Abstract: Provided are polyphosphazenes and methods of making and using the polyphosphazenes. The polyphosphazenes can be essentially chloride free. The polyphosphazenes can be phosphazene polyacids. The polyphosphazenes can be used as surface coatings, or as adjuvants when combined with antigens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for modifying polymer particles of an aqueous polymer dispersion in which positively or negatively charged polymer particles are provided with an inorganic salt shell. The inorganic shell leads to an improved drying ability and storage stability of the latex and improves the storage stability of the resulting polymer powder. The obtained polymer powder exhibits an improved viscosity and faster skin-forming time in the final application and is therefore particularly useful in a building material composition.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a polymer for an electronic material having a low content of metal ion impurities and a polymer for an electronic material obtained by such method. The method for producing a polymer for an electronic material according to the present invention comprises a polymerization step of obtaining a polymer by polymerizing a monomer(s) and a purification step of adding a strong acid having 0 or less pKa to the polymer solution and subsequently performing an ion exchange treatment to reduce the concentration of the metal ion impurities.

Abstract: Purification of a poly(phenylene ether) includes contacting a liquid feed solution with a hydrated acidic clay adsorbent under conditions effective to provide a liquid effluent solution. The liquid feed solution includes a poly(phenylene ether), an organic acid impurity, and an amine impurity. The weight average molecular weight of the poly(phenylene ether) of the liquid effluent solution is within 1 percent of the weight average molecular weight of the poly(phenylene ether) of the feed solution, and the concentration of the amine impurity and the organic acid impurity of the liquid effluent solution is reduced by at least 40 percent relative to the concentration of the each impurity in the feed solution. Compositions and articles comprising a purified poly(phenylene ether) are also described.

Abstract: A fractionation system for a polymerization reactor includes a membrane separation system designed to separate light components, such as unreacted monomer and inerts, from diluent. The membrane separation system may employ one or more membrane modules designed to separate hydrocarbons based on size, solubility, or combinations thereof. The fractionation system also may include a heavies fractionation column designed to separate heavy components, such as unreacted comonomer and oligomers, from the diluent.

Abstract: A composition that contains a compound represented by the formula (1) is dissolved in an organic compound, and the composition is purified by using a basic adsorbent that contains at least 15% by mass magnesium and has a volume average particle diameter of 10 ?m to 500 ?m, both inclusive. An undercoat-layer-forming coating liquid is prepared by removing the basic adsorbent and dispersing metal oxide particles in the obtained solution containing the purified form of the composition. An undercoat layer is formed by forming a coat of the undercoat-layer-forming coating liquid and drying the coat.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently and highly selectively preparing a composition comprising a perfluoropolyether having a carboxyl group at one terminal at a higher ratio. The present invention provides a method for increasing a ratio of a perfluoropolyether having a carboxyl group at one terminal, relative to a total amount of the perfluoropolyether having a carboxyl group at one terminal and a perfluoropolyether having carboxyl groups at both terminals in a composition comprising these perfluoropolyethers, wherein the method comprises a step of subjecting the composition to chromatography in which a moving phase is supercritical or subcritical state carbon dioxide of the specific temperature and the specific pressure, and a stationary phase is silica gel to thereby collect a fraction containing the perfluoropolyether having a carboxyl group at one terminal at a higher ratio.

Abstract: The invention extends the utility of apparatus used to extract medicinal cannabis compounds into an eluate by separating a portion of medicinal cannabis compounds contained within a portion of eluate at a first extraction target level providing enough clean solvent to continue extraction operations. A high efficiency concentrator such as a rotary evaporator or a wiped film evaporator processes eluate from one or more tanks or extraction vessels creating clean solvent when extraction targets are met or when clean solvent is exhausted. This manages eluate concentration levels and limits the quantity of concentrated medicinal cannabis compounds on site at any moment in time. The invention enables a business model for keeping medicinal cannabis compounds within a legal system, and reduces pollution because law enforcement would no longer have to burn large quantities of cannabis plant matter.

