Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing a hapten-protein-polysaccharide conjugate and a hapten-protein conjugate by reacting a protein with a hapten to produce a hapten-protein conjugate, followed by reacting the hapten-protein conjugate with a polysaccharide to provide a conjugate mixture including the hapten-protein conjugate and a hapten-protein-polysaccharide conjugate. This invention also includes the process described above with the addition of a pharmaceutically acceptable medium or delivery vehicle into the conjugate mixture. The invention further includes the process described above where the hapten is luteinizing hormone releasing hormone peptides derived from E coil, or malaria derived peptides.

Abstract: Compounds useful as antiproliferative agents, including, for example, anticancer agents, are provided according to formula I: wherein: Ar, X, X1, g, R and R3 are as defined herein.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated HLA DRB1*15-binding peptides consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:7 with 0–10 amino acids added to either or both ends of the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:7, and an endosomal targeting signal comprising an endosomal targeting portion of human invariant chain Ii or LAMP-1.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for eliciting an in vivo cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) response against a modified soluble protein antigen are disclosed. The modified soluble protein antigen comprises an added peptidic sequence which facilitates entry of the modified antigen into antigen presenting cells (APC).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel complexes of major histocompability complex (MHC) molecules and uses of such complexes. In one aspect, the invention relates to loaded MHC complexes that include at least one MHC molecule with a peptide-binding groove and a presenting peptide non-covalently linked to the MHC protein. In another aspect, the invention features single chain MHC class II peptide fusion complexes with a presenting peptide covalently linked to the peptide binding grove of the complex. MHC complexes of the invention are useful for a variety of applications including: 1) in vitro screens for identification and isolation of peptides that modulate activity of selected T cells, including peptides that are T cell receptor antagonists and partial agonists, and 2) methods for suppressing or inducing an immune response in a mammal.

Abstract: The invention teaches derivatives of mycophenolic alcohol and methods of preparing immunogens and other conjugates useful in immunoassays for quantitatively measuring concentrations of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and/or active metabolites of MPA in patient specimens. Antibodies produced from the disclosed immunogens capable of binding to MPA with cross-reactivity of no more than 5% with inactive metabolites and commonly co-prescribed drugs. Further, immunoassays for measuring the concentration of MPA using such antibodies are taught.

Abstract: Immunogenic compositions comprising an immunogenic polypeptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle are described. The immunogenic polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence Xaa-Thr-Xaa-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Xaa-Ala-Ala-Arg-Thr-Thr-Xaa-Gly-Xaa-Xaa-Ser-Leu-Phe-Xaa-Xaa-Gly-Xaa-Ser-Gln-Xaa-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile (SEQ ID NO:8). The immunogenic polypeptide can be coupled to a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as a diphtheria toxoid.

Abstract: The purpose is to provide a mature protein having an antagonistic activity against bone morphogenetic proteins. The mature protein having an antagonistic activity against bone morphogenetic proteins is obtained by converting at least one residue among methionine residues or tryptophane residues existing in the amino acid sequence of mature human MP52 (SEQ ID No 1) to a hydrophilic residue by chemical modification, or replacing said residues with a hydrophilic amino acid residue or a polar amino acid residue. The chemical modification for said methionine residue is performed by an oxidization reaction or an alkylation reaction. The chemical modification for said tryptophane residue is performed by an allylsulphenylation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the fields of molecular biology, virology, immunology and medicine. The invention provides a composition comprising an ordered and repetitive antigen or antigenic determinant array, and in particular a RANKL protein, RANKL fragment or RANKL peptide-VLP-array. More specifically, the invention provides a composition comprising a virus-like particle and at least one RANKL protein, RANKL fragment or RANKL peptide bound thereto. The invention also provides a process for producing the conjugates and the ordered and repetitive arrays, respectively. The compositions of the invention are useful in the production of vaccines for the treatment of bone diseases and as a pharmaccine to prevent or cure bone diseases and to efficiently induce immune responses, in particular antibody responses. Furthermore, the compositions of the invention are particularly useful to efficiently induce self-specific immune responses within the indicated context.

