Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for patterning biological and non-biological material at specific sites on a plate, as well as growing three dimensional structures. Preferred embodiments comprise a plate with regions that will trap gas, usually in the form of bubbles, when the plate is submerged in liquid. Other embodiment of the present invention include a method for placing materials on the plate at pre-determined locations through the use of trapped gas to prevent materials from collecting at unwanted regions. The plate has great utility for plating cells and tissues at specific sites, such as on an array. The disclosed method can also be used to coat the surface of a plate with coatings at specific locations for patterned coating applications and to build up materials to produce three dimensional structures, including micro-mechanical structures—where the structures may be formed from living or non-living material, tissue or non-tissue, organic or inorganic, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides highly impact-resistant, water-soluble or water dispersible, low-dust granules comprising an active ingredient and methods for obtaining the same.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a composite comprising an organic fluid-swellable, fibrous matrix, such as collagen, and a mineral phase, such as calcium carbonate or phosphate mineral phase, for use as a biomimetic of bone. In another aspect, the subject invention concerns a process for making a composite involving the inclusion of acidic polymers to a supersaturated mineralizing solution, in order to induce an amorphous liquid-phase precursor to the inorganic mineral, which is then absorbed (pulled by capillary action) into the organic matrix. Advantageously, once solidified, a high mineral content can be achieved, with the inorganic mineral crystals embedded within the collagen fibers (intrafibrillarly) and oriented such that they are aligned along the long axes of the fibers of the organic matrix, thereby closely mimicking the natural structure of bone.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a composite comprising an organic fluid-swellable, fibrous matrix, such as collagen, and a mineral phase, such as calcium carbonate or phosphate mineral phase, for use as a biomimetic of bone. In another aspect, the subject invention concerns a process for making a composite involving the inclusion of acidic polymers to a supersaturated mineralizing solution, in order to induce an amorphous liquid-phase precursor to the inorganic mineral, which is then absorbed (pulled by capillary action) into the organic matrix. Advantageously, once solidified, a high mineral content can be achieved, with the inorganic mineral crystals embedded within the collagen fibers (intrafibrillarly) and oriented such that they are aligned along the long axes of the fibers of the organic matrix, thereby closely mimicking the natural structure of bone.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for immobilizing biomolecules on a polymeric surface of a carrier material and a carrier material functionalized with a biomolecule according to the general formulas (IV) and (V), which can be produced according to the method, wherein P indicates the polymeric surface of the carrier material and M indicates the biomolecule bound to the linker compound via an amino group (formula IV) or a carbonyl group (formula V) and R2 has the meaning OR4 or NR4R5; R1, R4 and R5, independently of one another, indicate H, and alkyl group or an aryl group; R3 indicates H, an alkyl, an aryl, an acyl, an alkoxycarbonyl or an aryloxycarbonyl group; and the alkyl, aryl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl and/or aryloxycarbonyl group of the radicals R1, R3, R4 and R5, independently of one another, are substituted or unsubstituted.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a composite comprising an organic fluid-swellable matrix, such as collagen, and mineral phase, such as calcium carbonate or phosphate mineral phase, for use as a biomimetic of bone. In another aspect, the subject invention concerns a process for making a composite involving the inclusion of acidic polymers to a supersaturated mineralizing solution, in order to induce an amorphous liquid-phase precursor to the inorganic mineral, which is then absorbed (pulled by capillary action) into the interstices of the organic matrix, and subsequently mineralizes via solidification and crystallization of the precursor phase. The present invention further concerns a method of treating a patient suffering from a bone defect by applying a biomimetic composite to the bone defect site.

