Abstract: A portion of an organic polymer article such as a membrane is made hydrophilic by exposing a hydrophobic surface of the article to a depth of about 50 to about 5000 angstroms to atomic oxygen or hydroxyl radicals at a temperature below 100.degree. C., preferably below 40.degree. C., to form a hydrophilic uniform surface layer of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups. The atomic oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are generated by a flowing afterglow microwave discharge, and the surface is outside of a plasma produced by the discharge. A membrane having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces can be used in an immunoassay by adhering antibodies to the hydrophobic surface. In another embodiment, the membrane is used in cell culturing where cells adhere to the hydrophilic surface. Prior to adhering cells, the hydrophilic surface may be grafted with a compatibilizing compound.

Abstract: Graft copolymers comprising a poly-alpha-olefin base polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and compatible mixtures thereof, having grafted thereto an olefinic monomer. The grafted monomer is present in an amount effective to increase the amount of protein that will bind to the graft copolymer as compared with the base polymer.Also disclosed are polymer/protein compositions comprising a graft copolymer having a protein immobilized on the surface thereof, processes for the preparation of the above-described graft copolymers and compositions, methods of immobilizing proteins, and methods of immunoassay based on such immobilization.

Abstract: An affinity support having an improved capacity for binding target compounds. The support includes an immobilized modified ligand of increased molecular weight. The molecular weight of the ligand is increased via the action of condensation reagents or crosslinkers prior to immobilization. The affinity support is useful in affinity separations of proteins and other biomolecules from complex, biologically-derived fluids.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for performing a multiple synthesis of peptides on a solid carrier. Active components are successively bonded to functional groups anchored on a carrier. The carrier comprises a planar porous material divided into functionalized compartments, into which an active component is put, via a dispensing head.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to multifunctional thrombo-resistant coatings for use with biomedical devices and implants, such as a coating which includes a siloxane surface onto which a plurality of amine functional groups have been bonded. Covalently bonded to the amine functional groups are a plurality of poly(ethylene oxide) chains, such that a single poly(ethylene oxide) chain is bonded to a single amine functional group. A plurality of different bioactive molecules, designed to counteract specific blood-material incompatibility reactions, are covalently bonded to poly(ethylene oxide) chains, such that a single bioactive molecule is coupled to a single polyethylene oxide chain.The methods of manufacturing the present invention include preparing a material having a siloxane surface onto which a plurality of amine functional groups have been bonded. This is achieved by plasma etching with ammonia gas or by plasma polymerization of a siloxane monomer in the presence of ammonia gas.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to thrombo-resistant coatings for use with gas permeable biomedical devices and implants. The coatings include a siloxane surface onto which a plurality of amine functional groups have been bonded. Covalently bonded to the amine functional groups are a plurality of poly(ethylene oxide) chains, such that a single poly(ethylene oxide) chain is bonded to a single amine functional group. A quantity of at least one bioactive molecule designed to counteract a specific blood-material incompatibility reaction is covalently bonded to the poly(ethylene oxide) chains, such that a single bioactive molecule is coupled to a single polyethylene oxide chain.The methods of manufacturing the present invention include preparing a material having a siloxane surface onto which a plurality of amine functional groups have been bonded. This is preferably achieved by plasma etching with ammonia gas.

Abstract: A treatment for metallic surfaces and devices having metallic surfaces is described. A film of heptafluorobutylmethacrylate (HFBMA) is applied to a surface by radiofrequency (RF) plasma deposition and subsequently treated with a biologically active agent. A water vapor RF plasma treatment of the HFBMA coating provides reactive groups thereon which can covalently bond to the biologically active agent. Alternatively, a spacer group can be bonded to the activated HFBMA and the biologically active agent can then be bonded to the spacer group. Devices coated according to the invention possess enhanced biocompatibility and the HFBMA coatings are durable even under severe crimping and expansion conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for immobilizing a protein or protein containing substance. The material to be immobilized is aggregated, contacted in a liquid with a hydrophilic solid phase and the solid phase, after contact has taken place, is dried. The present invention is also concerned with the solid phase prepared by this process and with the use thereof for analytical determination.