Abstract: Protein and polypeptid derivatives and their salts are claimed characterized in that a protein or polypeptide is conjugated via an intermediate grouping containing at least one radical of the formula —C(R)?N— (or —N?C(R)—) or —CH(R)—NH— (or —NH—CH(R)—), wherein R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue which may be substituted, with the same or a different protein or polypeptide, with a reporter group or a cytotoxic agent as well as a process for their preparation and the novel intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A new method to capture, purify and expand antigen-specific T lymphocytes has been developed using magnetic beads coated with recombinant MHC class I molecules. This method was optimized using homogenous populations of naive T cells purified from mice transgenic for the 2C T cell receptor (TCR). These T cells were captured on beads coated with MHC class I molecules and the relevant antigenic peptides. MHC and peptide specificity was confirmed by the usage of irrelevant MHC peptide combinations. An enrichment of 800 to 1600 fold was measured, using 2C T cells mixed with irrelevant T cells, starting from a 2C T cell frequency of 1/3000. The same approach was used to purify antigen-specific CD8+ T cells from total CD8+ T cells from naive mice. The recovered cells could be expanded and specifically kill target cells in vitro; they had a significant effect in vivo as well. We expect this procedure to be suitable to purify and expand in vitro tumor- and virus-specific killer T cells for use in cell therapy.

Abstract: A novel surface exposed protein of Haemophilus influenzae or related Haemophilus species is described. The protein named protein D is an Ig receptor for human IgD and has an apparent molecular weight of 42,000. Protein D can be detected in all of 116 encapsulated and non-encapsulated isolates of H. influenzae studied. The protein from all strains shows in addition to the same apparent molecular weight immunogenic similarities since protein D from all strains interacts with three different mouse monoclonal antibodies and monoclonal human IgD. A method for purification of protein D is described. Cloning of the protein D gene from H. influenzae in E. coli is described as well as the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence.

Abstract: The present invention provides conjugates of peptide derivatives of the mammalian peptide hormones angiotensinogen, angiotensin I and angiotensin II, presented in a repetitive scaffold by coupling the peptide derivatives to a carrier, particularly a virus-like particle (VLP). The invention also provides methods of producing such conjugates, and immunotherapeutic uses of the resulting immunogen conjugates for the therapy and prophylaxis of conditions associated with the renin-activated angiotensin system.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for analyzing a peptide or peptides of interest in a protein sample using a combination of a relatively generic isotope tag with a decoupled selection process, allowing simplified customization of the application with a single reagent. These methods comprise providing a first and a second protein sample; labeling the first protein sample with a first Universal Peptide Isotope Tag (U-PIT) reagent and the second protein sample with a second U-PIT reagent; separating the peptide of interest from the combined first and second protein samples; and determining the relative amount of the first U-PIT reagent and the second U-PIT reagent bound to the peptide or peptides of interest. The U-PIT label of the present inventive methods has the following general formula A-B-C wherein A is a nucleophilic reactive group, B is a detectable moiety that can be isotopically labeled, and C is a charge replacement group.

Abstract: It is intended to provide an antibody specific to HbA1c, antibody-producing cells capable of supplying the antibody in a stable state in the future, and a method of constructing the antibody-producing cells without any probability factors, and a method which comprises fusing mouse spleen cells, which have been sensitized with an immunogen composed of a compound containing the following structural formula (I) and a binding protein, with a myeloma-origin cell line, obtaining monoclonal antibody-producing cells by cloning, and then purifying and acquiring the monoclonal antibody produced by these cells into the culture supernatant

Abstract: A monoclonal antibody, and a cell line capable of producing the same, has been produced with the ability to detect the primary metabolites generated from the pyrolysis of smokeable, or “crack”, cocaine. This monoclonal antibody, while being highly specific for anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME) and ecgonidine (ECD), does not cross-react at a significant level with the primary cocaine metabolites of powdered or injected cocaine. Also, crack cocaine conjugates capable of evoking an immune response in animals have been produced.