Abstract: The invention pertains to heterogenous noble metal nanostructures comprising silver salts and different noble metals, and methods for synthesis and use of various nanocomposite materials having silver salts and different noble metals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating a block copolymer solution, wherein the method comprises: providing a solution comprising a block copolymer in a non aqueous solvent; and, treating the solution to remove metals using an ion exchange resin. The invention also relates to a method of forming patterns using the treated block copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of oxymethylene polymers, the oxymethylene polymers obtained therefrom as well as their use.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic epoxy resin including the steps of: (I) reacting a mixture of (a) an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl containing material, (b) an epihalohydrin, (c) a basic acting substance, (d) a non-Lewis acid catalyst, and (e) optionally, a solvent, forming an epoxy resin composition; (II) subjecting the epoxy resin composition produced in step (I) to a separation process to remove (A) “light” components such as, for example, solvent used in the epoxidation reaction, if any, unreacted epihalohydrin, and co-products such as di(epoxypropyl)ether; (B) unreacted aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl containing material, if any; (C) partially epoxidized aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl containing material, such as, for example, MGE; (D) fully epoxidized aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydroxyl containing material, such as, for example, DGE, such that the (E) aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyfunctional epoxy resin product remaining contains no more than 50% by weight of s

Abstract: The present invention provides nano-sized particles of melanin, and the method for formation of the melanin particles comprise the following steps: adding a base to a dopamine.H+X?-containing solution (wherein H+X? is an acid) and allowing an acid-base neutralization reaction; and forming nano-sized particles of melanin by controlling the addition of nucleic dopamine.H+X? (a) to base (b) at a ratio of a:b=1:0.1-1, and allow concurrent or consecutive formation of melanin by oxidation curing of the dopamine in air (polymerization). The manufacturing method according to the present invention can produce nano-sized melanin particles in a short period of time. Furthermore, the nano-sized melanin particles made according to the present invention are distinctive from conventional solvents containing dispersions of natural melanin and synthetic melanin, and have excellent application in various fields.

Abstract: A high yield and high productivity processes for preparing 3-hydroxyglutaronitrile by reacting an epihalohydrin or a 4-halo-3-hydroxy-butanenitrile, or analogous compound containing a different leaving group, with cyanide (CN—) in the presence of water and an ionic liquid. The use of an ionic liquid as a cosolvent with water results in increased productivity and selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aliphatic polycarbonate production method which, using carbon dioxide and an epoxide, easily produces aliphatic polycarbonates having a low metal catalyst content. The invention relates to an aliphatic polycarbonate production method which includes a step of polymerization by reacting carbon dioxide with an epoxide in the presence of a metal catalyst; and a step of treating a polymer obtainable in the polymerization step with a surfactant. High-purity aliphatic polycarbonate having a low metal catalyst content can be easily provided by the aliphatic polycarbonate production method of the invention.

Abstract: The present application provides methods of producing polyanthracene including polymerization of anthracene monomers in the presence of oxidants and reaction solvents. The present application further provides polyanthracene produced by methods described herein that has higher solubility in organic solvents and better thermal stability and ablation resistance.

Abstract: Polymerizable ionic liquid monomers and their corresponding polymers (poly(ionic liquid)s) are created and found to exhibit high absorption of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the microwave and radar bands. These materials are useful for coating objects to make them less reflective of radio frequency radiation and for making objects that absorb radio frequency radiation and are of minimal reflectivity to radio frequency radiation. Free-radical and condensation polymerization approaches are used in the preparation of the poly(ionic liquids).

Abstract: An initiator for cationic polymerization comprises a salt of a protic acid as well as a protic add. The molar ratio of protic acid to salt is in the range from 1:0.01 to 1:2000. The initiator is used for example for cationic homo- or copolymerization of trioxane, and permits stable and flexible operation of the polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating a block copolymer solution, wherein the method comprises: providing a solution comprising a block copolymer in a non aqueous solvent; and, treating the solution to remove metals using an ion exchange resin. The invention also relates to a method of forming patterns using the treated block copolymer.

Abstract: Compositions comprising at least one hole transport material, such as a conjugated polymer, and at least one dopant, providing improved thermal stability. Compositions can be applied to substrates and used in HIL and HTL layers and organic electronic devices such as light emitting devices such as OLEDs or OPVs. The conjugated polymer can be a polythiophene, including a 3,4-substituted polythiophene or a regioregular polythiophene. The dopant can be a silver salt such as silver tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate. Improved methods of making dopant are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to a Salen type ligand including three or more quaternary ammonium salts of nitrate anions, to a trivalent metal complex compound prepared from this ligand and a method of preparing the same, to a method of preparing polycarbonate by copolymerizing an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide using the complex compound as a catalyst, and to a method of separating and collecting the catalyst from the copolymer after copolymerization. This catalyst used to copolymerize an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide can be more simply prepared, and has lower catalyst preparation and recovery costs, and higher activity, compared to conventional catalysts.