Abstract: A composition which can bind heparin and promote cellular adhesion and neurite outgrowth is provided which consists essentially of a polypeptide of the formula:tyr-glu-lys-pro-gly-ser-pro-pro-arg-glu-val-val-pro-arg-pro-arg-pro-gly-vallys-asn-asn-gln-lys-ser-glu-pro-leu-ile-gly-arg-lys-lys-thr-asp-glu-leu,lys-asn-asn-gln-lys-ser-glu-pro-leu-ile-gly-arg-lys-lys-thr,leu-ile-gly-arg-lys-lys-thr,tyr-arg-val-arg-val-thr-pro-lys-glu-lys-thr-gly-pro-met-lys-glu,ser-pro-pro-arg-arg-ala-arg-val-thr,trp-gln-pro-pro-arg-ala-arg-ile,or mixtures thereof. Medical devices such as prosthetic implants, percutaneous devices and cell culture substrates coated with the polypeptide composition are also provided. Cell culture substrates provided can be made of a synthetic resin and in the form of a bead, microporous fiber or well of a microtiter plate.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided, where oligopeptides are produced on a transparent surface while retaining transparency by the cyclical addition of protected monomers. Reagents are specifically selected to allow for efficient reproducible addition, while maintaining transparency of the support. Linkers are provided which permit retention of the oligopeptide to the surface or release of the oligopeptide at completion of the preparation of the oligopeptide. The oligopeptide bound to the support finds use in diagnostic assays, as well as other application, while the free oligopeptides may be used in a variety of ways.

Abstract: A surface-modified fibrillated fiber composition is disclosed herein which comprises polyacrylonitrile homopolymer or copolymer and a surface of pendant N-haloamide groups. Also disclosed is a process for the production of said composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a carbohydrate-binding lectin derivative for use as immune modulators or immunoconjugates. The polymer-lectin conjugate produced in accordance with the process is polyethylene glycol Ricinus communis agglutinin I (PEG-RCAI). The lectin is coupled to the polymer by activating the polymer with a coupling agent such as 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole. The polymer-lectin conjugate is biologically active, biocompatible and is expected to be substantially non-immunogenic.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed herein which comprises a core of a polyacrylonitrile homopolymer or copolymer and a surface of N-haloamides. Also disclosed is a process for the production of said composition.

Abstract: A porous carrier containing an immobilized biologically active material is prepared in which a relatively large amount of an enzyme or an antibody has been immobilized in a manner that produces a low diffusion resistance toward reagents and products. The porous carrier is produced by fixing enzymes or antibodies within internal micropores of the carrier and mechanically compressing the carrier to a final thickness which is in the range of about 0.20 to 0.80 times the uncompressed carrier thickness. The compressed carrier may have a density about 1.25 to about 5.0 times the density of the carrier before compressing. Surprisingly, the compressed carrier exhibits less diffusion resistance to specific reagents and products than would an uncompressed carrier. A preferred porous carrier is a semi-permeable membrane made from synthetic polymers, such as polyvinylidine difluoride.

Abstract: The invention provides a means for attaching a label, support or bioactive agent to a protein with an exopeptidase at a site that is remote from the active site of the protein. More specifically the invention is directed to a method for the attachment of an amino acid, amine and alcohol nucleophile to the carboxyl terminus of a protein. In one embodiment, a labeled nucleophile is attached to a protein such as an antibody. In other embodiments, the invention is directed to a method for the attachment of a protein to an immobilization support and to a method for the attachment of a bioactive agent to a protein.

Abstract: A surface-modified fibrillated fiber composition is disclosed herein which comprises polyacrylonitrile homopolymer or copolymer and a surface of pendant N-haloamide groups. Also disclosed is a process for the production of said composition.

Abstract: Biomolecules such as a ligand or binder for the ligand are securely but reversibly attached to a perfluorocarbon carrier with a water soluble polymer, a perfluorocarbon anchoring group and optionally a linker group. The order of steps for carrying out the attachment can vary. For example, the biomolecule is covalently attached to the polymer followed by covalently attaching the anchoring group and attaching the resultant product to the carrier. Alternatively, the anchoring group is covalently attached to the polymer followed by attaching the resultant product to the carrier and then covalently attaching a biomolecule to the polymer. The polymer may be starch, dextran, agarose, polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl alcohol. An attached ligand or binder for the ligand is useful in affinity separations and immunoassays.

