Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed relate to a method of forming a polypeptide. The method includes contacting a first amino acid-derived N-thiocarboxyanhydrosulfide monomer as a crystalline solid with a polymerization initiator (e.g., in an alkane suspension) to give a polypeptide product. The method further includes contacting the polypeptide product with a second amino acid-derived N-thiocarboxyanhydrosulfide monomer in an alkane suspension.

Abstract: A solution composition for forming an oxide semiconductor includes a metal oxide precursor, and one of a metal thioacetate and a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A method for the polymerization of ?-lipoic acid and ?-lipoic acid derivatives includes preparing an ?-lipoic formulation, exposing the ?-lipoic formulation to an aqueous phase and a gaseous phase at a gas/water interface, and allowing the ?-lipoic formulation to polymerize at the gas/water interface to form a poly(?-lipoic acid) polymer. The ?-lipoic formulation can be an ?-lipoic solution of an ?-lipoic solute and an organic solvent miscible with water, and can also be an ?-lipoic acid or oligomer or polymer thereof in liquid (typically melt) form.

Abstract: Novel photoactive polymers, as well as related photovoltaic cells, articles, systems, and methods, are disclosed.

Abstract: A new process is provided for preparing nitrile rubbers by free-radical polymerization in an organic solvent and in the presence of specific modifier substances. This polymerization may be followed by hydrogenation to give likewise new hydrogenated nitrile rubbers, the hydrogenation advantageously taking place likewise in organic solvent. The optionally hydrogenated nitrile rubbers obtained are notable for having fragments of the employed modifier substances in the main polymer chain and/or as end groups. They can be prepared with a wide diversity of molecular weights and polydispersity indices, especially with very low polydispersity indices.

Abstract: The invention concerns apolymer of the formula (I): wherein: M1 is an optionally substituted dithienophthalimide formula (II): wherein: X is N or C—R, wherein R is H or a C1-C40 alkyl group, R2, at each occurrence, is independently selected from H, a C1-40 alkyl group, a C2-40 alkenyl group, a C1-40 haloalkyl group, and a monocyclicor polycyclic moiety, wherein: each of the C1-40 alkyl group, the C2-40 alkenyl group, and the C1-40 haloalkyl group can be optionally substituted with 1-10 substituents independently selected from a halogen, CN, —NO2, OH, NH2, —NH(C1-20 alkyl), N(C1-20 alkyl)2, —S(O)2OH, —CHO, —C(O)—C1-20 alkyl, —C(O)OH, —C(O)—OC1-20 alkyl, —C(O)NH2, —C(O)NH—C1-20 alkyl, —C(O)N(C1-20 alkyl)2, —OC1-20 alkyl, —SiH3, —SiH(C1-20 alkyl)2, —SiH2(C1-20 alkyl), and —Si(C1-20 alkyl)3; and the monocyclic or polycyclic moiety can be covalently bonded to the imide nitrogen via an optional linker, and can be optionally substituted with 1-5 substituentsindependently selected from a halogen, oxo, —CN, —NO2, OH,

Abstract: Novel semiconducting photovoltaic polymers with conjugated units that provide improved solar conversion efficiency and can be used in electro-optical and electric devices. The polymers exhibit increased solar conversion efficiency in solar devices.

Abstract: A polyamide modified by a compound including a sulfonate group, as well as a method for preparing the polyamide and to articles obtained from said modified polyamide are described. A modified polyamide obtained from a mono-functional aromatic sulfonate compound is also described.

Abstract: A one pot method of preparing cyclic carbonyl compounds comprising an active pendant pentafluorophenyl ester group is disclosed. The cyclic carbonyl compounds can be polymerized by ring opening methods to form ROP polymers comprising repeat units comprising a side chain pentafluorophenyl ester group. Using a suitable nucleophile, the pendant pentafluorophenyl ester group can be selectively transformed into a variety of other functional groups before or after the ring opening polymerization.

Abstract: A polymer, and an organic solar cell including the polymer, include a repeating unit A represented by Chemical Formula 1, and a repeating unit B represented by Chemical Formula 2.

Abstract: A polymer, and an organic solar cell including the polymer, include a repeating unit A represented by Chemical Formula 1, and a repeating unit B represented by Chemical Formula 2.

