Abstract: Dark quencher constructs, termed “multi-chromophoric quenchers” are described herein that comprise at least two dark quenching moieties, which can be the same or different, linked together by at least one multivalent linking moiety. The structure of the multi-chromophoric quenchers can be varied to selectively enhance quenching within a specific range of reporter emission wavelengths, to quench a broader range of reporter emission wavelengths than previously possible, or can combine both concepts. Multiple types of quenching moieties can be employed to increase the absorption range and a multiple number of each type of quenching moiety can be used to increase the total absorptivity within the absorption range. The multi-chromophoric quenchers can be tethered to probes for biomolecules, insoluble supports and/or fluorescent dyes for use in a wide variety of biomolecular assays.

Abstract: Dichroic dyes, compositions thereof, and liquid crystal compositions, microencapsulated liquid crystal compositions and liquid-crystal display elements employing the same. The dichroic dyes have high photostability in addition to excellent solubility. Furthermore, the liquid crystal composition employing the above dichroic dyes can have an orientational order parameter more than 0.7.

Abstract: Dichroic dyes, dichroic dye compositions, and liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element containing the dichroic dyes. The dichroic dye has increased solubility and stability.

Abstract: Dichroic dyes, dichroic dye compositions, and liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element containing the dichroic dyes. The dichroic dye has increased solubility and stability.

Abstract: A process for preparing liquid formulations of dyes of the general formula I where the variables are as defined in the specification by diazotizing an amine of the formula II and then coupling the diazonium salt onto a compound of the formula III and also optionally adding solubilizing additives, which comprises effecting said diazotizing at a pH set to an acidic value using pure methanesulfonic acid or at least 20 mol % mixtures of methanesulfonic acid in monobasic acids.

Abstract: Cationic azo dyes of the general formula I where R1, R2, R3, A1, A2, B1, B2, An⊖, n and K have the meaning given in the specification are prepared and used for the dyeing and printing of natural or synthetic substrates and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) or a mixture thereof ##STR1## The compounds are useful as solvent dyestuffs and exhibit high solubility in alcoholic solvents, e.g. ethanol.

Abstract: A process for producing 4,6-bisphenylazoresorcinol of formula ?2! wherein R represents halogen atom, C.sub.1-5 alkyl group, hydroxycarbonyl or C.sub.1-5 alkoxy group, n represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, and two or more Rs are the same or different from each other, which comprises reacting resorcinol with a benzenediazonium salt of formula ?1! wherein R and n are the same as defined in the above formula ?1!, and X represents Cl, Br, OSO.sub.3 H or OPO.sub.3 H.sub.

Abstract: An azo compound of the following formulae (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein Q.sub.1 represents a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, Q.sub.2 represents a phenyl group; R represents hydroxy group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy group or a halogen atom; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy group or a substituted amino group; and X represents --NH--, --NHCO-- or --N.dbd.N--; or a salt thereof;and a polarizing film containing the same.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## iron complexes thereof and mixtures of such iron complexes, wherein D is a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic diazo component radical of the benzene series containing one --SO.sub.3 M group or is ##STR2## R.sub.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, chloro or C.sub.1-2 alkyl,wherein R' is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 hydroxyalkyl, methoxy(C.sub.2-4 alkyl) or ##STR3## R" is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 hydroxyalkyl or methoxy(C.sub.2-4 alkyl), or--NR'R" is a saturated 5- or 6-membered ring,R.sub.5 is hydrogen, chloro or C.sub.1-2 alkyl, andX is hydrogen or hydroxy,wherein each R.sub.2 is independently hydrogen, chloro, hydroxy, C.sub.1-2 alkyl, C.sub.1-2 alkoxy or --SO.sub.2 NR.sub.o R.sub.o, andeach R.sub.3 is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-2 alkyl, C.sub.1-2 alkoxy, --COOM, trifluoromethyl or --NR"'R"",wherein each R"' and R"" is independently C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 hydroxyalkyl, methoxy(C.sub.2-4 alkyl) or carbamoyl(C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of preparing a 4,6-bisarylazoresorcinol comprising reacting an aryldiazonium salt and resorcinol in the presence of a base and a reaction medium containing water and a water-miscible solvent at a temperature in the range of about -5.degree. C to about -60.degree. C. The present invention is also a method of preparing a 2-substituted 4,6-bisarylazoresorcinol comprising reacting an aryldiazonium salt with a 2-substituted resorcinol. The 4,6-bisarylazoresorcinol or 2-substituted 4,6-bisarylazoresorcinol can then be hydrogenated to a 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, which is a precursor to polybisbenzoxazoles (PBOs), polymers which are useful as insulators, solar arrays, and tear-resistant gloves.