Abstract: A phosphazene polymer for immobilizing biologically active substances such as enzymes is prepared that does not lower activity originally possessed by the biologically active substance and does not contain a functionality which can adsorb undesired substances. The polymer has organic radicals having a functional group capable of binding a biologically active substance and organic radicals which are non-reactive and hydrophilic. The non-reactive and hydrophilic organic radicals are preferably prepared by reacting a side chain of the polymer having a primary amino group with formaldehyde or by diazotizing the primary amino group followed by hydrolysis to form a hydroxyl group. A biologically active substance immobilized on the polymer can be used to separate a substance that has affinity for the immobilized biologically active substance.

Abstract: A bead composition is disclosed herein which comprises a core of a polyacrylonitrile homopolymer or copolymer and a surface of pendant N-haloamide groups. Also disclosed is a process for the production of said composition.

Abstract: A specific binding pair is bound to an insoluble carrier for use in determining an analyte such as in an immunoassay. The carrier is coated with a first polymer containing a protein polymer having a molecular weight of at least about 20,000 and molecules of a first member of a specific binding pair. A second polymer containing a second member of the specific binding pair is bound to the first member on the carrier by binding of the first and second members of the specific binding pair. The first polymer is preferably more hydrophobic than the second polymer. The protein polymer can be prepared by cross-linking hydrophobic protein molecules of 10,000 to 700,000 molecular weight with a bifunctional or polyfunctional compound to obtain a protein polymer of 200,000 to 20,000,000 molecular weight. The second polymer can be the second member of the specific binding pair or the second member cross-linked with a linker or the second member cross-linked to a hydrophobic protein.

Abstract: A modified solid carrier is used to covalently immobilize biomolecules such as proteins. The carrier is based on well-known matrix materials modified to have covalently bound functional groups of formula I ##STR1## that are suitable for covalent immobilization, where A is a spacer group; X is O, S, or NH and n is 0 or 1. The modified solid carrier is prepared by reacting ammonia with glycidyl groups of a carrier to form .alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.-amino groups, reacting these groups with 2,4,6-trichloro-s-triazine to form an N-triazinyl group-containing carrier, reacting this carrier with ammonia and reacting the resultant carrier with 2,4,6-trichloro-s-triazine.

Abstract: A method for attaching a reactive amine- or sulfhydryl-containing compound to polymeric particles using dication ether salts is disclosed.

Abstract: Polyacrylonitrile is chemically modified with HX (Cl, Br, I, CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3 H) to produce a polymer with readily replaceable X groups. The modified polyacrylonitrile is useful as an immobilization substrate for, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to multifunctional thrombo-resistant coatings for use with biomedical devices and implants, such as a coating which includes a siloxane surface onto which a plurality of amine functional groups have been bonded. Covalently bonded to the amine functional groups are a plurality of poly(ethylene oxide) chains, such that a single poly(ethylene oxide) chain is bonded to a single amine functional group. A plurality of different bioactive molecules, designed to counteract specific blood-material incompatibility reactions, are covalently bonded to poly(ethylene oxide) chains, such that a single bioactive molecule is coupled to a single polyethylene oxide chain.The methods of manufacturing the present invention include preparing a material having a siloxane surface onto which a plurality of amine functional groups have been bonded. This is achieved by plasma etching with ammonia gas or by plasma polymerization of a siloxane monomer in the presence of ammonia gas.

Abstract: Compositions for the treatment of cancerous tissues in warm-blooded animals containing both an anticancer drug and a photoactivatable drug attached to copolymeric carriers are made up of a member selected from the group consisting of (a) a copolymeric carrier having attached thereto both an anticancer drug and a photoactivatable drug, (b) a mixture of copolymeric carriers wherein one copolymeric carrier has attached an anticancer drug and the other copolymeric carrier has attached a photoactivatable drug and (c) a combination of (a) and (b). The anticancer drug is attached to the polymeric carrier by side-chains which are stable in the blood stream of the warm-blooded animal but susceptible to hydrolysis by lysosomal enzymes intracellularly. The photoactivatable drug is attached by either the same degradable side-chain or by a non-degradable attachment. The polymer carrier may optionally contain a targeting moiety.

