Abstract: The inventive method for processing vegetable raw materials consisting in organic solvent-extracting said materials, isolating it by retention which is associated with cooling and wax filtration, separating free oxides from the thus obtained solution of extractive substances by alkali solution action, dividing the obtained neutralized solution into a neutral substance solution in the hydrocarbon solvent and a water-alkali solution of organic acid salts, acidifying said salt solution, isolating chlorophilline acids and a fatty and resin acid fraction therefrom by retention, dividing the sum of diterpenic and higher fatty acids, distilling the solvent from neutral substances and in dividing said neutral substances. The diterpenic and higher fatty acid sum is treated in a low-molecular alcohol by adding a sulphuric acid in the form of a catalyst.

Abstract: Cytotoxic factors having use in modulating cell death, and their use in methods of treating necrosis or apoptosis-related conditions are disclosed. The invention also relates to methods for identifying active agents useful in treating conditions related to cell death or uncontrolled growth. The present inventors have found that different microorganisms produce different cytotoxic factor(s) having anticancer activity. The substantially pure cytotoxic factors can be used in a method of treating an infectious disease or a cancer.

Abstract: The present disclosure teaches that the recombination of homologous sequences of P450 enzymes, with the aid of SCHEMA to predict a resulting protein structure, is able to generate libraries of chimeras with significant functional diversity. Additionally, the members of these libraries demonstrate superior or unexpected new properties, which correlate with other factors that are observable in the library. Thus, the making of libraries of optimized P450 enzymes, the analysis of libraries to identify an optimized subset, and the optimized chimeras with improved or altered functionalities are all taught in the present disclosure.

Abstract: Novel mutations in cytochrome P450C17 (CYP17) and cytochrome b5 (CYB5) affecting 16-androstene steroid synthesis are disclosed. The novel mutations result in alterations in production of critical intermediaries in the synthesis of 16-androstene steroids. Altering the activity of these enzymes may be useful in enhancing reducing androstenone synthesis and reducing boar taint. The identification of these novel mutations also allows for the development of transgenic pigs bearing mutations in these enzymes or for genetic screening to identify pigs on the basis of their CYP17 and/or CYB5 genotype. Pigs having these mutations may be selected and bred to produce pigs that have a lower incidence of boar taint.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor for detecting hydrogen peroxide, comprising: (a) a gold (Au) nanoparticle conjugated with a conducting oxide substrate comprising a conduction oxide; (b) a cytochrome c immobilized on the gold nanoparticle. In the performance of the present sensor, current values are increased in parallel with increased hydrogen peroxide concentration. Such performance enables to easily analyze the presence or concentration of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Asymmetric bifunctional silyl (ABS) monomers comprising covalently linked pharmaceutical, chemical and biological agents are described. These agents can also be covalently bound via the silyl group to delivery vehicles for delivering the agents to desired targets or areas. Also described are delivery vehicles which contain ABS monomers comprising covalently linked agents and to vehicles that are covalently linked to the ABS monomers. The silyl modifications described herein can modify properties of the agents and vehicles, thereby providing desired solubility, stability, hydrophobicity and targeting.

Abstract: The fusion protein, especially recombinant, comprising domain (a) which is a functional fragment of soluble hTRAIL protein sequence beginning with an amino acid at a position not lower than hTRAIL95 or a sequence having at least 70% homology thereto; and domain (b) which is a sequence of pro-apoptotic effector peptide, wherein the sequence of domain (b) is attached at C-terminus and/or N-terminus of domain (a). The fusion protein has anticancer activity. The nucleotide sequence coding the fusion protein, expression vector and host cell for the preparation of the fusion protein, and the use of the fusion protein for treating cancer diseases.