Abstract: A micro electromechanical system having incorporated therein a composition of matter consisting of a stable solution containing a polymer derived from a solution of a polymer containing trace metals, the derived method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a polymer solution containing a polymer, a first solvent and trace metals; (b) passing said polymer solution through an acidic cation ion exchange material to remove said trace metals therefrom and thereby forming a polymer solution containing free acid radicals; (c) precipitating said polymer from said polymer solution of step b by contacting with a second solvent wherein the polymer is substantially insoluble therein; (d) filtering said solution and said second solvent to thereby form a solid polymer cake; (e) contacting said cake from step d with sufficient quantities of additional said second solvent in order to remove free acid radicals therefrom; (f) removing any residual first and second solvents from said polymer to form said stable polymer.

Abstract: A method of preparing a multiarm polymer includes reacting a branched polyol with one or more functionalizing reagents to effect substitution of an ionizable functional group or a protected ionizable functional group, Y, to form a mixture comprising (i) unsubstituted branched polyol containing no Y groups; (ii) a monosubstituted polyol comprising one Y group, and (iii) a multisubstituted polyol (e.g., a disubstituted polyol comprising two Y groups); followed by purifying the mixture to separate the monosubstituted polyol from other species Thereafter, a water-soluble and non-peptidic polymer segment is attached to the monosubstituted branched polyol at the site of at least one of the hydroxyl groups. The invention also provides purified monosubstituted branched polyols and multiarm polymers prepared by the method and polyol precursors for use in the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reducing residuals content in a vinyl aromatic polymer, said residuals comprising essentially unpolymerized vinyl aromatic monomer, wherein the vinyl aromatic polymer in the molten state is brought in contact with a solid in powder capable to catalyze the alkylation of said residual vinyl aromatic monomer on the vinyl aromatic polymer. Advantage of the present invention is a sharp reduction of the unpolymerized vinyl aromatic monomer in the vinyl aromatic polymer without generating a new residual and without inducing a colored vinyl aromatic polymer. The present invention also relates to said vinyl aromatic polymer having a low residuals content.

Abstract: Method for the recycling of polyvinyl butyral based on obtaining recycled polyvinyl butyral (PVB) from laminated glass which is shattered and the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is separated. The sheet obtained is cut into pieces and cleaned to eliminate dirt and foreign matter. The solid state PVB is subjected to a first polyvinyl butyral (PVB) purification stage with a chemical treatment with a first reagent and a final chemical treatment with a second reagent. The obtained purified polyvinyl butyral is suitable to be used in the manufacture of laminated glass.

Abstract: The invention provides a depolymerization method for a polymer containing an ester bond in a main chain, by causing a solid acid catalyst to act on a polymer containing an ester bond in a main chain to depolymerize the polymer, thereby obtaining a re-polymerizable monomer and/or oligomer as a depolymerization product, and a method for producing a polymer containing an ester bond in a main chain, by polymerizing the re-polymerizable monomer and/or oligomer obtained by the depolymerization method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for chromatography of a polyolefin polymer by flowing a solution of the polyolefin polymer through liquid flowing through a graphitic carbon liquid chromatography stationary phase. The method can be used to determine the monomer to comonomer ratio of a polyolefin copolymer such as a copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene or a copolymer of propylene and ethylene.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for neutralizing a sulfonated block copolymer with a metal compound, to metal-neutralized block copolymers, and to various articles comprising the metal-neutralized block copolymers, e.g., in form of a water vapor permeable membrane which comprises the metal-neutralized block copolymers. The present disclosure further relates to a means and a method for storing and stabilizing a polar component such as a metal compound in a non-polar liquid phase by immuring the polar component in micelles of the sulfonated block copolymer in the non-polar liquid phase.