Abstract: Reagents and method for the C-terminal sequencing of proteins and peptides are disclosed. The reagents include sodium trimethylsilanolate and trimethyl N-oxide. Derivatized, activated polyethylene supports for peptide samples subjected to C-terminal sequencing are described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aqueous dispersions of magnetizable polymer particles with a narrow distribution from aqueous dispersions with a wide distribution. The amount of water in the aqueous dispersion with a wide distribution is adjusted so that the proportion by weight of magnetizable polymer particles is between about 1 and 40% of said dispersion. The surfactant concentration of the dispersion after the water adjustment is increased until two phases are obtained: a so-called liquid phase and a so-called solid phase. After separation of these two phases is accomplished, these steps are repeated as desired. An aqueous dispersion with a narrow size distribution is recovered.

Abstract: A process for covalently bonding biopolymer, such as protein, to an organic polymer surface coated with hydrophilic nonionic polymer having groups reactive with the biopolymer and having a cloud point in the reaction medium that is at least 5.degree. C. above the temperature at which the coated organic polymer surface is to be used, which comprises reacting biopolymer with the surface in an aqueous reaction medium, at a temperature not less than 5.degree. C. below the cloud point; but not above a temperature at which the biopolymer is deleteriously affected, and preferably not above about 100.degree. C., the product comprises a biopolymer immobilized on a hydrophilic solid surface having a nonionic polymer and a hydrophilic layer, coupled thereto via biopolymer-reactive groups of the nonionic polymer, and accordingly has low spontaneous adsorption of proteins and other biopolymers through electrostatic attraction and/or hydrophobic interaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of binding biologically active organic ligands to hydroxyl groups of polymeric carriers. The method involves bringing 4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl Chloride into reactive contact with the hydroxyl groups of polymeric carriers in such a manner to form sulfonate groups in place of the hydroxyl groups. The ligand is then brought into reactive contact with the hydroxyl groups of polymeric carriers to replace the sulfonate groups reacted with the organic ligand. The polymeric carrier containing the bound ligand can be used to isolate a biologically active material from a heterogeneous solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to radio-derivatized polymers and a method of producing them by contacting non-polymerizable conjugands with radiolysable polymers in the presence of irradiation. The resulting radio-derivatized polymers can be further linked with ligands of organic or inorganic nature to immobilize such ligands.

Abstract: A method of detecting or determining the sequence of monomers which is a topological equivalent of the epitope which is complementary to a particular paratope of an antibody of interest, comprises the steps of: 1) synthesizing a plurality of catamer preparations; each of the catamer preparations consisting of a plurality of catamers in which the composition at one or more designated positions in each catamer is known, and the composition at the remaining positions is randomly made up from members of a defined set of monomers; and the plurality of catamer preparations comprises preparations in which the composition at the designated positions is systematically varied to contain members from a defined set of monomers; 2) contacting each of the plurality of catamer preparations with the antibody of interest; and 3) detecting or determining the presence or absence of binding between each of the plurality of catamer preparations and the given antibody to indicate a partial sequence of the mimotopes for the paratop

Abstract: The present invention is directed to multifunctional thrombo-resistant coatings for use with biomedical devices and implants, such as a coating which includes a siloxane surface onto which a plurality of amine functional groups have been bonded. Covalently bonded to the amine functional groups are a plurality of poly(ethylene oxide) chains, such that a single poly(ethylene oxide) chain is bonded to a single amine functional group. A plurality of different bioactive molecules, designed to counteract specific blood-material incompatibility reactions, are covalently bonded to poly(ethylene oxide) chains, such that a single bioactive molecule is coupled to a single polyethylene oxide chain. The method of manufacturing the present invention include preparing a material having a siloxane surface onto which a plurality of amine functional groups have been bonded. This is achieved by plasma etching with ammonia gas or by plasma polymerization of a siloxane monomer in the presence of ammonia gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of immobilizing proteins on a polymeric matrix by means of plasma activation and an apparatus and process for the use of such material. The protein mixture is applied to the surface of the polymeric matrix with or without the addition of a crosslinking agent. It is then placed into a plasma generator, wherein the functional groups on both the protein and the matrix molecules are activated to form free radicals. Upon returning from their high energy state, the free radicals form covalent bonds between the proteins and between the protein and the polymeric matrix. Using this method, the proteins are nonspecifically immobilized on the surface of the polymeric matrix. The method can be utilized to immobilize proteins on the surfaces of polymeric membranes, polymeric beads, polymeric tubes and polymeric plates. The immobilized protein has high biological activity and stability.