Abstract: This invention provides novel methods and reagents for specifically delivering biologically active compounds to phagocytic mammalian cells. The invention also relates to specific uptake of such biologically active compounds by phagocytic cells and delivery of such compounds to specific sites intracellularly. The invention specifically relates to methods of facilitating the entry of antiviral and antimicrobial drugs and other agents into phagocytic cells and for targeting such compounds to specific organelles within the cell. The invention specifically provides compositions of matter and pharmaceutical embodiments of such compositions comprising conjugates of such antimicrobial drugs and agents covalently linked to particulate carriers generally termed microparticles. In particular embodiments, the antimicrobial drug is covalently linked to a microparticle via a cleavable linker moiety that is non-specifically cleaved in a phagocytic cell.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for the stabilization, storage and delivery of biologically active macromolecules, such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. In particular, this invention relates to protein or nucleic acid crystals, formulations and compositions comprising them. Methods are provided for the crystallization of proteins and nucleic acids and for the preparation of stabilized protein or nucleic acid crystals for use in dry or slurry formulations. The present invention is further directed to encapsulating proteins, glycoproteins, enzymes, antibodies, hormones and peptide crystals or crystal formulations into compositions for biological delivery to humans and animals. According to this invention, protein crystals or crystal formulations are encapsulated within a matrix comprising a polymeric carrier to form a composition.

Abstract: Granules that include a protein core are described. The protein core includes a protein matrix which includes a protein mixed together with a starch. The protein matrix can be layered over a seed particle or the protein core can be homogeneous. The protein can be an enzyme or a therapeutic protein.

Abstract: A versatile linker compound has a structure represented by following general formula (1), wherein Y has a structure represented by O or NH, and X has a structure serving as a multi-branched moiety including four hydrocarbon derivative chains each of which has an aromatic amino group at an end thereof, and may or may not have a carbon-nitrogen bond in a backbone thereof. With the versatile linker compound, sugar molecules can be two-dimensionally arranged on a surface of a protein-analyzing supporter with high reproducibility. Also, a ligand includes the versatile linker compound and a sugar molecule introduced thereinto.

Abstract: Water soluble macromers are modified by addition of free radical polymerizable groups, such as those containing a carbon-carbon double or triple bond, which can be polymerized under mild conditions to encapsulate tissues, cells, or biologically active materials. The polymeric materials are particularly useful as tissue adhesives, coatings for tissue lumens including blood vessels, coatings for cells such as islets of Langerhans, coatings, plugs, supports or substrates for contact with biological materials such as the body, and as drug delivery devices for biologically active molecules.

Abstract: Compositions, and methods of use thereof, for use as blood substitute products comprise aqueous mixtures of oxygen-carrying and non-oxygen carrying plasma expanders and methods for the use thereof. The oxygen-carrying component may consist of any hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, while the non-oxygen carrying plasma expander my consist of any suitable diluent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of carbohydrate crosslinked glycoprotein crystals. Advantageously, such crosslinked glycoprotein crystals display stability to harsh environmental conditions, while maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the glycoprotein backbone. According to one embodiment, this invention relates to methods for concentrating proteins that have been modified by carbohydrates and for releasing their activity at controlled rates. This invention also provides methods for producing carbohydrate crosslinked glycoprotein crystals and methods for using them in pharmaceutical formulations, vaccines, immunotherapeutics, personal care compositions, including cosmetics, veterinary pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines, foods, feeds, diagnostics, cleaning agents, including detergents and decontamination formulations.

Abstract: A composition containing polydisperse aminodextran polymer molecules is soluble in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. The molecules therein have a narrow size distribution characterized by an average molecule mean hydrodynamic diameter of greater than 115 nm, a polydispersity index of between 0.10 and 0.47, an average molecular weight (MW) greater than 3 million daltons, and an amine content of greater than 50 amines per molecule. Similar soluble compositions contain the polymer molecules with an average MW of greater than 7 million daltons. These compositions are useful in forming reagents by conjugation with proteins for labeling cells. Methods of making these compositions and reagents from conventional mixtures of aminodextran polymers involve fractionation on column chromatography.

Abstract: An efficient method for therapeutic treatment of a leukemic patient is disclosed in which the patient's body fluid under external circulation is brought into direct contact with an adsorbent material capable of adsorbing the leukemic cells in the body fluid specifically and selectively. The leukemic cell-adsorbent material, which is used by filling a column to form an adsorbent bed, is a conjugate of a lectin protein extracted from, e.g., Dolichos beans or soybeans coupled with a physiologically inert carrier material such as a polysaccharide in the form of beads or a superparamagnetic material in the form of iron oxide-based magnetic beads.