Abstract: Immunogenic polypeptides comprising hepatitis C virus (HCV) immunogens are described. The HCV immunogen comprises the amino acid sequence Xaa-Thr-Xaa-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Xaa-Ala-Ala-Arg-Thr-Thr-Xaa-Gly-Xaa-Xaa-Ser-Leu-P he-Xaa-Xaa-Gly-Xaa-Ser-Gln-Xaa-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile (SEQ ID NO:8). The immunogenic polypeptide can be coupled to a bacterial toxoid, such as a diphtheria toxoid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vaccine for inducing an immune response in mammal to a specific antigen, where the vaccine comprises a unit dose of a binary toxin protective antigen and the antigen, which is bound to a binary toxin protective antigen binding protein. In one embodiment the vaccine is comprised of an anthrax protective antigen and the antigen bound to anthrax protective antigen binding protein. The present invention also provides a method of immunizing a mammal against an antigen using the vaccine, and a method of inducing antigen-presenting mammalian cells to present specific antigens via the MHC class I processing pathway.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the fields of molecular biology, virology, immunology and medicine. The invention provides a composition comprising an ordered and repetitive antigen or antigenic determinant array, and in particular an array comprising a protein or peptide of IL-5, IL-13 or eotaxin. More specifically, the invention provides a composition comprising a virus-like particle and at least one protein, or peptide of IL-5, IL-13 and/or eotaxin bound thereto. The invention also provides a process for producing the conjugates and the ordered and repetitive arrays, respectively. The compositions of the invention are useful in the production of vaccines for the treatment of allergic diseases with an eosinophilic component and as a pharmaccine to prevent or cure allergic diseases with an eosinophilic component and to efficiently induce immune responses, in particular antibody responses.

Abstract: Novel proteins and their corresponding nucleotide sequences in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) are provided. In particular, Aap and the five gene cluster (aat) of the AA probe region of the pAA plasmid of EAEC 042 have been identified, sequenced, and further characterized. The use of these novel proteins and their corresponding nucleotide sequences for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of EAEC infections is also provided.

Abstract: Novel proteins and their corresponding nucleotide sequences in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) are provided. In particular, Aap and the five gene cluster (aat) of the AA probe region of the pAA plasmid of EAEC 042 have been identified, sequenced, and further characterized. The use of these novel proteins and their corresponding nucleotide sequences for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of EAEC infections is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of specifically suppressing an undesired immune response in a mammal suffering from such a response. The method comprises: i) preparing a construct comprising at least one discrete antigenically recognizable moiety corresponding to an antigenic determinant of an antigen causing the undesired immune response bound to a pharmacologically acceptable carrier wherein the number of the moieties bound to the carrier and the spacing of the moieties on the carrier are such that the construct does not elicit an immune response to the moieties but does directly compete with the antigen for receptors on an immunocompetent cell that recognizes the determinant, and thereby the construct specifically suppresses the undesired immune response; and ii) administering the construct to the mammal in an amount such that suppression of the undesired immune response is effected. The invention further relates to constructs suitable for use in the above method and to methods of making same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel complexes of major histocompability complex (MHC) molecules and uses of such complexes. In one aspect, the invention relates to single chain MHC class II complexes that include a class II ?2 chain modification, e.g., deletion of essentially the entire class II ?2 chain. In another aspect, the invention features single chain MHC class II which comprise an immunoglobin constant chain or fragment. Further provided are polyspecific MHC complexes comprising at least one single chain MHC class II molecule. MHC complexes of the invention are useful for a variety of applications including: 1) in vitro screens for identification and isolation of peptides that modulate activity of selected T cells, including peptides that are T cell receptor antagonists and partial agonists, and 2) methods for suppressing or inducing an immune response in a mammal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of heat shock proteins to enhance production of one or more chemokines by a cell. The present invention also relates to the use of a heat shock protein in the treatment or prophylaxis of an infectious disease. The present invention also relates to a peptide from an extracellular domain of CCR5 and the use of the peptide in the treatment or prophylaxis of an infectious disease.