Abstract: A resist composition comprising a compound (m0) (wherein Rb1 represents an electron withdrawing group; Rb2 and Rb3 each independently represents an aryl group, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, provided that Rb2 and Rb3 may be mutually bonded to form a ring with the sulfur atom; and X0? represents a monovalent counteranion).

Abstract: The embodiments provided herein are directed to methods and systems for generating a customized functionalized substrate. In particular, the embodiments provided herein generate a customized functionalized substrate that can be used for a variety of applications and a variety of chemical and other reactions, processes and methodologies, by modifying a disulfide bond-containing feedstock through the introduction of a disulfide bond breaking material.

Abstract: Conjugated polymers and small molecules including the nonplanar aromatic 1,6-methano[10]annulene ring structure along with aromatic subunits, such as diketopyrrolopyrrole, and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, substituted with alkyl chains in a “Tail In,” “Tail Out,” or “No Tail” regiochemistry are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein are pre-formulations forming a biocompatible hydrogel polymer comprising at least one nucleophilic compound or monomer unit, at least one electrophilic compound or monomer unit, and optionally a therapeutic agent and/or viscosity enhancer. In some embodiments, the biocompatible hydrogel polymer covers a wound in a mammal and adheres to the surrounding skin tissue. In other embodiments, the hydrogel polymer is delivered into a joint space to treat joint disease or navicular disease.

Abstract: Novel semiconducting photovoltaic polymers with conjugated units that provide improved solar conversion efficiency that can be used in electro-optical and electric devices. The polymers exhibit increased solar conversion efficiency in solar devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer compound represented by the following Formula (1) and a method for production thereof, a pigment dispersant, a pigment dispersion composition, and a photocurable composition respectively using the polymer compound, and a color filter and a method for production thereof [R1: an organic linking group having a valency of (m+n); R2: a single bond or a divalent organic linking group; A1: a monovalent organic group containing at least one moiety selected from an organic dye structure, a heterocyclic structure, an acidic group, a group having a basic nitrogen atom, a urea group, a urethane group, a group having a coordinating oxygen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms, an alkoxysilyl group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, and a hydroxyl group; m=1 to 8, n=2 to 9 (m+n=3 to 10); and P1: polymer skeleton].

Abstract: A ?-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic oligomer-containing vinyl monomer is generally provided, which can include a polymerizable group, a linker group, and a ?-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic side chain. The ?-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic side chain includes a first cyclopentadiene ring covalently attached to the linder group, a set of second cyclopentadiene rings covalently attached to the first cyclopentadiene ring, and a third cyclopentadiene ring positioned at a terminal end of the ?-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic side chain such that the set of second cyclopentadiene rings is positioned between the first cyclopentadiene ring and the third cyclopentadiene ring. Methods are also provided for forming a polymer via polymerizing the ?-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic oligomer-containing vinyl monomer, and for grafting a ?-conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic oligomer-containing polymer onto a surface of a nanomaterial.

Abstract: Compositions, synthesis and applications for furan, thiophene and selenophene derivatized benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b?]dithiophene(BDT)-thienothiophene (BDT-TT) based polymers, namely, poly[(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethyhexyl)selenophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b?]dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene)-2-6-diyl (CS-15), poly[(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethyhexyl)selenophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b?]dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl (CS-16), poly[(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethyhexyl)furan-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b?]dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl (CS-18) and poly[(4,8-bis(5-hexylfuran-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b?]dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene)-2-6-diyl (CS-24) are disclosed. Further, an organic solar cell constructed of a derivatized benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b?]dithiophene(BDT)-thienothiophene (BDT-TT) based polymer is discussed.

Abstract: Provided is a thioepoxide functional polymerizable composition comprising a reaction product of thiourea and an epoxide functional, polymerizable composition. The epoxide functional, polymerizable composition comprises a reaction product prepared from a reaction mixture comprising: (a) a monomer comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated ester functional monomer having an epoxide functional group; and (b) a compound having two or more thiol groups. The reactants (a) and (b) are reacted via a Michael addition reaction in the presence of a base to form an epoxide functional reaction product. Also provided are methods of preparing an optical article using the polymerizable compositions.