Abstract: Fluent dye preparations useful for dyeing leather or wool containa) at least 15% of the weight of the dye preparation of one or more polyazo dyes in salt form which have one or more hydroxysulfonyl and/or carboxyl groups and may be present in the form of a 1:1 or 1:2 metal complex,b) from 2 to 15% of the weight of the dye preparation of a surfactant, andc) water.

Abstract: Mixtures of iron complexes of metallizable disazo compounds, at least one compound being of the formula ##STR1## and at least one compound being of the formula ##STR2## wherein the substituents have the meaning given in the specification, are useful for dyeing substrates dyeable with anionic dyes, e.g., leather.

Abstract: Bisazo compounds of formula (I), an intermediate for producing the bisazo compound of formula (I), and trisazo compounds of formula (II) for use in optical information recording media, and methods of producing these compounds are disclosed: ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; an aryl group selected from the group consisting of phenyl group, naphthyl group, mesityl group, and tri-t-butyl phenyl group; an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; a nitro group; a cyano group; chlorine; or bromine; n is an integer of 1, 2, or 3; and C.sub.p represents a coupler residue.

Abstract: A metal complex suitable as dyes for the dyeing of a wide range of textile and non-textile materials, particularly leather and fur, said metal complex of a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which D and D.sub.1, independently of one another, are each the radical of a diazo component of the benzene or naphthalene series and M is a phenylene radical which may be further substituted.

Abstract: Malonic acid dyes capable of forming polycondensation products have the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently of the other hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, chlorine or bromine,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl,A is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkylene which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms or by imino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylimino groups, andChr is the radical of a chromophore derived from an anthraquinone, perylene, disazo or trisazo dye or else, when R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, from a monoazo dye.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for coupling one or more different diazo components with resorcinol on an industrial scale. The process comprises adjusting and stabilizing the coupling pH of the resorcinol prior to the reaction with the aid of a buffer system and keeping it constant during the coupling reaction or reactions by controlling the ratio of flow of the streams of the diazo component or components and the base. The process makes it possible to prepare mono- and polyazo dyes in excellent uniform quality and yield.

Abstract: Polyazo dyes useful for dyeing leather in the free form or as copper, chromium, iron, cobalt or nickel complexes have the formula ##STR1## where m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 0 or 1, p is from 1 to 2, q is from 0 to 1, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, X, Y and the ring A are each as defined, and may be prepared from aniline derivatives of the formula ##STR2## where m is 0, 1, or 2, n is 0 or 1, and X, R.sup.1, R.sub.2 and R.sup.3 are each as defined.

Abstract: Water-soluble, anionic, chromium complexes of disazo compounds, at least one of the complex-forming disazo compounds being of the formula, ##STR1## in which ##STR2## is the radical of a carboxy group-containing diazo component of the benzene or naphthalene series, the carboxy group being ortho to the azo group and the diazo component being free from other metallizable groups, andB-- is the radical of a diazo component of the benzene or naphthalene series free from metallizable substituents,which complexes contain at least one water-solubilizing group, are in free acid or salt form and are useful for dyeing and printing substrates such as natural and synthetic polyamides, polyurethanes and anodized aluminum, particularly fur-lined leather.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## 1:1 and 1:2 metal complexes thereof, salts of such compounds and metal complexes and mixture thereof, whereineach of B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 is independently hydroxy or amino,each D is independently ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.5-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl or phenylethyl,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, cyano, --COOR.sub.4, --CONR.sub.5 R.sub.6, --SO.sub.2 NR.sub.5 R.sub.6, ##STR3## wherein each R.sub.3 is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6 or --CONR.sub.5 R.sub.6,R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl or phenyl(C.sub.1-3 alkyl),R.sub.7 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl,R.sub.8 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl, andR.sub.9 is --S--, --O-- or --NR.sub.5 --,R.sub.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy or C.sub.1-4 alkoxy,R.sub.2a is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or halo,M is hydrogen; C.sub.1-8 alkyl; (C.sub.1-4 alkoxy)C.sub.1-4 alkyl; C.sub.2-4 hydroxyalkyl; C.sub.5-6 cycloalkyl; C.sub.5-6 cycloalkyl substituted by 1 to 3 C.sub.1-4 alkyls; phenyl(C.sub.1-3 alkyl); phenyl (C.sub.

