted polybenzimidazole polymers can be utilized for numerous applications including reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, electrodialysis, ion exchange and affinity chromatography.

Abstract: A transparent polyamide containing terephthalic acid radicals or radicals of the mixture of terephthalic and isophthalic acids and a cycloaliphatic diamine radical and having the chain formations: ##STR1## in which: y.sub.1 +y.sub.2 is between 10 and 200 with y.sub.1 /(y.sub.1 +y.sub.2)>0.5;m, p, m' and p' are whole numbers equal to or greater than zero, such that: ##EQU1## is between 0.5 and 10, taken statistically over the marcomolecule; Z and Z' are the same or different and are either a polymethylene segment --(CH.sub.2)--.sub.

Abstract: An optically active polymer comprises recurring units of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein l is an integer of 5-1000, n is an integer of 1-3, m is an integer of 2-20, and * denotes the location of an asymmetric center. The optically active polymer has a good mutual solubility with a low-molecular weight mesomorphic compound and is easily mixed with the latter to provide a uniform liquid crystal composition which shows ferroelectricity and better film formability and stability than the low-molecular weight mesamorphic compound alone.

Abstract: Novel tetraglycidates have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl, or cycloalkylidene of 5 to 7 carbon atoms. Epoxy resin systems exhibiting good tensile properties and moisture sensitivity can be made by copolymerizing the tetraglycidates with a polyamine curing agent. Prepregs can be made by combining the epoxy resin systems with a fiber reinforcement. The epoxy resin system may include a co-epoxide.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for the preparation of substituted polybenzimidazole polymers by reacting an unsubstituted polybenzimidazole polymer with a pyrocarbonate to produce an oxyformulated polybenzimidazole polymer. The oxyformulated polybenzimidazole polymer can be heated to convert it to an N-substituted polybenzimidazole polymer. Membranes, fibers and other products produced from the products of these reactions are highly resistant to chemical reactions with broad utility as fibers or membranes.

Abstract: Polyamide advanced composites are formed by the condensation of diacid halides (or dicarboxylic acids) and diamines in a linear or multidimensional morphology with crosslinkable end caps that provide improved solvent- resistance. The diamines and diacid halides generally include "sulfone" linkages in aryl chains to impart the desired combination of physical properties to the oligomers, prepregs, and composites. Linear oligomers have mono- or difunctional crosslinking end caps at the ends of polyarylamide chains. Multidimensional oligomers have a hub and three or more radiating amide arms, each arm having a mono- or difunctional crosslinking end cap at its distal end.

Abstract: A polymer has a linear recurring unit in which a first organic group (R.sub.1) having at least two carbon atoms and a valence of at least three and a second organic group (R.sub.2) having at least two carbon atoms and a valence of at least two are bonded together alternatively through a divalent connecting group, and containing at least one hydrocarbon group (R.sub.3) having 10 to 30 carbon atoms which is linked to the recurring unit by an ionic bond and which may be substituted.

Abstract: A process for producing cyanoethyl derivatives of hydroxyethylated polybenzimidazole is provided. The process comprises the steps of preparing an hydroxyethylated polybenzimidazole solution, mixing with that solution a base with a pka of at least 9 to form an hydroxyethylated polybenzimidazole anion and reacting the anion with acrylonitrile to produce a cyanoethyl derivative of the hydroxyethylated polybenzimidazole polymer. The derivative can be formed into ultrafilters, ion exchange membranes and for other such separatory articles.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polymeric amides are disclosed which have utility as hot melt adhesive compounds. The compounds are the reaction product of a polyoxyalkylene diimide diacid and a diamine.