Abstract: Methods and reagents are provided for specifically targeting biologically active compounds such as antiviral and antimicrobial drugs, or prodrugs containing the biologically active compound to specific sites such as specific organelles in phagocytic mammalian cells. The biologically active compound or prodrug is linked to a microparticle with a linker that is non-specifically or specifically cleaved inside a phagocytic mammalian cell. Alternatively, the biologically active compound or prodrug is impregnated into a porous microparticle or coated on a nonporous microparticle, and then coated with a coating material that is non-specifically or specifically degraded inside a phagocytic mammalian cell. The prodrug contains the biologically active compound linked to a polar lipid such as ceramide with a specific linker such as a peptide that is specifically cleaved to activate the prodrug in a phagocytic mammalian cell infected with a microorganism.

Abstract: Chlamydia pneumoniae polypeptides are provided. The C. pneumoniae polypeptides can be used to prepare pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prevention of disease. In addition, the proteins can be used in methods for the diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to particulate material having a density of at least 2.5 g/ml, where the particles of the particulate material have an average diameter of 5-75 &mgr;m, and the particles of the particulate material are essentially constructed of a polymeric base matrix, e.g. a polysaccharide such as agarose, and a non-porous core material, e.g. steel and titanium, said core material having a density of at least 3.0 g/ml, said polymeric base matrix including pendant groups which are positively charged at pH 4.0 or which are affinity ligands for a bio-molecule. Possible pendant groups include polyethyleneimine (PEI), diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) and quaternary aminoethyl (QAE). The materials are useful in expanded bed or fluidized bed chromatography processes, in particular for purification of bio-macromolecules such as plasmid DNA, chromosomal DNA, RNA, viral DNA, bacteria and viruses.

Abstract: An adsorbent medium is prepared comprising particles of a sponge material made of cellulose or agarose carrying functional groups such as diethylaminoethane groups. The particles may be obtained by chopping a larger block of the sponge material. The medium preferably has a water retention value of greater than 6 ml/g and a particle size of 0.5 to 10 mm, and the sponge material may be cross-linked. The adsorbent medium is especially useful for purifying DNA in an aqueous sample.

Abstract: A temperature-stable droplet is provided containing a temperature-stable hydrocolloid membrane. The hydrocolloid membrane encapsulates a liquid that contains at least one enzyme, a cell, a biological agent, a pharmaceutical agent, an immunological agent, or mixtures thereof, and at least one of a locust bean gum, a natural thickening agent, a guar, polyvinylpyrrolidone, Konjac mannan, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, calcium gluconate, glucomannan, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the hydrocolloid membrane comprises at least one of methoxy pectin, Konjac mannan, sodium alginate, or mixtures thereof, and at least one of a locust bean gum, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, glucomannan, or mixtures thereof. The hydrocolloid membrane encapsulating the liquid is a thickness capable of holding the liquid without bursting through a temperature range of about −20° C. to about 90° C.

Abstract: The invention provides fibroblast growth factor homologous factor (FHF) polypeptides and nucleic acid molecules that encode them. Also included in the invention are diagnostic and therapeutic methods using FHF polypeptides and nucleic acids.

Abstract: Water soluble macromers are modified by addition of free radical polymerizable groups, such as those containing a carbon-carbon double or triple bond, which can be polymerized under mild conditions to encapsulate tissues, cells, or biologically active materials. The polymeric materials are particularly useful as tissue adhesives, coatings for tissue lumens including blood vessels, coatings for cells such as islets of Langerhans, and coatings, plugs, supports or substrates for contact with biological materials such as the body, and as drug delivery devices for biologically active molecules.

Abstract: Polymeric hollow particles for delivery of an agent are provided that change permeability in response to a change in an external stimulus such as pH, temperature, light, ionic strength, electric field, magnetic field and/or solvent composition. The particles can have a shell formed of an amphiphilic triblock ABA or BAB copolymer, where A is a hydrophilic block and B is a hydrophobic block. Low permeability particles with a reversibly permeable shell expand and increase permeability in response to a stimulus so that an active agent such as a therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic agent can be introduced. Removing the stimulus allows the particles to return to a low permeability state to form particles loaded with the active agent. Surfaces of the particles can be modified with specific ligands that allow the particles to be directed to a specific target via molecular recognition.