Abstract: A device for immunological techniques is prepared containing a macroporous hydrophobic synthetic polymer cloth having antibodies or antigens directly adsorbed therein and directly absorbed and immobilized thereon. The cloth has a thickness of more than about 200 .mu.m and has spaces between fibres exceeding about 20 .mu.m in diameter, and preferably has a Frazier Air permeability, in CFM/ft.sup.2 at 0.5" H.sub.2 O of from about 215 to about 750 for thickness of from about 11 to about 40 mils such that it can accommodate a large volume of liquid per surface area, that it has a large surface area, and that it has minimum flow resistance. In immunoassays antibodies may be directly adsorbed therein and directly absorbed and immobilized thereon, and specific antigens from a selected test sample, may then be captured by the antibodies, to be detected conventionally.

Abstract: Useful materials for diagnostic tests, affinity chromatography, enzymatic reactions and immunoassays are prepared by covalently attaching reactive compounds containing reactive amino or sulfhydryl groups to polymeric particles having pendant carboxyl groups on the outer surfaces. Such reactive compounds include biologically reactive species, including enzymes, polypeptides and proteins. This attachment is carried out using specific carbamoylonium compounds, namely certain 1-(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)pyridinium salts. These compounds react with the carboxyl groups on the particles to form intermediate reactive groups which then react with the amino or sulfhydryl groups to form a covalent linkage between particle and reactive compound. A kit comprises polymeric particles having carboxyl groups on the outer surfaces, and a 1-(1-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)pyridinium salt.

Abstract: Methods for modifying polyhydroxylated materials by the direct covalent bonding of nucleophilic ligands to the former sites of hydroxyl groups on the material are disclosed. More specifically, methods for activating the surface of polyhydroxylated materials such as silica, which can serve as stationary phases in various chromatographic methods, are disclosed. The silica is first contacted with a reagent, e.g., a phosphorylating agent, effective to cleave the O--H bond of at least one of said hydroxyl groups and introduce through an --O-- linkage a moiety amenable to nucleophilic displacement; and the product of step (a) is then contacted with a suitable nucleophilic ligand.

Abstract: A process for surface modifying a variety of polymeric support surfaces is disclosed in which a predetermined modifying polymer is irreversibly absorbed onto essentially all the surfaces of the support polymer accessible to the modifying polymer. The modifying polymer is selected to impart the desired surface characteristics to the modified polymeric surface.

Abstract: The invention provides a superoxide dismutase derivative of the general formula[SOD][Z].sub.nwherein [SOD] represents a superoxide dismutase having 1 to 22 or 24 groups each derived from an amino group by removal of one hydrogen atom in lieu of amino groups; [Z] represents a monovalent copolymer group, constituting units of which are a group of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each represents a hydrogen atom or a residue derived by removal of a hydroxyl group from an alkanol of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether containing an alkyl moiety of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a glycerin dialkyl ether containing alkyl moieties of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that either R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 and either R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 each represents a hydrogen atom, and a residue derived from the group of the above-mentioned formula by removal of OR.sup.1, OR.sup.2, OR.sup.3 or OR.sup.4 group from one of its COOR.sup.1, COOR.sup.2, COOR.sup.3 and COOR.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the stabilization of biologically active substances which are immobilized on a carrier, where the solid phase with the immobilized biologically active substance is contacted for the stabilization with a solution which contains polyanetholesulfonic acid and/or salts thereof. The biologically active substances are, in particular, antibodies.

Abstract: A carrier fleece is prepared for use as reagent carrier from which reagents can be dissolved in as assay such as immunological analysis. The carrier fleece contains from 5 to 60% by weight of cellulose-containing fibers, from 40 to 95% by weight of polyester or polyamide polymer fibers or a combination thereof and from 5 to 30% by weight of the fibers of an organic binding agent which has a hydroxyl or an ester group or a combination thereof. In an immunological analysis, the carrier fleece is impregnated with an immunologically active agent such as a beta-galactosidase conjugate and then introduced into a solution of a sample containing an immunologically active substance to be analyzed. The immunologically active agent is eluted into the sample solution and the presence of the immunologically active substance in the sample is determined.