Abstract: An improved process for emulsion polymerization of fluoropolymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, employs reduced amounts of fluorinated emulsifiers. The addition of europium III chloride facilitates emulsion polymerization of fluoropolymers having comparable quality to those fluoropolymers made using conventional processes employing greater amounts of environmentally undesirable fluorinated emulsifiers.

Abstract: Interlayer insulating films 5,7 (insulating films) provided in a memory capacitor cell 8 are formed between a gate electrode 3 and a counter electrode 8C formed on a silicon wafer 1. The interlayer insulating films 5,7 comprise a borazine-based resin, having a specific dielectric constant of no greater than 2.6, a Young's modulus of 5 GPa or greater and a leak current of no greater than 1×10?8 A/cm2.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a microemulsion polymerization comprising adding a polymerization catalyst precursor, such as a transition metal complex in the higher of two accessible oxidation states, an ATRP initiator, and an organic solvent to an aqueous solution to form an emulsion. Radically polymerizable monomers and a reducing agent may then be added to the emulsion. The reducing agent converts the catalyst precursor to a catalyst for polymerization of the first monomer from the initiator. In certain embodiments the organic solvent may comprise radically polymerizable monomers. The aqueous solution may comprise a surfactant.

Abstract: A high yield and high productivity processes for preparing 3-hydroxyglutaronitrile by reacting an epihalohydrin or a 4-halo-3-hydroxy-butanenitrile, or analogous compound containing a different leaving group, with cyanide (CN—) in the presence of water and an ionic liquid. The use of an ionic liquid as a cosolvent with water results in increased productivity and selectivity.

Abstract: Purification methods of polyamic acid resin and polyimide resin are provided. The purification methods of polyamic acid resin or polyimide resin includes providing a polyamic acid resin or a polyimide resin containing metal ion impurities. Thereafter, a cation exchange resin is used to react with the polyamic acid resin or the polyimide resin in order to remove the metal ion impurities therein, and a water content in the polyamic acid resin or the polyimide resin is removed to purify the polyamic acid resin or polyimide resin.

Abstract: An initiator for cationic polymerization comprises a salt of a protic acid as well as a protic acid. The molar ratio of protic acid to salt is in the range from 1:0.01 to 1:2000. The initiator is used for example for cationic homo- or copolymerization of trioxane, and permits stable and flexible operation of the polymerization.

Abstract: A method for preparing a lithographic printing plate includes treating a lithographic printing plate precursor including a hydrophilic support and an image-forming layer containing the following (i) to (iii) with an aqueous solution having a buffering ability: (i) a binder polymer comprising a repeating unit having a structure represented by the following formula (1); (ii) an ethylenically unsaturated compound; and (iii) a polymerization initiator, P-L-(CO2H)n??(1) wherein P represents a part constituting a main chain skeleton of the polymer, L represents an (n+1) valent connecting group, and n represents an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing polytrimethylene ether glycols or copolymers thereof having a number-average molecular weight of at least about 250 g/mole by a polycondensation reaction using at least one acid catalyst.

Abstract: A PBI compound includes imidazole nitrogens at least a portion of which are substituted with a moiety containing a carbonyl group, the substituted imidazole nitrogens being bonded to carbon of the carbonyl group. At least 85% of the nitrogens may be substituted. The carbonyl-containing moiety may include RCO—, where R is alkoxy or haloalkyl. The PBI compound may exhibit a first temperature marking an onset of weight loss corresponding to reversion of the substituted PBI that is less than a second temperature marking an onset of decomposition of an otherwise identical PBI compound without the substituted moiety. The PBI compound may be included in separatory media. A substituted PBI synthesis method may include providing a parent PBI in a less than 5 wt % solvent solution. Substituting may use more than 5 equivalents in relation to the imidazole nitrogens to be substituted.

Abstract: Improved multi-block sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer compositions, methods of making the same, and their use as proton exchange membranes (PEM) in hydrogen fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, in electrode casting solutions and electrodes. The multi-block architecture has defined, controllable hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments. These improved membranes have better ion transport (proton conductivity) and water swelling properties.

Abstract: A method for preparing multi-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chlorides from multi-arm PEG polyols is described. The method comprises a process, wherein the multi-arm PEG polyol is reacted with thionyl chloride to form the multi-arm PEG chloride.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for chromatography of a polyolefin polymer by flowing a solution of the polyolefin polymer through liquid flowing through a graphitic carbon liquid chromatography stationary phase. The method can be used to determine the monomer to comonomer ratio of a polyolefin copolymer such as a copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene or a copolymer of propylene and ethylene.