Abstract: Methods for improving binding of a proteinaceous substance to cell-wall material of a Gram-positive bacterium are disclosed. The proteinaceous substance includes an AcmA cell-wall binding domain, homolog or functional derivative thereof. The method includes treating the cell-wall material with a solution capable of removing a cell-wall component such as a protein, lipoteichoic acid or carbohydrate from the cell-wall material and contacting the proteinaceous substance with the cell-wall material.

Abstract: The invention concerns autoreactive peptides, peptide-MHC complexes, T cell subpopulations that react thereto as well as diagnostic and therapeutic applications of these compounds.

Abstract: Five-Helix protein, which comprises the three N-helices and at least two, but not three, of the three C-helices of the trimer-of-hairpin structure of HIV gp41, separated by linkers, such as amino acid residue linkers, is disclosed. Six-Helix protein, which includes the three N-helices and the three C-helices of the trimer-of-hairpin structure of HIV gp41, separated by linkers, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention describes HLA class II binding peptides encoded by the MAGE-A3 tumor associated gene, as well as nucleic acids encoding such peptides and antibodies relating thereto. The peptides stimulate the activity and proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Methods and products also are provided for diagnosing and treating conditions characterized by expression of the MAGE-A3 gene.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and kits are disclosed. Enzyme conjugates of Formula I may be employed in assays for the determination of an amphetamine and/or a methamphetamine. Immunogenic conjugates of Formula I may be employed to prepare antibodies for an amphetamine and/or for a methamphetamine for use in assays for the determination of an amphetamine and/or a methamphetamine. The enzyme conjugates may also be employed to screen antibodies for use in such methods.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and kits are disclosed. Enzyme conjugates of Formula I are employed in assays for the determination of an methylenedioxyamphetamine, a methylene-dioxyethamphetamine, and/or a methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Immunogenic conjugates of Formula I are employed to prepare antibodies for an methylenedioxyamphetamine, a methylenedioxyethamphetamine, and/or for a methylene-dioxymethamphetamine for use in assays for the determination of an methylenedioxyamphetamine, a methylenedioxyethamphetamine, and/or a methylene-dioxymethamphetamine. The enzyme conjugates may also be employed to screen antibodies for use in such methods.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for treatment of amyloidogenic diseases. Such methods entail administering an agent that induces a beneficial immune response against an amyloid deposit in the patient. The methods are particularly useful for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In such methods, a suitable agent is A? peptide or an antibody thereto.

Abstract: Peptide-like compounds and their variants having immunomodulating activity including the N-terminal acylated and/or C-terminal amidated or esterified forms thereof of up to 60 amino acids wherein the peptide-type compound comprises the formula: ??? wherein: ? and ? are the same or different and are of the formula: {R aa76-77 L}(aa79-84)(SEQ ID NO:1) ??(a) or (aa84-79){L aa77-76 R}(SEQ ID NO:2) ??(b) wherein: aa76 is E or V; aa77 is D, S or N; aa79 is R or G; aa80 is I or N; aa81 is a hydrophobic or small amino acid; aa82 is R or L; aa83 is G or R; aa84 is a hydrophobic or small amino acid; wherein the sequence in the brackets may optionally be absent or truncated at any peptide type bond within the brackets may be used by themselves or in combination with immunosuppressant drugs, to reduce CTL activation, particularly in association with transplantation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic, biologically active molecule for fixing an active ingredient to the virus protein 1 (VP1) of the polyoma virus. According to the invention, an amino acid sequence A1 which is derived from the C-terminal end of virus protein 2 (VP2) or 3 (VP3) of the polyoma virus is bonded to an active ingredient at one of its ends.