Abstract: Methods for modulating immune responses are provided. The methods involve contacting an immune cell with an agent that modulates interaction of a compound comprising a Lewis antigen with the immune cell such that production by the immune cell of at least one cytokine that regulates development of a T helper type 1 or T helper type 2 response is modulated. Stimulatory forms of the agent can comprise multivalent conjugates containing a Lewis antigen, such as a Lewisy, Lewisx or Lewisa-containing oligosaccharide, or a derivative thereof. Inhibitory forms of the agent can comprise non-crosslinked forms of a Lewis antigen, such as a Lewisy, Lewisx or Lewisa-containing oligosaccharide, or a derivative thereof. Stimulatory forms of the agent can be used in methods for stimulating a specific immune response to an antigen in vivo. Inhibitory forms of the agent can be used in methods for inhibiting allergic responses in vivo.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for the stabilization, storage and delivery of biologically active macromolecules, such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. In particular, this invention relates to protein or nucleic acid crystals, formulations and compositions comprising them. Methods are provided for the crystallization of proteins and nucleic acids and for the preparation of stabilized protein or nucleic acid crystals for use in dry or slurry formulations. The present invention is further directed to encapsulating proteins, glycoproteins, enzymes, antibodies, hormones and peptide crystals or crystal formulations into compositions for biological delivery to humans and animals. According to this invention, protein crystals or crystal formulations are encapsulated within a matrix comprising a polymeric carrier to form a composition.

Abstract: Biodegradable cross-linkers are provided having a polyacid core with at least two acidic groups covalently connected to reactive groups usable to cross-link polymer filaments. Between at least one reactive group and an acidic group of the polyacid is a biodegradable region which preferably consists of a hydroxyalkyl acid ester sequence having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 hydroxyalkyl acid ester groups. The polyacid may be attached to a water soluble region that is attached to the biodegradable region having attached reactive groups. The hydroxyalkyl acid ester group is preferably a lactate or glycolate. Polyacids include diacids, triacids, tetraacids and pentaacids, and the reactive group may contain a carbon-carbon double bond. A network of cross-linked polymer filaments having adefined biodegradation rate can be formed using the cross-linkers. The network may contain biologically active molecules, and can be in the form of a microparticle or nanoparticle, or hydrogel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of carbohydrate crosslinked glycoprotein crystals. Advantageously, such crosslinked glycoprotein crystals display stability to harsh environmental conditions, while maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the glycoprotein backbone. According to one embodiment, this invention relates to methods for concentrating proteins that have been modified by carbohydrates and for releasing their activity at controlled rates. This invention also provides methods for producing carbohydrate crosslinked glycoprotein crystals and methods for using them in pharmaceutical formulations, vaccines, immunotherapeutics, personal care compositions, including cosmetics, veterinary pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines, foods, feeds, diagnostics, cleaning agents, including detergents and decontamination formulations.

Abstract: Water soluble macromers are modified by addition of free radical polymerizable groups, such as those containing a carbon-carbon double or triple bond, which can be polymerized under mild conditions to encapsulate tissues, cells, or biologically active materials. The polymeric materials are particularly useful as tissue adhesives, coatings for tissue lumens including blood vessels, coatings for cells such as islets of Langerhans, and coatings, plugs, supports or substrates for contact with biological materials such as the body, and as drug delivery devices for biologically active molecules. A medical condition at a localized site is treated by applying a polymerization initiator and then applying a substantially water-soluble, degradable macromer of at least 200 mw and having at least two crosslinkable substituents, and polymerizing the macromer to form a crosslinked polymeric material at the site.

Abstract: A particle resistant to storage of at least one first and at least one second component, wherein said second component of at least one crosslinkable polymer as a shell at least partially envelops and/or encloses said first component as a core and said first component has at least one ascertainable property, obtainable by reacting said first component with the crosslinkable polymer and subsequently reacting the formed product with a crosslinking agent such that the first component with resistance to storage remains within the second component.

Abstract: Compositions, and methods of use thereof, for use as blood substitute products comprise aqueous mixtures of oxygen-carrying and non-oxygen carrying plasma expanders and methods for the use thereof. The oxygen-carrying component may consist of any hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, while the non-oxygen carrying plasma expander my consist of any suitable diluent.

