Abstract: The instant invention relates to mixed salts of optical brighteners of formula (1), wherein M represents a mixture of Mg2+ with another cation, which provide for superior optical brightening effects when applied to the surface of paper.

Abstract: A composition having antimicrobial activity is provided. The composition includes a compound mixture obtained from pulverized and/or extracted wood material that contains polyphenols (i) lignans, (ii) stilbenes and (iii) oligomers of lignans, stilbenes juvabiones or flavonoids. The cytotoxicity of the polyphenols in the compound mixture is at least ten times lower compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and does not irritate the skin in a so-called single patch test at 0.1 wt %. The composition further includes an antimicrobial agent such as betulin, betulonic acid, betulinic acid, betuloinic acid, resveratrol or ethylhexyl glyceryl. The composition can be used in cosmetic and hair care products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a azo dyestuff compound of the following formula (I), of which the free acid is represented by the following formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and n are defined as in the specification. The azo dyestuff compound of formula (I) of the present invention is used for preparing polarizing film. The present invention also relates to a polarizing film comprising the azo dyestuff compound of formula (I), which has excellent degree of polarization.

Abstract: The dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## in which D is the radical of a diazo component,SO.sub.2 X is the radical of a fibre-reactive group,and the remaining substituents have the meaning given in the descriptionare suitable for dyeing and printing hydroxyl- and amido-containing materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of concentrated storage-stable aqueous solutions of yellow azo- and azoxystilbene dyes which are obtained by self-condensation of 4-nitrotoluene-2-sulfonic acid in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide, by converting the sparingly soluble alkali metal salt of the dye into a water-soluble ammonium salt by double cation exchange via a lipophilic ammonium salt, which process comprises carrying out the double ion exchange in a two-phase system of nitrobenzene/water and using, for the first ion exchange a di- or trialkylamine containing a total of 12 to 40 carbon atoms and, for the second ion exchange, a mono-, di- or trialkanolamine containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms in each alkyl moiety.The concentrated storage-stable dye solutions so obtained are particularly suitable for dyeing paper.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of concentrated stable liquid dye solutions of CI Direct Yellow 11 starting with the tetrasodium complex of the stilbeneazo(xy) based-catalyzed condensation of 4-nitro-toluene-2-sulfonic acid, the wet-cake or the dried technical grade of the condensed tetrasodium complex. The process comprises the steps of forming an aqueous suspension of the starting materials which are admixed with the extended surface silica filter aid and the resulting slurry is acidified with a strong inorganic acid to pH below about 2.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of concentrated stable liquid dye solutions of CI Direct Yellow 11 starting with the product of the basic condensation of para-nitrotoluene-ortho-sulfonic acid in the form of its tetrasodium reaction mass or the wet filter cake separation of the solids from said mass and the reaction liquids or the dry technical grade sodium complex which is the dried filter cake. The solid starting material is suspended in a lower alkanol/water medium; the suspension is acidified to a pH below about 2.5 to acidify each sulfo moiety on the chromophore and to form the free inorganic salt; this acidified suspension is heated to assure completion of the metathetical salt-forming reaction; after sufficient heating, the mixture of the acidified chromophore and the salt is neutralized to a pH in the range 6.0 to 7.