Abstract: In an aspect, a binder for a lithium battery electrode, a binder composition including the binder, and a lithium battery including the binder are provided.

Abstract: Fibers can be formed from monomers derived from a biorenewable source. In an embodiment, a fiber forming composition that includes a monomer or mixture of monomers with at least one monomer being derived from a biorenewable source in placed in a fiber producing device. At least a portion of the fiber forming composition is ejected through an opening of the fiber forming device. The ejected fiber forming composition is subjected to light at wavelengths sufficient to activate a reaction which causes solidification of the fiber as the fibers are ejected from the fiber producing device.

Abstract: High molecular weight disulfide polymers are synthesized in aqueous media by exposing dithiol compounds to a mild oxidizing environment in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst. The unique oxidizing system polymerizes monomers through the formation of sulfur-sulfur bonds between dithiol compounds. The same oxidizing system may be used to make disulfide-crosslinked gels from compounds containing multiple thiol groups. The oxidizing system is comprised of oxygen at atmospheric concentration and dilute hydrogen peroxide. A filler such as carbon black may be incorporated into the polymer or cross-linked gel during polymerization. A polydisulfide polymer is provided having a weight average molecular weight of greater than about 100,000 g/mol and a polydispersity index of about 2 or less. A tetrathiol composition results from a reaction of a diacrylate with a trithiol.

Abstract: There is provided compounds of formula I, ambipolar semiconductor material derived from such compounds and devices comprising such ambipolar semiconductor material.

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to provide a resin, which has a high refractive index, excellent heat resistance and moldability, and high transparency, and is useful as a material for configuring optical devices, etc. The invention provides a resin comprising acyl hydrazone bonds and having a number average molecular weight of 500-500,000, wherein the acyl hydrazone bond equivalent is 100-4000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blend of sulfo-modified copolyester wherein the diacid is aromatic or cyclic and polyglycolic acid. The blend of sulfo-modified copolyester and polyglycolic acid can be used to prepare containers with good transparency and high gas barrier properties. The preferred sulfo-modified copolyester composition comprises terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. A method of preparing a blend of sulfo-modified copolyester and polyglycolic acid is disclosed, as well as master batch processes. The present invention also relates to a method of making a container wherein the sulfo-modified copolyester is blended with the polyglycolic acid at an injection molding machine used to make preforms, which are then blown into bottles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a poly(ethersulfonimide or ethersulfonamide) copolymer using cyclic oligomers, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a poly(ethersulfonimide or ethersulfonamide) copolymer by preparing a cyclic ether sulfone oligomer and a cyclic imide or amide oligomer and subjecting the cyclic ether sulfone oligomer and the cyclic imide or amide oligomer to ring-opening copolymerization in the presence of an alkali metal fluoride catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the cleavage of one or more starting polymers having thiocarbonylthio groups of the formula (I) into derived polymers in which the —S—(C?S)— group is transformed. The process includes contacting the starting polymer containing groups Yb with one or more reagents containing groups Xa to produce the derived polymer and a byproduct containing the groups Yb, wherein the groups Xa is one or more reactive groups and the groups Yb is an extracting group and a byproduct, which is then separated from the derived polymer by conventional separation processes. The derived polymer is free from odor or color that is sometimes associated with the starting polymer and it can be used in making optical lenses, such as high refractive index spectacle lenses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and PHAs obtained by the said process and the use of the said PHAs. The PHAs of the present invention, called PHACOS, have a novel monomeric composition, as they contain monomers with thioester groups in the side chain that confer new physicochemical properties and allow subsequent chemical modification.

Abstract: Disclosed are certain polymeric compounds and their use as organic semiconductors in organic and hybrid optical, optoelectronic, and/or electronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, light emitting transistors, and field effect transistors. The disclosed compounds can provide improved device performance, for example, as measured by power conversion efficiency, fill factor, open circuit voltage, field-effect mobility, on/off current ratios, and/or air stability when used in photovoltaic cells or transistors. The disclosed compounds can have good solubility in common solvents enabling device fabrication via solution processes.