Abstract: Granules are prepared containing an admixture of protein and salt layered over an inert particle. A preferred amount of salt is about between 63.7 and 84.3% of the total weight of the admixture. Proteins include pharmaceutically important proteins such as hormones, or industrially important proteins such as enzymes including proteases, amylases, lipases and cellulases capable of hydrolyzing substrates such as stains. Inert particles include inorganic salts, sugars, sugar alcohols, small organic molecules such as organic acids or salts, and minerals such as clays or silicates. A binder such as starch or polyethylene oxide may be mixed in with the admixture. A barrier material such as an inorganic salt or organic acid or salt may be in the admixture or coated over the admixture layer. A coating layer of a soluble or water dispersible film-forming polymer may be between the inert particle and admixture layer and/or over the admixture layer.

Abstract: An efficient method for therapeutic treatment of leukemia is provided in which a patient's body fluid during external circulation is brought into direct contact with an adsorbent material capable of specifically and selectively adsorbing leukemic cells in the body fluid. The leukemic cell-adsorbing material is a composite of a lectin protein coupled with a physiologically inert carrier material such as a galactan polysaccharide in the form of beads. The lectin protein may be obtained from a mushroom fungus such as Agrocybe cylindracea or a leguminous seed such as from the jequirity bean plant. The lectin protein and carrier material can be bound by forming chemical linkages between amino groups in the lectin protein and functional groups in the carrier material, and unreacted functional groups of the carrier material may be blocked with an amino acid. A leukemic cell-adsorbing column may be formed by filling the leukemic cell-adsorbing material into a tubular body to form an adsorbent bed.

Abstract: A particle resistant to storage of at least one first and at least one second component, wherein

Abstract: A separation medium having a base matrix and matrix-bound groups which exhibit recombinant Protein A containing a cysteine. The groups are of formula: —B—X—rProtein A-cys where B is a bridge which binds to the base matrix and X includes a heteroatom N or S from rProtein A-cys. In a preferred embodiment X is a thioether sulphur and/or a secondary amine (—NH—). An alternative embodiment features a variant of Protein A in which the C-terminal residue is cysteine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of carbohydrate crosslinked glycoprotein crystals. Advantageously, such crosslinked glycoprotein crystals display stability to harsh environmental conditions, while maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the glycoprotein backbone. According to one embodiment, this invention relates to methods for concentrating proteins that have been modified by carbohydrates and for releasing their activity at controlled rates. This invention also provides methods for producing carbohydrate crosslinked glycoprotein crystals and methods for using them in pharmaceutical formulations, vaccines, immunotherapeutics, personal care compositions, including cosmetics, veterinary pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines, foods, feeds, diagnostics, cleaning agents, including detergents and decontamination formulations.

Abstract: Methods and reagents are provided for specifically targeting biologically active compounds such as antiviral and antimicrobial drugs, or prodrugs containing the biologically active compound to specific sites such as specific organelles in phagocytic mammalian cells. The biologically active compound or prodrug is linked to a microparticle with a linker that is non-specifically or specifically cleaved inside a phagocytic mammalian cell. Alternatively, the biologically active compound or prodrug is impregnated into a porous microparticle or coated on a nonporous microparticle, and then coated with a coating material that is non-specifically or specifically degraded inside a phagocytic mammalian cell. The prodrug contains the biologically active compound linked to a polar lipid such as ceramide with a specific linker such as a peptide that is specifically cleaved to activate the prodrug in a phagocytic mammalian cell infected with a microorganism.

Abstract: Substances such as chemical substances and biological substances including animal, vegetable and microbial cells are encapsulated using a process and an apparatus wherein a coil through which alternating current flows causes a magnet to vibrate creating vibrations such as in the range of between 300 to 4000 Hz that are transmitted to an encapsulating fluid containing the substance to form small substantially spherical particles containing the substance. The apparatus includes a pulsation chamber containing a movable wall for receiving the encapsulating fluid containing the substance to be encapsulated. A nozzle is spaced downstream from the pulsation chamber for receiving the encapsulating fluid from the pulsation chamber. A permanent magnet is mounted on the movable wall, and a coil is spaced from the permanent magnet by an air gap and is located proximate to the permanent magnet.

