Abstract: The present disclosure relates to corrosion inhibitor compositions, formulations, and compounds. The compositions, formulations, and compounds may be used is various methods to inhibit corrosion of metallic surfaces in aqueous environments. In some embodiments, the metallic surface may include one or more of copper, iron, brass, nickel, aluminium, manganese, lead, and bronze.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a novel fluoropolymer characterized by a dichloroamino-functionalized perfluoroether pendant group that terminates in —CF2NCl2. The polymer so formed is crosslinkable and useful for the preparation of shaped articles and photo-imaged coatings. The novel fluoropolymer can be thermally treated to form crosslinked fluoropolymers with highly stable perfluoroalkylene crosslinks. The novel fluoropolymer is conveniently prepared by treating a cyano-functionalized fluoropolymer with Cl—F.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a preparation process of azo compounds which comprises the reaction between at least: one amine or polyamine, molecular oxygen, a catalyst formed by at least one support selected from among at least one metal oxide of one of the elements of groups 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 13, silica, anionic laminar compound of hydrotalcite type or its derivatives, active carbon or an organic polymer. In addition, said catalyst may contain gold nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dyes of the formula (I), in which R1 to R4, D1, f, and M are defined as indicated in claim 1, to processes for preparing them, and to their use for dyeing and printing hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing materials.

Abstract: Reactive dyes of formula (I), wherein D is a radical of formulae (II, IV, VI) or (VII), R1 is hydrogen, acetyl, sulfo, ?,?-dibromopropionylamino, ?-bromoacryloylamino, ?-chlomethylsulfonylbutyrylamino, ?-sulfatoethylsulfonylbutyrylamino or vinylsulfonylbutyrylamino, R2 is methyl or methoxy, X is halogen, Y is vinyl or ?-sulfatoethyl and Z is hydroxy, vinyl or ?-sulfatoethyl, are suitable especially for dyeing cotton and yield dyeings having good all-round fastness properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to an amino acid based on a naturally occurring non-polar, non-aromatic ?-amino acid, wherein said amino acid differs from the naturally occurring counterpart in that the side chain contains a diazirine ring. Furthermore provided are methods of synthesizing a (poly)peptide with one or more amino acids of the invention incorporated, methods for cross-linking interacting molecules, methods of synthesizing the amino acids of the invention, and a kit comprising the amino acids of the invention.

Abstract: The preparation of symmetrical azodinitriles prepared from keto acids is disclosed. A keto acid of the formula ##STR1## is reacted with M(CN).sub.x and an ammonia source to obtain an aminonitrile metal carboxylate of the formula ##STR2## The aminonitrile metal carboxylate is reacted with M.sub.1 (OCl).sub.x with the proviso that no alcohol or surface active agent is utilized to form a metal salt of an azo compound. This metal salt is reacted with mineral acid to give the symmetrical azodinitrile compound of the formula ##STR3## R.sub.1 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is an alkylene group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms. M is a metal comprising lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium; M.sub.1 is a metal comprising sodium, potassium or calcium; and x is the valence of M and M.sub.1.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the preparation of mixed azodinitriles initiators of the formulae ##STR1## These initiators are prepared by reacting a keto acid of the formula ##STR2## with M(CN).sub.x, a hydrazine source, a ketone of the formula ##STR3## and hydrochloric acid to form ##STR4## The hydrazo intermediates are reacted with chlorine gas in the presence of acetone solvent to oxidize the mixture of hydrazo intermediates to the mixed azonitrile initiators. R.sub.1 is an alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is non-existent or an alkylene group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene or alkyl cycloalkylene group containing from about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl groups containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, or one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an alkoxy group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and M is a metal comprising lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the preparation of an azonitrile initiator having both a low salt and low water content of the formula ##STR1## This initiator is prepared by reacting a keto acid of the formula ##STR2## with M(CN).sub.x, a hydrazine source, and hydrochloric acid to form ##STR3## The hydrazo intermediate is reacted with chlorine gas in the presence of acetone to oxidize the hydrazo intermediate to the azonitrile initiator. After oxidation, the reaction mixture is permitted to separate into layers. The bottom aqueous layer is removed and discarded. The upper acetone-azonitrile initiator level is treated with solid calcium chloride or a saturated calcium chloride or sodium chloride solution. This salting out procedure generates an additional water layer that further contains (M(Cl).sub.x. The final acetone-azonitrile initiator solution has a low salt and low water content.R.sub.1 is an alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, R.sub.

Abstract: The preparation of mixed, symmetrical azonitrile initiators prepared from keto acids and aminonitrile is disclosed. A keto acid of the formula ##STR1## is reacted with M(CN).sub.x and an ammonia source to obtain an aminonitrile metal carboxylate of the formula ##STR2## The aminonitrile metal carboxylate is reacted with M.sub.1 (OCl).sub.x in the presence of a surfactant to form an azonitrile metal carboxylate. The excess M.sub.1 (OCl).sub.x is reacted with an aminonitrile of the formula ##STR3## in the presence of the surfactant to form a symmetrical azonitrile initiator ##STR4## The aminonitrile metal carboxylate is reacted with mineral acid to give the symmetrical azonitrile compound of the formula ##STR5## R.sub.1 is an alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is an alkylene group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms. M is a metal comprising lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium; M.sub.

Abstract: An azoimino ether, which is an intermediate for preparing polymerization initiators, is prepared by reacting a hydrazonitrile having a hydrazo group and at least one cyano group in the molecule with chlorine in the presence of an alcohol, in a non-aqueous organic solvent.