Abstract: Described herein are modifications and adaptations of iron storage proteins for a novel photo-initiated approach to cancer therapy whereby cells are killed via production of iron-generated hydroxyl radicals. The iron is photo-released from a protein scaffold that includes tumor-targeting peptides and/or proteins fused to the exterior surface of the protein scaffold. One or more photosensitizers are coupled to the protein shell. The multiple tumor-targeting peptides and/or proteins will bind to specific hyperexpressed receptors on the cancer cells. After binding of the photosensitizer-iron-loaded protein to the cancer cells, photochemical excitation of the photosensitizers with tissue-penetrating near-infrared light triggers release of “free” ferrous iron, which in oxic or mildly hypoxic intracellular environments generates toxic hydroxyl radicals via Fenton chemistry. This light-triggered release of “free” iron overwhelms the cancer cells' defenses against free radicals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a hydroxylated form of a compound having an adamantane skeleton, which is useful as an intermediate for functional resins and pharmaceutical products, with high yield and at low cost. Specifically, a hydroxylated form of a compound having an adamantane skeleton can be obtained by using cytochrome P450. More specifically, an N-(5-hydroxy-2-adamantyl)-benzamide derivative can be produced by hydroxylating an N-(2-adamantyl)-benzamide derivative.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a multifunctional biomemory device in which a protein having a redox potential substituted with a metal ion is directly immobilized on a substrate. The present disclosure provides an operating method in which the redox state of the protein is controlled by applying three different potentials. The present disclosure provides a biomemory device in which the metal ion of a metalloprotein is substituted to allow for artificial control of the redox potential. The present disclosure provides a new-concept biomemory device as an information storage device based on the principle of electron transfer of a naturally occurring biomolecule.

Abstract: There are provided a novel protein which has extremely high stability with respect to light irradiation, and is capable of maintaining a photoelectric conversion function for a long time, and a protein photoelectric transducer which uses the protein, and is capable of being stably used for a long time. A tin-substituted horse-heart cytochrome c is obtained by substituting tin for iron as a central metal of a heme of a horse-heart cytochrome c. A tin-substituted bovine-heart cytochrome c is obtained by substituting tin for iron as a central metal of a heme of a bovine-heart cytochrome c. A protein made of the tin-substituted horse-heart cytochrome c or the tin-substituted bovine-heart cytochrome c is immobilized on an electrode to form a protein-immobilized electrode. A protein photoelectric transducer is formed with use of the protein-immobilized electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a method of changing the fluorescence wavelength of a GFP-like fluorescent protein from copepod while maintaining recombinant expression efficiency, which comprises identifying a structural factor for determining the fluorescence wavelength thereof in the three-dimensional structure of the protein and modifying amino acid residues associated with the structural factor; and a modified fluorescent protein obtained by applying said method. For example, with regard to a GFP-like fluorescent protein from Chiridius poppei, His52 in an ? helix-like secondary structure: PFLLSHCMGYGFYHF (?1 47-61) comprising a fluorescent moiety site GYG is replaced with an aromatic amino acid selected from Phe, Tyr and Trp, so as to cause a red shift of the fluorescent peak wavelength; or it is replaced with Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, Gly, Cys, Met, Ser, Thr, or Asp, Asn, Glu or Gln, so as to cause a blue shift of the fluorescence peak wavelength.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for isolating proteins from a solution containing the proteins. The invention also relates to a method for the chromatographic separation of proteins. The present invention also relates to crosslinked hydroxylic polymer particles functionalized with temperature-responsive copolymer, and to methods of preparing such particles.

Abstract: A color imaging element, a photosensor and a photoelectric transducer which use a protein and are capable of being stably used for a long time, and methods of manufacturing them are provided. A zinc-substituted cytochrome c552 is immobilized on a gold electrode with a self-assembled monolayer in between to form a blue-light photoelectric transducer. Alternatively, a cytochrome c552 is immobilized on a gold electrode with a self-assembled monolayer in between, and a fluorescent protein absorbing blue light is bonded to the cytochrome c552, thereby forming a blue-light photoelectric transducer. These photoelectric transducers each are used as a color imaging element or a blue-light photoelectric transducer of a photosensor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides photoactive polypeptides. A subject photoactive polypeptide is useful in a variety of applications, which are also provided.