Abstract: Activated support materials are provided containing oxirane or azlactone groups as substituents in linear polymers as activated groups. A base support containing hydroxyl groups is suspended in a solution containing cerium (IV) ions and a monomer containing an oxirane or azlactone group, and grafting polymerization is carrier out to produce a polymer containing oxirane or azlactone groups covalently bonded to the base support. Azlactone groups can be bonded to the base support via a thioether bond by using a base support containing thiol groups. The activated support materials can be used to prepare affinity supports containing an affinity ligand that is thiophilic or possesses a metal chelating group, or to prepare immobilized enzymes. The ligand can be iminodiacetic acid, or can be obtained by reacting an oxirane group of the support material with NaHS, and reacting the resultant product with divinylsulfone followed by reacting with mercaptoethanol.

Abstract: A device that includes a living cell or tissue and an agent that inhibits the ability of a host molecule to damage the cell or tissue. The device can be constructed in various forms including an implantable device, a composite microreactor and a double composite microreactor. The composite microreactor includes an internal particle that includes a living cell or tissue, an internal particle matrix that includes the living cell or tissue and an internal semipermeable coating enclosing the internal particle matrix, a gel super matrix in which the internal particle is embedded, and an agent that inhibits the ability of a host molecule to damage the cell or tissue. The double composite microreactor includes an internal particle, a particle that includes a particle matrix in which the internal particle is embedded, a super matrix in which the particle is embedded, and an agent that inhibits the ability of a host molecule to damage the living cell or tissue.

Abstract: The invention relates to surfaces coated with streptavidin and avidin for use in immunoassays, wherein the surfaces comprise a layer of streptavidin and avidin which are bonded on a surface of a solid supporting material through a biotinylated adhering agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of carbohydrate crosslinked glycoprotein crystals. Advantageously, such crosslinked glycoprotein crystals display stability to harsh environmental conditions, while maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the glycoprotein backbone. According to one embodiment, this invention relates to methods for concentrating proteins that have been modified by carbohydrates and for releasing their activity at controlled rates. This invention also provides methods for producing carbohydrate crosslinked glycoprotein crystals and methods for using them in pharmaceutical formulations, vaccines, immunotherapeutics, personal care compositions, including cosmetics, veterinary pharmaceutical compositions and vaccines, foods, feeds, diagnostics, cleaning agents, including detergents and decontamination formulations.

Abstract: Immobilization of SH group-containing compounds on a solvent-insoluble support is carried out in the presence of an antioxidant to prevent oxidation of SH groups to S—S bonds. This improves immobilization efficiency and suppresses deterioration of inherent characteristics of the SH group-containing compound. Antioxidants include sodium pyrosulfite (sodium disulfite), sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogensulfite, sodium hydrosulfite and L-ascorbic acid. SH group-containing compounds include cysteine, peptides or proteins containing cysteine and thiol compounds such as ethanethiol, aminoethanethiol, benzylthiol and thiophenol. Preferably, the SH group-containing compound has a molecular weight not more than 3×104. The support may be activated by a functional group such as glycidyl, imidocarbonato, tosyl, tresyl, carboxyl, amino, azido or hydroxyl. The support can be inorganic such as glass beads or organic such as a synthetic polymer or a polysaccharide.

Abstract: A cyclodextrin derivative, wherein at least 60 percent of the free hydroxy groups of said cyclodextrin are acylated with acyl groups where at least one of said acyl groups comprise a free carboxylic group.

Abstract: A compound having a polysaccharide binding domain such as contained by a cellulose and essentially lacking in polysaccharidase activity is purified from other ingredients in a mixture using an affinity partition system. A mixture containing the compound is contacted with a system containing as a first phase an aqueous solution of oligosaccharide polymer such as cellulose and as a second phase a solution of a polymer such as a poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol) copolymer. The compound petitions into the first phase and binds to the oligosaccharide polymer, preferably with a Ka of 103 to 107, to form a complex. The complex is collected, and the compound is dissociated from the oligosaccharide polymer. The compound may be formed of a non-peptide chemical moiety or a peptide moiety linked to a polypeptide having the polysaccharide binding domain.