Abstract: Preparation of diazo compounds by transfer of diazo groups to activated methylene compounds, characterized in that an azidoformamidinium salt is used as the diazo group transferring agent, and also preparation of azo compounds by this route.

Abstract: The invention is directed toward compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, chloro or fluoro; n is an integer independently selected from 0 to 2; and X is a halogen selected from the group consisting of chloro and fluoro.Compounds of this invention are useful as intermediates in the preparation of the corresponding diamine compounds resulting from the reductive cleavage of the azo linkage. They may also be used to prepare dyestuffs and photosensitive materials.

Abstract: A bisazo compound having good electrophotographic properties is disclosed, which is represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X represents a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom or a nitro group. A process for producing the bisazo compound is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns azo compounds of formula ##STR1## or a salt thereof, in which formula R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are each independently alkyl of 1 to 7 carbon atom or cycloalkyl of 5 to 7 carbon atoms optionally substituted by lower alkyl which possess anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: A universally usable process for preparing azo dyestuffs by oxidative coupling consists in carrying out the oxidation in the presence of redox mediators with a standard potential of 0.2-1.5 volts and, if appropriate, an additional oxidizing agent with a standard potential of 0.25-2.5 volts, wherein the sum of the oxidation equivalents should be at least 4. The preferred redox mediator is iodine. The process is particularly suitable for the preparation of heteroaromatic azo dyestuffs using an aniline coupling component.

Abstract: Mixtures of azolakanes of varying thermal stabilities at least one of which is an unsymmetrical azoalkane (R--N.dbd.N--R'), are prepared by reacting 4 equivalents of a mixture of two or more primary alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkylamines with 1 equivalent of sulfuryl chloride in an inert solvent and oxidizing the resulting mixture of sulfamide products with basic bleach. The unsymmetrical azoalkanes can be separated from the symmetrical azoalkanes by a variety of conventional techniques. The azoalkane mixtures are excellent polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers and curing agents for unsaturated polyester resins.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a diazocyano acid, which comprises reacting a keto-acid or its sodium salt with a cyanogen compound such as sodium cyanide or hydrogen cyanide and a hydrazine in water to form a concentrated aqueous solution of a hydrazo compound, adding acetone and/water to the concentrated aqueous solution to form a solution of the hydrazo compounds, adding chlorine gas to the solution to oxidize the hydrazo compound and form a diazocyano acid, adding acetone to the obtained reaction mixture during or after the oxidation if necessary, and separating and recovering the supernatant layer of the acetone-water solution containing the diazocyano acid from the mixture.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a diazocyano acid, which comprises reacting a keto-acid or its sodium salt with a cyanogen compound such as sodium cyanide or hydrogen cyanide and a hydrazine in water to form a concentrated aqueous solution of a hydrazo compound, adding acetone or acetone and water to the concentrated aqueous solution to form an acetone-water solution of the hydrazo compound, adding an oxidant such as chlorine gas to the solution to oxidize the hydrazo compound and form a diazocyano acid, forming at least two transparent liquid layers by adding acetone and/or water to the obtained reaction mixture during or after oxidation if necessary, and further adding sodium chloride to the reaction mixture if necessary, and separating and recovering the upper layer of the acetone-water solution containing the diazocyano acid from the mixture.

Abstract: An olefin, especially an activated olefin, is telomerized by reaction with an arylamine, such as an aniline, in the presence of an alkyl nitrite, a copper catalyst, and a catalytic amount of water and/or acid and in the absence of more than about 0.5 volume part of inert solvent per volume part of olefin.

Abstract: New inclusion compound, intercalation compounds or solid solutions which are the nickel salts or nickel complexes of a compound which, in one of its tauteromeric structures, corresponds to the formula ##STR1## which contain at least one other included compound, except for one composition of matter which consists of 45 to 82% by weight of azobarbituric acid/nickel 1:1 complex, 3 to 15% by weight of benzene-sulphonamide, 5 to 20% by weight of nickel acetate and 10 to 20% by weight of water and the use of these materials as pigments are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutanenitrile) in high yield, good quality and filtering and drying characteristics by reacting 2-amino-2-methylbutanenitrile with a metal hypochorite in the presence of water and a mixture of surface active compounds at a temperature of about -10.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C. and recovering the 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutanenitrile) from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Mixtures of azoalkanes of varying thermal stabilities at least one of which is an unsymmetrical azoalkane (R--N.dbd.N--R'), are prepared by reacting 4 equivalents of a mixture of two or more primary alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkylamines with 1 equivalent of sulfuryl chloride in an inert solvent and oxidizing the resulting mixture of sulfamide products with basic bleach. The unsymmetrical azoalkanes can be separated from the symmetrical azoalkanes by a variety of conventional techniques. The azoalkane mixtures are excellent polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers and curing agents for unsaturated polyester resins.

Abstract: Di-t-octyldiazene is prepared in improved yield, purity and economics by oxidizing N,N'-di-t-octylsulfamide with sodium hypochlorite solution in a strongly basic medium at a temperature of 65.degree.-90.degree. C. in a minimal amount of hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent for about 2 to 5 hours until completion of the reaction. The employment of phase transfer catalysts or t-butyl alcohol in the oxidation is optional. Di-t-octyldiazene is used as a polymerization initiator for vinyl monomers and as a curing agent for unsaturated polyester resins.