Abstract: Langmuir-Blodgett films having hydrophobic surfaces are chemically modified to convert the hydrophobic surfaces to hydrophilic surfaces for immobilization of active moieties having bioactive, immunoactive, thermoactive, electroactive, optoactive or redoxactive properties. Langmuir-Blodgett films having a hydrophobic surface of omega unsaturated covalent bonds are formed from an amphiphilic, bifunctional surface active material having a hydrophobic tail group bearing an omega terminus of double or triple bonded unsaturation. The amphiphilic material may be fatty acids, phospholipids or porphyrins, and is preferably omega-tricosenoylamide or omega-tricosenoic acid. Chemical modification is carried out by exposing the hydrophobic surface to a reagent such as alkaline or acidic potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate or osmium tetroxide which oxidizes the omega unsaturated covalent bonds to provide hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl or carboxylic acid groups.

Abstract: A system for stabilizing fibroblast-derived growth factors, maintaining their bioactivity over a prolonged period of time and controllably releasing them for use is disclosed. The system uses growth factors bound to biocompatible substrates via heparin or heparin derived compounds to maintain the bioactivity of the growth factors. A growth factor bound to a heparin coated substrate can be used independently as a controlled release device, or can be incorporated into a reservoir or matrix type controlled release devices to further enhance the controlled release properties. The stabilized growth factors can be implanted into a patient, thereby providing a means for producing an in vivo controlled release of a growth factor to the patient.

Abstract: A solid support useful for bioaffinity and ion-exchange separations and enzyme immobilization is provided. The support is based on a non-perfluorocarbon solid carrier core coated with a nonionic fluorosurfactant-coated fluorocarbon interlayer to which a ligand or a binder for the ligand is securely, but reversibly attached through a reactive perfluorocarbon anchor compound. Also provided is a solid support useful for size exclusion separations. Such support is based on a non-perfluorocarbon carrier core coated with a nonionic fluorosurfactant-coated fluorocarbon interlayer.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for immobilizing proteins or peptides onto a flat, microporous membrane surface in a form suitable for sequence analysis or other chemical or enzymatic processes. The process involves the formation of a thin polymer network that entraps the protein or peptide therein.

Abstract: Reagents useful for the C-terminal sequencing of proteins and peptides are disclosed. The reagents include sodium trimethylsilanolate and trimethyl N-oxide. The reagents are used as cleaving reagents in a method for the sequential C-terminal degradation of peptides and proteins.

Abstract: A method for the selective extraction of beta-lactoglobulin and other proteins from whey or milk by means of subunit exchange chromatography and for the deproteinization of whey by subsequent chromatography on an ion exchange resin.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing extremely tight binding of proteins to surfaces and to a protein surface wherein the protein is tightly bound to the surface.

Abstract: Thromboresistant materials are disclosed comprising hirudin or hirudin derivatives covalently linked to support materials such that the resultant composition has substantially the same biological activity as hirudin. Methods for making such compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: An adsorbent for .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin is disclosed, which comprises a water-insoluble carrier having supported thereon, as a ligand, at least one electrolyte selected from the group consisting of a polyamino acid, a polysaccharide, a synthetic high polymer, collagen having an isoelectric point of 9.5 or more, and gelatin having an isoelectric point of 6.5 or more, wherein said electrolyte has a molecular weight not less than 1,000 and an X value of more than 2.0, wherein X is a relationship regarding the skeleton structure of said electrolyte and is the sum of A and B, wherein A represents (the number of carbon atoms of the skeleton structure)-(the number of hydrophilic groups)/(the number of hydrophilic groups); and B represents .vertline.(the number of cationic groups)-(the number of anionic groups).vertline./(the number of hydrophilic groups). The adsorbent exhibits adsorptivity for .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin at high efficiency and high selectivity.

Abstract: Homogeneous cyclophilin, a soluble binding protein, having a specific binding activity of above 50 ug cyclosporin A per mg protein and a molecular weight of about 17,600 daltons, reversibly binds immunosuppressants or antibodies thereto such as cyclosporin or anti-cyclophilin. It is isolated from the cytosol of several different mammalian tissues and can be used in various diagnostic and purifications procedures.