Abstract: A PBI compound includes imidazole nitrogens at least a portion of which are substituted with a moiety containing a carbonyl group, the substituted imidazole nitrogens being bonded to carbon of the carbonyl group. At least 85% of the nitrogens may be substituted. The carbonyl-containing moiety may include RCO—, where R is alkoxy or haloalkyl. The PBI compound may exhibit a first temperature marking an onset of weight loss corresponding to reversion of the substituted PBI that is less than a second temperature marking an onset of decomposition of an otherwise identical PBI compound without the substituted moiety. The PBI compound may be included in separatory media. A substituted PBI synthesis method may include providing a parent PBI in a less than 5 wt % solvent solution. Substituting may use more than 5 equivalents in relation to the imidazole nitrogens to be substituted.

Abstract: This invention is related to a new method of synthesizing polycarbynes. These polymers are known to produce diamond and diamond like ceramics upon heating, by plasma processing, and chemical vapour deposition. The method of synthesizing polycarbynes is characterized by, Placing trihaloalkanes (RCX3) or mixtures of them in any proportion, solvent (2) and electrolyte in a container (1), Application of electricity to electrodes (4) using a suitable power supply (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a precipitation process for removing transition metals from polymer solutions. Specifically, it comprises the removal of transition metal complexes which usually comprise copper from polymer solutions after a completed atom transfer radical polymerization.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polymer product, the method comprising polymerizing conjugated diene monomer, optionally together with vinyl aromatic monomer, within a hydrocarbon solvent by employing a lithium-containing initiator, thereby forming a living polymer cement, where about 0.04 to about 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inexpensive solid-state polymer electrolyte membrane to be used in a solid-state polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which can be manufactured by using inexpensive raw materials through a simpler chemical synthesis process, achieves good heat resistance and demonstrates superior proton conductivity at low humidity. A primary constituent of the solid-state electrolyte polymer film to be used in a solid-state polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention is a hyperbranched polymer having an acidic functional group such as sulfonic acid disposed at the terminal of a side chain thereof. The hyperbranched polymer may be, for instance, poly[(bis(oligo-ethylene glycol) benzoate)].

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing tetrahydrofuran polymer or tetrahydrofuran copolymer by using heteropolyacid catalyst, and more particularly, to a process for producing tetrahydrofuran polymer by using hydronium ion water having a pH of 5.5 or less as a reaction initiator in the initiation step.

Abstract: A production method for polypyridinium having a narrow molecular weight distribution and a desired molecular weight is provided. Polypyridinium 3 having a narrow molecular weight distribution and a desired molecular weight is synthesized by allowing a pyridine derivative monomer 2 to polymerize on a polymerization initiator 1 such as a specially designed 4-halopyridinium and the like in the presence of a dissolution accelerating agent, such as tetrabutyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, that dissolves the polymer formed in a solvent as in the chemical below. where Y represents an anion that dissolves in an organic solvent, X and Z represent halogen atoms, R represents hydrocarbon groups and the like and o is about 1 to 300.

Abstract: Purification methods of polyamic acid resin and polyimide resin are provided. The purification methods of polyamic acid resin or polyimide resin includes providing a polyamic acid resin or a polyimide resin containing metal ion impurities. Thereafter, a cation exchange resin is used to react with the polyamic acid resin or the polyimide resin in order to remove the metal ion impurities therein, and a water content in the polyamic acid resin or the polyimide resin is removed to purify the polyamic acid resin or polyimide resin.

Abstract: Process for preparing diamino diphenyl methane and poly-(diamino diphenyl methane) comprising reacting aniline with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen chloride added in the gaseous form wherein the aniline contains 0.1 to 7 wt %, preferably 2 to 5 wt % of a protic chemical, preferably water.

Abstract: A process for deactivating an active catalyst species in an olefin polymer stream exiting a polymerization reactor and neutralizing catalyst residues comprising adding to the olefin polymer stream in a quantity at least sufficient to inactivate the catalyst species and neutralize catalyst residues a composition comprising an ionomer having a molecular weight of at least 100 g/mol, and subsequently recovering the resulting polymer product.