Abstract: Methods, compositions and kits are disclosed. The methods are directed to determining the presence of entactogen analytes such as, for example, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-ethylamphetamine (MDEA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-methamphetamine (HMMA). The method comprises providing in combination in a medium (i) a sample suspected of containing the compound and (ii) an antibody raised against a compound of Formula I that comprises a protein. The medium is examined for the presence a complex comprising the compound and the antibody where the presence of such as complex indicates the presence of the compound in the sample. In one aspect of the above embodiment, the combination further comprises a label conjugate of the compound Formula I.

Abstract: Analogs of saquinavir functionalized at the quinoline portion of the molecule are described. These include pyridyl analogs (replacing the quinoline ring) with a functional handle out of the ring allowing for elaboration with linkers terminated by a functional group such as an activated ester which are useful for attaching the molecule to other entities such as proteins, polysaccharides, and the like. Analogs of saquinavir derivatized out of the quinoline ring are also described.

Abstract: This invention comprises a recombinant protein comprising the maltose binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli fused to amino acids 5–337 of the FlaA flagellin of Campylobacter coli VC167 which has provided evidence of immunogenicity and protective efficacy against challenge by a heterologous strain of campylobacter, Campylobacter jejuni 81–176 in mammals. The invention further comprises a recombinant DNA construct encoding the immunodominant region (region I through III) of flagellin from Campylobacter spp. for use as a component of a vaccine against Campylobacter diarrhea. The invention therefore represents an effective treatment against Campylobacter but avoids inducing the autoimmune Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS), a post-infection polyneuropathy caused by Campylobacter molecular mimicry of human gangliosides which has hampered the development of vaccines heretofore.

Abstract: Novel chimeric fusion proteins comprising immunodominant epitopes of GAD and insulin are provided. Also provided are immunomodulatory methods for the use of such proteins for both the prevention and treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The chimeric fusion proteins of the invention are useful in predicting risk of onset of Type 1 diabetes, determining prognosis of Type 1 diabetes patients early in disease progression, and in evaluating patients for suitability as recipients of transplants of pancreatic cells or tissues. The administration of the proteins of the invention in accordance with the immunomodulatory methods of the invention results in beneficial effects on disease development and severity in patients suffering from or predicted to be at risk of developing Type 1 diabetes, as well as on the outcome of transplants of pancreatic cells or tissues in Type 1 diabetes patients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a protienaceous compound or functionally active derivative or part thereof having a binding site for a group represented by formula (I) which is part of a group of toxins derived from various cyanobacteria, to a method for its production, to diagnostic kits and to an affinty matrix (e.g. for use in immunoaffinity columns, online detection and purifications devices) containing the proteinaceous compound as well as to methods for substantially decreasing the amount of a compound containing the group represented by formula (I) in fluids or for concentrating compounds, e.g. toxins, containing the group represented by formula (I) from fluids such as crude water samples, extracts of algae or other tissue samples, e.g. to determine toxin concentrations.

Abstract: The invention concerns a structural peptide, identified by antibodies directed against a polypeptide, comprising the 2-45 amino acid sequence of the N-terminal end of the Core or nucleocapsid (p21) protein of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), excluding any protein or peptide compound comprising or consisting of the N-terminal end. The invention is characterized in that it comprises a tertiary structure consisting of at least a first peptide fragment having a secondary structure in ? helix, a second peptide fragment having secondary structure in ? helix and a third peptide bond fragment linking the two ? helices, these two ? helices being substantially perpendicular to each other in space. This peptide can be used for detecting antibodies directed against the p21 protein of HCV, for detecting all of part of the RNA of HCV and for preparing a diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic composition for detecting, preventing or treating an HCV infection.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and processes for the production of ordered and repetitive antigen or antigenic determinant arrays. The compositions of the invention are useful for the production of vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases, the treatment of allergies and the treatment of cancers. Various embodiments of the invention provide for a core particle that is coated with any desired antigen in a highly ordered and repetitive fashion as the result of specific interactions.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for treatment of amyloidogenic diseases. Such methods entail administering an agent that induces a beneficial immune response against an amyloid deposit in the patient. The methods are particularly useful for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In such methods, a suitable agent is A? peptide or an antibody thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods to produce immunotoxins (ITs) and cytokines with a reduced ability to promote vascular leak syndrome (VLS). The invention also provides ITs and cytokines which have been mutated to lack amino acid sequences which induce VLS.