Abstract: 1:2 Cobalt complex dyes of the general formula I ##STR1## in which X.sub.1 is nitro or hydrogen, X.sub.2 is nitro, hydrogen, chlorine or methyl, Y.sub.1 is nitro or hydrogen, Y.sub.2 is nitro, hydrogen, chlorine or methyl, m and n, independently of each other, are each 1, 2 or 3, and Ka.sup.+ is a cation, and one of each pair of substituents X.sub.1 or X.sub.2 and Y.sub.1 or Y.sub.2 is nitro and the other is as defined but not nitro are especially suitable for dyeing wool or polyamide and, in particular, leather.

Abstract: Dyes which are 1:2-chromium complexes, containing one azo dye or azomethine dye and one disazo dye or trisazo dye. The dyes are suitable for dyeing wool, synthetic polyamides and leather.

Abstract: This invention relates to disazo dyes, and their metal complexes, which are useful for dyeing cellulosic fibers in lightfast and washfast hues. In addition, these dyes have high water solubility, a high degree of fixation, acceptable migration and high water solubility with reasonable cost.The disazo dyes have the structure: ##STR1## Wherein: R is selected from ##STR2## Wherein the azo bonds are ortho to the --OH or NH.sub.2 groups;R.sub.1 is H, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, or --CO.sub.2 M;R.sub.2 is H, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, Cl;R.sub.3 is lower alkylene;R.sub.4 is H, --lower alkyl;R.sub.5 is H, lower alkyl, --CO.sub.2 M;R.sub.6 is OH or --NH.sub.2 ;R.sub.7 is H, --CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 M;M is H, Na, Li, K, Mg, Ca, NH.sub.4 ; ##STR3## and n is 0, 1, 2.

Abstract: Iron complex dyes which are particularly suitable for dyeing leather in brown shades are obtained by coupling a naphthylaminesulfonic acid with resorcinol, subsequently coupling the reaction product with 4-nitro-2-aminophenol and metallizing with an iron compound.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula ##STR1## where Y is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or nitro, Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, a sulfonic ester group or unsubstituted or substituted sulfamyl, X is --O-- or ##STR2## R is alkylene which may or may not be interrupted by oxygen or ##STR3## m is 0 or 1, p is 1 or 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, or aryl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen form a heterocyclic structure, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently of one another are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkoxy or acylamino, K is a radical of a coupling component, A.crclbar. is an anion, R.sup.4 is unsubtituted or substituted alkyl and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Metal-free azo compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Ra is an aromatic group or an active methylene coupling component radical as defined in the specification,R.sub.t is an arylazo group or a group of the formula --Y--Z,whereinY is a direct bond or a bridging radical, andZ is a basic amino or quaternary ammonium group, ##STR2## wherein each of the variables is as defined above or below, x is a direct bond or a bridging radical,x is hydrogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, amino or carboxy,ring B is further unsubstituted or further substituted,d is 0, 1 or 2, andn is 0 or 1,with the provisos that (i) the compounds contain an average of at least 1.3 basic water-solubilizing groups, and (ii) the compounds are free of sulfo groups, and 1:1 and 1:2 metal complexes thereof, which metal-free compounds and metal complexes are useful as dyes for leather and paper.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where Y is chlorine or bromine, Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, a sulfonic ester group, nitro or unsubstituted or substituted sulfamyl, X is --O-- or ##STR2## R is alkylene which may or may not be interrupted by oxygen, ##STR3## m is 1 or 2, n is 0 or 1, p is 0, 1 or 2, q is 1 or 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with the nitrogen atom, form a heterocyclic structure, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, B is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, B.sup.1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, A.sup.- is an anion, R.sup.4 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, R.sub.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds which in the form of the free acid are of the general formula I ##STR1## where A is a radical of the formula ##STR2## the radicals Y independently of one another are each hydroxyl or amino, X is hydrogen, hydroxysulfonyl or a radical of the formulaD--N.dbd.N--,R is a radical of 1-aminonaphthalene-4-, -5-, -6-, -7-or -8-monosulfonic acid or of 1-aminonaphthalene-3-6,-, -3,7-, -3,8-, -4,7- or -4,8-disulfonic acid, or a Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Mn or Cr complex thereof, and D is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by methyl, methoxy,ethoxy, nitro, chlorine, bromine or sulfo, or is sulfo-substituted naphthyl. These compounds are preferably used for dyeing leather.