Abstract: A protein polymer having a larger molecular weight is provided by regularly arranging a protein having a large molecular weight. The protein polymer having a large molecular weight can be obtained using a protein monomer represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, Y, and X are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A method for making a surfactant-based monolithic column is provided. The method comprises providing a mixture comprising at least one surfactant monomer, at least one crosslinker, at least one initiator, and at least one porogen and polymerizing the mixture to form the surfactant-based monolithic column. The present disclosure also provides a surfactant-based monolithic column, a method for separating molecules, and a process for preparing a surfactant monomer.

Abstract: [Purpose] A purpose of this invention is to provide a robust and flexible free-standing ultrathin (nano) or thin pure protein membrane which enables a rapid and simple separation (or condensation) of relatively small (M.W.=ca. 1,000 Da) molecules. [Summary] A flexible free-standing ultrathin (nano) or thin protein membrane can be fabricated by a method comprising following steps: (1) A dilute metal (Cd, Cu or Zn) nitrate or chloride solution is kept under neutral or weak basic pH to spontaneously form metal (Cd, Cu or Zn) hydroxide nanostrands; (2) The above metal (Cd, Cu or Zn) hydroxide nanostrands and protein solution are mixed to obtain composite nanofibers made of protein and the said metal hydroxide nanostrands; (3) The obtained dispersion of composite nanofibers is filtered on a filter. (4) Proteins contained in the composite nanofibers are cross-linked by bifunctional cross-linkers; and (5) Metal (Cd, Cu or Zn) hydroxide nanostrands are removed from them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chromatographic method of separating biological material comprising, providing chromatographic media comprising inorganic oxide particles having an average diameter of about 2 microns or less and an average pore diameter of 300 ? or more; applying a solvent comprising said biological material to said media, wherein said biological material is reversibly bonded to said media; and eluting said biological material from said media with a solvent in less than about 2 minutes for biological material having a molecular weight of less than about 100,000 Daltons.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus, system and method for forming nanoscale architectures having nanoparticles bound thereto. The present invention provides a photon beam crosslinked polymer matrix, wherein the crosslinked matrix includes one or more polymers crosslinked to one or more crosslinking agents and one or more protein-coated metal nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a a cytochrome c-reporter fusion protein construct comprising a modified cytochrome c protein which targets the mitochondria and has a reduced ability to induce apoptosis in a living cell. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs encoding such protein fusions and cells stably transfected with such constructs. The stably transfected cells of the invention can be used in assays to detect apoptosis.

Abstract: A 5- or 6-nicotinyl-linker-carrier protein compound and immunogen having formula (a) wherein X is —NH—CO— or NH— or —C≡C— or —C═C— or CH2—; Y is —(CH2)k— or —(CH2)m—C6H10—(CH2)n— or (CH2)m—C6H4—(CH2)n— when Z is —NH—, with the proviso that X is not —NH—CO— when Y is (CH2)5 and Z is —NH—, and X is —NH—CO— or —C≡C— or —C═C— or CH2—, Y is —(CH2)m—C6H10—(CH2)n— or —(CH2)m—C6H4—(CH2)n—, when Z is —CO—, and X is —C≡C— or —C═C—, Z is —CO—, when Y is (CH2)k—, is disclosed. The compound may be used as a medicament, suitably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: This invention is directed to cytochrome c551 polypeptides and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of macromolecular chelants characterized by a high content in chelant groups per macromolecule.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for treating a condition associated with oxidative stress in a subject which comprises administering to the subject an amount of a heme-peptide effective to treat the condition associated with oxidative stress in the subject. The subject may be a mammal. The mammal may be a human being. The condition associated with oxidative stress may be an inflammatory condition, an allergic condition or an auto-immune condition.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the control of smoking are described. The compositions according to the invention comprise: (a) a xanthine oxidase inhibitor; (b) a cytochrome P450 inhibitor; (c) a sugar; (d) a source of phosphate; and, optionally, (e) one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