Abstract: A method for preparing a water-soluble polyamide, includes copolymerizing reactive monomers including caprolactam; ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)ether or ethylene glycol bis(3-aminopropyl)ether; and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt, wherein a molar ratio of caprolactam:ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)ether or ethylene glycol bis(3 -aminopropyl)ether:5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt is about 0:1:1 to about 5:1:1, advantageously about 1.85:1:1. Copolymerizing takes place at a copolymerization temperature of about 222-250° C. and a copolymerization pressure of about 3 Bar. The method further includes maintaining a temperature of about 222-250° C. for about 2-3 hours under normal pressure after the copolymerization step. The water-soluble polyamide has a solubility in water of about 10-70%.

Abstract: Provided is a polymerizable composition of (a) a monomer composition including ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a ?-epithiopropyl functional group; (b) optionally, a compound having two or more ?-epithiopropyl functional groups but no polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups; (c) an isourea functional polymerization initiator; and (d) a catalyst for reaction between the ?-epithiopropyl functional groups. Also provided is a method of reducing the yellowness index of a sulfur-containing polymerizate prepared by addition polymerization, the method including reacting in the presence of an isourea functional polymerization initiator and a catalyst for reaction between ?-epithiopropyl functional groups, a polymerizable composition of: (a) a monomer composition including ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a ?-epithiopropyl functional group; and, optionally, (b) a compound having two or more ?-epithiopropyl functional groups but no polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups.

Abstract: Described is the preparation of sulfonated polyoxadiazole polymers with a high degree of sulfonation and good flammability properties. The polymers are useful in articles such as fibers.

Abstract: A method of polymerization for the preparation of conjugated polymers and copolymers comprising dioxypyrrole and/or dioxyfuran repeating units involves the halogen, N-haloimide, or N-haloamine promoted polymerization of monomers and/or oligomers comprising one or more dioxypyrrole and/or dioxyfuran units. The polymerization can be carried out over a wide range of temperatures and can be carried out with or without a solvent. The monomers allow the preparation of polymers having an oligomeric repeating unit comprising a conjugated unit other than a dioxypyrrole or dioxyfuran that is bound to two dioxypyrrole or dioxyfuran units.

Abstract: A one pot method of preparing cyclic carbonyl compounds comprising an active pendant pentafluorophenyl ester group is disclosed. The cyclic carbonyl compounds can be polymerized by ring opening methods to form ROP polymers comprising repeat units comprising a side chain pentafluorophenyl ester group. Using a suitable nucleophile, the pendant pentafluorophenyl ester group can be selectively transformed into a variety of other functional groups before or after the ring opening polymerization.

Abstract: The invention relates to functionalized polymers including homopolymers and copolymers and their uses in industrial applications and in agricultural applications. In particular, the homopolymers and copolymers may be, for example, used in polymer blends, used as nutritives and in feed compositions, and used in combination with a pharmaceutical or nutritive.

Abstract: Ionic and ionogenic comb copolymers are disclosed along with personal care products that employ them as a modifier that results in increased sensory attributes and increased effectiveness in the deposition of actives and can also act as a thickening agent. The copolymer includes one or more repeating units derived from olefinically unsaturated anionic or anionogenic or zwitterionic comonomers, and one or more repeating units having the formula in which Y is a moiety forming part of a copolymer backbone, Z is a moiety that exhibits association with other Z moieties or with other moieties within the ultimate formulation in which the copolymer will be employed, and b is a bond or moiety that links the Z moiety to the Y moiety. In certain embodiments, the copolymer also includes repeating units derived from acrylamide monomers, olefinically unsaturated hydrophilic monomers or other olefinically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: Through the use of an improved iron-based redox system it is possible to prepare special new, optionally hydrogenated, nitrile rubbers which feature a more uniform monomer distribution and a lower fraction of long-chain branches and hence are distinguished by enhanced flow properties at the same time as very good properties on processing.

Abstract: A polymer, and an organic solar cell including the polymer, include a repeating unit A represented by Chemical Formula 1, and a repeating unit B represented by Chemical Formula 2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a poly(ethersulfonimide or ethersulfonamide) copolymer using cyclic oligomers, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a poly(ethersulfonimide or ethersulfonamide) copolymer by preparing a cyclic ether sulfone oligomer and a cyclic imide or amide oligomer and subjecting the cyclic ether sulfone oligomer and the cyclic imide or amide oligomer to ring-opening copolymerization in the presence of an alkali metal fluoride catalyst.