Abstract: Metal-free azo compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Ra is an aromatic group or an active methylene coupling component radical as defined in the specification,R.sub.t is an arylazo group or a group of the formula --Y--Z, whereinY is a direct bond or a bridging radical, andZ is a basic amino or quaternary ammonium group,R is ##STR2## wherein each of the variables is as defined above or below, X is a direct bond or a bridging radical,x is hydrogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, amino or carboxy,ring B is further unsubstituted or further substituted,d is 0, 1 or 2, andn is 0 or 1,with the provisos that (i) the compounds contain an average of at least 1.3 basic water-solubilizing groups, and (ii) the compounds are free of sulfo groups, and 1:1 and 1:2 metal complexes thereof, which metal-free compounds and metal complexes are useful as dyes for leather and paper.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which Me is cobalt or chromium, A is a diazo component of a benzene or naphthalene which carries a hydroxyl or carboxyl group in the o-position relative to the azo group, B is an o-aminonaphthol, R and R' independently of each other are each benzene or naphthalene which can carry further substituents, but no arylamino radicals, no sulfo groups and no metallizable groups, in the o-position relative to the azo group, Ka is a cation, p is 0 or 1, m and n independently of each other are each such a number from 0 to 1 that the total n+m is a number from 1 to 2, and q is an integer from 1 to 6 are particularly suitable for dyeing wool or polyamide and especially leather in shades of deep brown, grey and black.These dyes exhibit good affinity, good acid and alkali stability, and good fastness.

Abstract: Compounds containing sulfonic acid groups and of the general formula I ##STR1## where D.sup.1 is a radical of a diazo component, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 independently of one another are each hydroxyl or unsubstituted or substituted amino, Y is hydrogen, chlorine, methyl, hydroxysulfonyl or a radical of the formulaD.sup.3 --N.dbd.N--and D.sup.2 is a radical of the formula ##STR2## D.sup.3 is a radical of a diazo component from the aniline or aminonaphthalene series, K is a radical of a coupling component from the benzene or naphthalene series, and the rings in the coupling component D.sup.2 may furthermore be substituted by chlorine, methyl, methoxy, hydroxysulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, hydroxyl or acylamino, and metal complexes of such compounds, give very fast, brown dyeings, particularly on leather.

Abstract: Compounds which in the form of the free acid are of the general formula I ##STR1## where A is a radical of the formula ##STR2## the radicals Y independently of one another are each hydroxyl or amino, X is hydrogen, hydroxysulfonyl or a radical of the formulaD--N.dbd.N--,R is a radical of 1-aminonaphthalene-4-, -5-, -6-, -7- or -8-monosulfonic acid or of 1-aminonaphthalene-3,6-, -3,7-, -3,8-, -4,7-, or -4,8-disulfonic acid, or a Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Mn or Cr complex thereof, and D is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, nitro, chlorine, bromine or sulfo, or is sulfo-substituted naphthyl. These compounds are preferably used for dyeing leather.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where R is hydroxyl or unsubstituted or substituted amino, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, X.sup.1 and Y.sup.1 independently of one another are each a carboxylic acid ester or ether group and X.sup.2 and Y.sup.2 independently of one another are each hydrogen, nitro or chlorine, are very useful for coloring petroleum products, solvents and engine fuel additives.

Abstract: The present invention discloses substituted phenyl di and trisazo dyes free of reactive groups having two or three sulfonic acid groups, of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein D.sup.1 is ##STR2## Z is hydrogen or D.sup.4 --N.dbd.N--; D.sup.2 is phenyl substituted by hydroxyl, hydroxysulfonyl, chlorine or nitro, or is naphthyl substituted by hydroxy, hydroxysulfonyl or nitro, X, independently of one another, are hydroxyl or amino, D.sup.3 is phenyl which is substituted by hydroxysulfonyl, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, nitro, phenylamino, sulfophenylamino or nitrosulfophenylamino, or is naphthyl which is substituted by hydroxysulfonyl; D.sup.4 is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, chlorine, bromine, nitro, sulfamoyl or hydroxysulfonyl, or is naphthyl which is substituted by hydroxysulfonyl; and R.sup.