Abstract: Human P450 IID6 cytochrome-derived peptide fragments, anti peptide anti fragment antibodies and applications thereof in the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and more especially in the differential diagnosis between autoimmune hepatitis and other chronic viral forms of hepatitis, such as hepatitis C or B. Said human P450 cytochrome peptide fragment contains at least one P450 IID6 cytochrome immunodominant epitope and consists of an amino acid sequence comprising from 3 to 70 amino acids. Said peptide binds specifically with anti-LKM auto-anitbodies produced in autoimmune hepatitis.

Abstract: Fusion enzymes having multiple segments of different biological activity including one segment having P450scc activity and at least one segment having electron-transfer activity for transferring electrons to P450scc are described along with genetic constructs for production of such enzymes and methods for their use. Methods of their use include cholesterol degradation in vitro or in vivo as well as conversion of cholesterol to other useful steroidal products including pregnenolone.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to coated substrates having a coating of biological macromolecules, preferably proteins, which are capable of being immobilized on a substrate surface and have a marker. These proteins usually are mutant proteins obtained by mutagenesis of the gene encoding a random positioning protein. When a mutant protein molecule is immobilized on the substrate, the marker of the mutant protein molecule is in a select spatial relationship with both the substrate and the markers of adjacent protein molecules. A substrate coated with an oriented layer of the mutant proteins exhibits improved or different properties when compared to a substrate having a randomly positioned layer of proteins thereon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chimeric enzyme gene which codes for a monooxygenase having both monooxygenase activity derived from cytochrome P-450 and reducing power supplying ability derived from NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase.The present invention further provides a yeast expression plasmid which contains said chimeric enzyme gene and expresses said monooxygenase gene; a transformed yeast strain which carries said yeast expression plasmid; a monooxygenase which has both the monooxygenase activity and the reducing power supplying ability as mentioned above; and a process for producing said monooxygenase.

Abstract: There is provided a structural gene of membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase complex having a molecular size of about 7.0 kilo base which is derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Acetobacter represented by Acetobacter altoacetigenes and shown by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID. NO. 1 and SEQ ID NO. 2. This enzyme increases the efficiency of acetic acid fermentation and may be effectively utilized for quantitative determination of alcohol.

Abstract: A process for producing a polypeptide of interest from fermentation of bacterial host cells comprising nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide is provided. In this method, the host cells employed have an inactivated electron transport chain. Further provided is a method for determining if a particular bacterial cell culture has a propensity for dissolved oxygen instability when fermented on a large scale.

Abstract: A method for preparing phycobiliprotein/amine-reactive dye conjugates is disclosed in which the conjugates so prepared overcome the energy transfer/fluorescent quenching dilemma encountered in the use of prior art conjugates. A phycobiliprotein, for example, phycoerythrin or allophycocyanin, is conjugated with an amine-reactive dye, for example, Texas Red or carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester, in the presence of a selective salt which causes a hydrophobic intramolecular rearrangement of the phycobiliprotein thereby exposing more hydrophobic sites for binding to the amine-reactive dye. The conjugates prepared according to the invention are useful in multiple color fluorescence assays without requiring the use of multiple exciting sources.

Abstract: Novel cytochrome P-450.sub.sca-1, P-450.sub.sca-2 and P-450.sub.sca-3 enzymes are produced by cultivation of Streptomyces carbophilus SANK 62585, and are suitable for use in hydroxylation processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adduct of a basic macromoleculer and biotin having the general formula: ##STR1## in which MM is the residue of a basic macromolecule formed by substituting the H-atom of one or more primary amino groups;alk represents an optionally substituted alkylene group having from 1 to 10 C-atoms;m is 0 or 1; andn is a positive integer,with the proviso that, where MM represents cytochrome C or histone, m is not 0.The adduct is useful in constructing non-radioactive nucleic acid hydridization probes.