Abstract: The present invention is based, in part, on the discovery that a modified version of Peptide G (Asn Gly Gln Glu Glu Lys Ala Gly Val Val Ser Thr Gly Leu Ile—SEQ ID NO:2) obtained by replacing Asn with Asp to form Peptide G? (Asp Gly Gln Glu Glu Lys Ala Gly Val Val Ser Thr Gly Leu Ile—SEQ ID NO: 1) overcomes the long range stabilization problem of the peptide conjugates and, quite surprisingly, also enhances the immune response, particularly the CD4 related (cell mediated) response, of conjugated peptides (L.E.A.P.S. constructs) as previously described.

Abstract: The present invention provides MHC Class II restricted melanoma antigens recognized by CD4+ T cells. This invention further provides prophylactic and therapeutic applications for the Class II restricted melanoma antigens. In particular, this invention provides tyrosinase Class II restricted melanoma antigens, as well as tyrosinase immunogenic peptides which have been modified to enhance their immunogenicity. These antigens can serve as an immunogens or vaccines to prevent or treat melanoma. In addition a method for isolating Class II restricted melanoma antigens or identifying new Class II restricted melanoma antigens is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for treatment of amyloidogenic diseases. Such methods entail administering an agent that induces a beneficial immune response against an amyloid deposit in the patient. The methods are particularly useful for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In such methods, a suitable agent is A?, peptide or an antibody thereto.

Abstract: A chimeric, carboxy-terminal truncated hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid protein (HBc) is disclosed that contains an immunogen for inducing the production of antibodies to malarial proteins. An immunogenic malarial epitope is expressed between residues 78 and 79 of the HBc immunogenic loop sequence. The chimer preferably contains a malaria-specific T cell epitope and is preferably engineered for both enhanced stability of self-assembled particles and enhanced yield of those chimeric particles. Methods of making and using the chimers are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel prostate tumor associated gene (designated 24P4C12) and its encoded protein is described. 24PC12 is highly expressed in prostate tissue xenografts, providing evidence that it is turned on in at least some prostate cancers. 24P4C12 provides a diagnostic and/or therapeutic target for prostate and other cancers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antigenic fusionprotein, which carries multiple Gal?1,3Gal epitopes. The fusion protein according to the invention may also be comprised of a heavily glycosylated mucin part, which mediates binding to selectins, such as PSGL-1, and a part, which exhibits immunoglobulin properties, such as the Fc part of IgG. The fusionprotein according to the invention is preferably used as an absorber to prevent a hyperacute rejection of a xenotransplant, such as a pig tissue or organ transplanted into a human patient. In addition, the invention relates to a method for the prevention of hyperacute rejection reaction in a patient who is to receive a xenotransplant.

Abstract: The CAMP factor gene of Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is described, as well as the recombinant production of CAMP factor therefrom. Also disclosed are chimeric CAMP factor constructs, including CAMP factor epitopes from more than one bacterial species. The CAMP factors and chimeras including the same can be used in immunogenic compositions for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising a conjugate of a hapten with a carrier in an ordered and repetitive array, and methods of making such compositions. The conjugates and compositions of the invention may comprise a variety of haptens, including hormones, toxins and drugs, especially drugs of addiction such as nicotine. Compositions and conjugates of the invention are useful for inducing immune responses against haptens, which can use useful in a variety of therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic regimens. In certain embodiments, immune responses generated using the conjugates, compositions and methods of the present invention are useful to prevent or treat addiction to drugs of abuse and the resultant diseases associated with drug addiction.