Abstract: A bioartificial extracellular matrix for use in tissue regeneration or replacement is provided by derivatizing a three-dimensional hydrogel matrix with a cell adhesive extracellular matrix protein or cell adhesive peptide fragment of the protein. Preferably, derivatizing is by covalent immobilization of a cell adhesive peptide fragment having the amino acid sequence, ArgGlyAsp, TyrIleGlySerArg or IleLysValAlaVal. Cartilage or tendon can be regenerated by implanting a matrix containing an adhesive peptide fragment that favors chondrocyte invasion. The matrix can be pre-seeded with cells, and tissue can be reconstituted in vitro and then implanted. A cell-seeded matrix can be encapsulated in a semi-permeable membrane to form a bioartificial organ. An agarose hydrogel matrix having an agarose concentration of 0.5-1.25% (w/v) and an average pore radius between 120 nm and 290 nm is preferred.

Abstract: An affinity chromatographic matrix for purification of a biological material is provided having an ionically charged polymeric ligand such as glycoaminoglycan non-covalently bound directly by an ionic bond to an oppositely ionically charged group on a chromatographic matrix. Having the ligand non-covalently bound to the matrix by an ionic bond, allows the ligand to be easily washed off the matrix and replaced for subsequent purifications without having to replace the matrix. A biological material in a crude mixture is purified by non-covalently binding the material to the bound ligand and dissociating the material from the ligand. Matrices that may be used include crosslinked agarose, crosslinked dextran, crosslinked cellulose, crosslinked dextran and bisacrylamide, or matrices based on silica or plastic polymers. The charged group may be a quaternary amine or diethylaminoethyl group.

Abstract: Methods and reagents are provided for specifically targeting biologically active compounds such as antiviral and antimicrobial drugs, or prodrugs containing the biologically active compound to specific sites such as specific organelles in phagocytic mammalian cells. The biologically active compound or prodrug is linked to a microparticle with a linker that is non-specifically or specifically cleaved inside a phagocytic mammalian cell. Alternatively, the biologically active compound or prodrug is impregnated into a porous microparticle or coated on a nonporous microparticle, and then coated with a coating material that is non-specifically or specifically degraded inside a phagocytic mammalian cell. The prodrug contains the biologically active compound linked to a polar lipid such as ceramide with a specific linker such as a peptide that is specifically cleaved to activate the prodrug in a phagocytic mammalian cell infected with a microorganism.

Abstract: Compositions, and methods of use thereof, for use as blood substitute products comprise aqueous mixtures of oxygen-carrying and non-oxygen carrying plasma expanders and methods for the use thereof. The oxygen-carrying component may consist of any hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, while the non-oxygen carrying plasma expander my consist of any suitable diluent.

Abstract: Processes for improving the in vivo function of factor VIII by shielding exposed targets of the factor VIII comprise a) immobilizing the factor VIII by interaction with a group-specific adsorbent carrying ligands manufactured by organic-chemical synthesis, for preventing polymer coupling to reactive amino acids of the immobilized factor VIII, within or adjacent to interaction domains; b) activating a biocompatible polymer; c) conjugating the activated biocompatible polymer to external sites of the immobilized factor VIII; and thereafter d) eluting the conjugate from the adsorbent. Processes for administering factor VIII comprise subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally or intravenously administering a conjugate of factor VIII and a biocompatible polymer, and methods for treatment of hemophilia A comprise subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal or intravenous administration of a conjugate of factor VIII and a biocompatible polymer.

Abstract: A two-phase partition system is provided for affinity separation of a composition containing a polysaccharide binding peptide from a mixture such as a fermentation broth. The peptide may be from an enzyme and lacking in polysaccharidase activity such as the binding domain of cellulase that binds to cellulose. The system contains a phase-forming oligosaccharide polymer such as a cellulose derivative to which the peptide binds with a Ka of 10.sup.3 M to 10.sup.7 M, and a phase inducing agent such as a polyethylene glycol polymer, or a salt present at sufficiently high concentration to induce phase separation. If the oligosaccharide polymer is thermoseparating, phase separation can be induced by heating. Using the system involves contacting a composition containing the peptide such as a fusion protein with the system, partitioning the composition into a phase containing the oligosaccharide polymer by binding to the polymer and recovering the polymer containing the bound composition.