Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I). In the formula, R1 represents a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; Z represents a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cyano group; provided that R1 and Z may be mutually bonded to form a ring; X represents a divalent linking group having any one selected from —O—C(?O)—, —NH—C(?O)— and —NH—C(?NH)— on a terminal that comes into contact with Q; p represents an integer of 1 to 3; Q represents a hydrocarbon group having a valency of (p+1), provided that, when p is 1, Q may be a single bond; R2 represents a single bond, an alkylene group which may have a substituent or an arylene group which may have a substituent; q represents 0 or 1; r represents an integer of 0 to 8; and A+ represents a metal cation or an organic cation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an azoquinone compound represented by formula (1) below. In formula (1), R1 to R4 are identical or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C6 alkyl group or a C6 to C12 aryl group, and Ar represents a C6 to C12 aryl group.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an azoquinone compound represented by formula (1) below. In formula (1), R1 to R4 are identical or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C6 alkyl group or a C6 to C12 aryl group, and Ar represents a C6 to C12 aryl group.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I). In the formula, R1 represents a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; Z represents a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a cyano group; provided that R1 and Z may be mutually bonded to form a ring; X represents a divalent linking group having any one selected from —O—C(?O)—, —NH—C(?O)— and —NH—C(?NH)— on a terminal that comes into contact with Q; p represents an integer of 1 to 3; Q represents a hydrocarbon group having a valency of (p+1), provided that, when p is 1, Q may be a single bond; R2 represents a single bond, an alkylene group which may have a substituent or an arylene group which may have a substituent; q represents 0 or 1; r represents an integer of 0 to 8; and A+ represents a metal cation or an organic cation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polymeric composition comprising a novel polymer having two or more repeat units and a terminus having the structure (1): wherein R1 represents a C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, w is a number from 1-8, X is oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N), and Rd is a reactive group. The invention also relates to a process for forming a pattern using the novel polymeric composition. The invention further relates to a process of making the novel polymer.

Abstract: A compound of Formula I: (I) has activity as a cannabinoid receptor antagonist. In Formula 1, R1 is unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl; R2 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl; and R3 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl, or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaralkyl; with the proviso that at least one of Ri and R3 is other than unsubstituted aralkyl or R2 is other than unsubstituted aryl.

Abstract: A copolymer for positive type lithography, having at least a recurring unit (A) having a structure wherein an alkali-soluble group is protected by an acid-dissociating, dissolution-suppressing group, represented by the following formula (A) [in the formula (A), R10 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted by fluorine atom; R11 is a crosslinked, alicyclic hydrocarbon group; n is an integer of 0 or 1; and R12 is an acid-dissociating, dissolution-suppressing group], and a terminal structure (B) having a structure wherein an alkali-soluble group is protected by an acid-dissociating, dissolution-suppressing group, represented by the following formula (B) [in the formula (B), R21 is a hydrocarbon group which may contain nitrogen atom; R22 is an acid-dissociating, dissolution-suppressing group; and p is a site of bonding with copolymer main chain].

Abstract: Provided is an industrially safe and useful azodicarboxylic acid bis(2-alkoxyethyl) ester compound that is useful for the Mitsunobu reaction in which it is used in combination with a phosphorus compound to carry out a dehydration condensation reaction, and also useful as an oxidizing agent, and a starting material for various synthetic processes. Also provided are a production intermediate of the above-described compound, and methods for producing these compounds. An azodicarboxylic acid bis(2-alkoxyethyl) ester compound represented by formula (1); wherein A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially safe and useful azodicarboxylic acid bis(2-alkoxyethyl) ester compound that is useful for the Mitsunobu reaction in which it is used in combination with a phosphorus compound to carry out a dehydration condensation reaction, and also useful as an oxidizing agent, and a starting material for various synthetic processes. Also provided are a production intermediate of the above-described compound, and methods for producing these compounds. An azodicarboxylic acid bis(2-alkoxyethyl) ester compound represented by formula (1); wherein A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially safe and useful azodicarboxylic acid bis(2-alkoxyethyl) ester compound that is useful for the Mitsunobu reaction in which it is used in combination with a phosphorus compound to carry out a dehydration condensation reaction, and also useful as an oxidizing agent, and a starting material for various synthetic processes. Also provided are a production intermediate of the above-described compound, and methods for producing these compounds. An azodicarboxylic acid bis(2-alkoxyethyl) ester compound represented by formula (1); wherein A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially safe and useful azodicarboxylic acid bis(2-alkoxyethyl) ester compound that is useful for the Mitsunobu reaction in which it is used in combination with a phosphorus compound to carry out a dehydration condensation reaction, and also useful as an oxidizing agent, and a starting material for various synthetic processes. Also provided are a production intermediate of the above-described compound, and methods for producing these compounds. An azodicarboxylic acid bis(2-alkoxyethyl) ester compound represented by formula (1); wherein A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A lightfast colorant and a lightfast ink composition including the lightfast colorant utilize a lightfast colorant that is derived by covalently binding a cinnamate derivative and a conventional colorant. The lightfast colorant improves storage stability as well as lightfastness when added to an ink composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are UV absorbers that contain a labile functional group capable of initiating free radical polymerization.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel diazoketone derivatives. The invention also relates to processes for homologation of these diazoketone derivatives. The processes are useful for preparing compounds that are caspase inhibitors.