Abstract: An optical copolymer comprising: a constituent derived from a sulfated lens monomer of general formula I [PG-R1—NHC(Y)S—R2]n—R3??I PG is a polymerizable group selected from the group consisting of vinyl, acryloyl, acryoyloxy, methacryoyl and methacryoyloxy; acrylamido and methacrylamido; Y is oxygen or sulfur; and n is 2, 3 or 4. Also, R1 is an organic group of one to eight carbon atoms and optionally with one or more oxygen atoms or an aromatic ring. R2 is a bond or an organic group of one to six carbon atoms. R3 is a bond, an organic group of one to ten carbons atoms, carbon, oxygen, sulfur or a disulfide; and a lens monomer. The sulfated lens monomer is derived from a first component of formula, PG-R1—NC(Y), and a polythiol of formula, R3—[R2—SH]n.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a resist underlayer film forming composition having a selection ratio of dry etching rate larger than that of a resist film and exhibiting a low k value and a high n value at a short wavelength such as that of an ArF excimer laser, and enabling the formation of a resist pattern having a desired shape. When the composition is produced or used, it is required that odor due to a raw material monomer causes no problem. The object is solved by a resist underlayer film forming composition for lithography containing a polymer having in backbone thereof, a disulfide bond (S—S bond), and a solvent. The polymer may be a product of a reaction between at least one type of compound (diepoxy compound) containing two epoxy groups and at least one type of dicarboxylic acid containing a disulfide bond.

Abstract: A new process is provided for preparing nitrile rubbers by free-radical polymerization in an organic solvent and in the presence of specific modifier substances. This polymerization may be followed by hydrogenation to give likewise new hydrogenated nitrile rubbers, the hydrogenation advantageously taking place likewise in organic solvent. The optionally hydrogenated nitrile rubbers obtained are notable for having fragments of the employed modifier substances in the main polymer chain and/or as end groups. They can he prepared with a wide diversity of molecular weights and polydispersity indices, especially with very low polydispersity indices.

Abstract: New monomers, polymers, and blends of polymers with an electron acceptor are provided, e.g., for use in a photovoltaic device. The electron acceptor can be a fullerene derivative and the polymer can comprise monomer units according to the formula: wherein L? is L-C(O)O-J, L-C(O)NR?-J, L-OCO-J?, L-NR?CO-J?, L-SCO-J?, L-O-J, L-S-J, L-Se-J, L-NR?-J or L-CN; L is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; J is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; J? is a group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, being saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, optionally comprising a phenyl unit; and R? is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention is in the field of polymer chemistry. More in particular it provides a method to produce polymers such as block copolymers or cross-linked networks that are suitable for medical applications. The invention also provides degradable materials that may degrade completely when used in the human or animal body, minimizing residual components that may be toxic or otherwise undesirable.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards the synthesis of polymeric drug delivery compositions which would address some of the important and difficult to realize aspects of polymer based drug delivery systems by being, biocompatible, stable, capable of achieving desired drug loading, and safe from accidental release while being non-toxic, easy to fabricate and safe for the environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocurable composition which exhibits excellent adhesiveness not only to thermoplastic resins such as PET and polyimide but also to adherends of metal oxides such as IZO and metals such as gold, more particularly to a photocurable composition which comprises a urethane oligomer (A) having two or more allyl ether and/or vinyl ether groups and a polythiol (B) having two or more thiol groups.

Abstract: There is provided compounds of formula I, ambipolar semiconductor material derived from such compounds and devices comprising such ambipolar semiconductor material.

Abstract: This invention relates to new photoacid generator compounds and photoresist compositions that comprise such compounds. In particular, the invention relates to photoacid generator compounds that comprise base-cleavable groups.

Abstract: Polymeric nanoparticles, microparticles, and gels for delivering cargo, e.g., a therapeutic agent, such as a peptide, to a target, e.g., a cell, and their use for treating diseases, including angiogenesis-dependent diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and cancer, are disclosed. Methods for formulating, stabilizing, and administering single peptides or combinations of peptides via polymeric particle and gel delivery systems also are disclosed.