Abstract: Method of synthesis of dinitro-diaza-alkanes and intermediate products thereto from alkylamines and esters, whereby a dialkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid is reacted with an alkylamine in an aqueous medium to form the corresponding dialkyldiamide of the dicarboxylic acid;

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing an azoiminoether hydrochloride which consists in reacting an azonitrile with an alcohol and hydrochloric acid in an aromatic solvent, wherein the molar ratio R=HCl/azonitrile is >2 when the alcohol is methanol and >3 when the alcohol is ethanol or a higher alcohol. The invention also concerns a method for preparing an azocarboxylic acid ester which consists in the synthesis of an azoiminoether hydrochloride by the inventive method and, hydrolysis in the presence of the resulting azoiminoether hydrochloride. Said methods enable to obtain liquid composition of azocarboxylic acid esters. The invention further concerns mixed azoiminoether salts of formula (II′). The invention also concerns mixed azoiminocarboxylic acid esters corresponding to the formula (III′).

Abstract: The application is concerned with a compound of the formula (I) ##STR1## and a process for making the same. The compound is useful as fiber-reactive dyestuff in dyeing or printing onto hydroxy- or nitrogen-containing substrates. A printing composition comprising this fiber-reactive dyestuff and a copper phthalocyanine allows to obtain dyeings with less catalytic fading.

Abstract: A compound shown by the general formula [1] ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a lower alkyl group or a cyano group, R.sup.3 is a lower alkyl group and X is a lower alkylene group, showing high solubility into various kinds of polar solvents and are capable of effectively introducing hydroxy groups into terminal positions of polymers and their use.

Abstract: An azoamide compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 through R.sup.4 are independently an alkyl group; X is an alkylene groupl Y is --O-- or --NH--; and n is an integer of 2 or more, is effective for producing a macroazo compound, which is a useful initiator for producing block copolymers.

Abstract: An azoamide compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 through R.sup.4 are independently an alkyl group; X is an alkylene group; Y is --O-- or --N--; and n is an integer of 2 or more, is effective for producing a macroazo compound, which is a useful initiator for producing block copolymers.

Abstract: Azoamide compounds shown by the general formula ?1 ! ##STR1## (Wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a lower alkyl group, and R.sup.3 is a saturated alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms) and their use.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing azo compound having a fluorine segment at a molecular terminal is useful as a polymerization initiator for producing, for example, fluorine-containing polymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a spherical granule of a water-soluble azo compound, which comprises dispersing a water-soluble azo compound in a water-insoluble solvent and then add dropwise water or a hydrophilic solvent dissolving the water-soluble azo compound with stirring to granulate the water-soluble azo compound in the solution, and produce the spherical granule of the water-soluble azo compound.

Abstract: Acrylic acid or water-soluble derivatives thereof can be polymerized effectively in a short time using as a polymerization initiator an inorganic acid salt or organic acid salt of 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidoxime).

Abstract: Bis(perfluorosulphonyl)methanes, process for preparing same and uses thereof. The compounds of the invention are based on the formula (1/nM)+[(R.sub.F SO.sub.2).sub.2 CY].sup.- in which Y denotes an electron-attracting group chosen from --C.dbd.N and RZ groupings in which Z denotes a carbonyl grouping, sulphonyl grouping or a phosphonyl grouping and R denotes an organic monovalent grouping, M denotes a metal having valency n or an organic group capable of existing in the cationic form, R.sub.F denotes a perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroaryl grouping. Said compounds are especially useful in the production of electrochemical devices.

Abstract: Compositions useful in methods of disinfecting contain azoic compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are identical or different and each represents an atom of hydrogen or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are identical or different and each represents an oxygen atom or an NR.sup.5 group, wherein R.sup.5 is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a nitro group; and wherein when two NR.sup.5 groups are simultaneously present each R.sup.5 may be identical to or different from the other. Compositions containing the azoic compounds in a liquid medium at concentrations of from 35 .mu.gr/ml to 2 mgr/ml are sufficient to impede replication and proliferation of viruses of the retrovirus group yet they are insufficiently toxic to destroy sound human or animal cells which come in contact with the compositions.

Abstract: Nonlinearly optically active monomer species comprising at least two carbon-carbon activated double bonds, i.e., the polymerization of which is facilitated by the presence of an electron attracting function, and a non-centrosymmetric system of pi (.pi.

Abstract: A monoazo lake pigment of the formula (I): ##STR1## whose X-ray diffraction pattern shows a high diffraction intensity at a diffraction angle (2.theta..+-.0.2.degree.; Cu - K.sub..alpha.) of 4.9.degree., moderate diffraction intensities at 18.4.degree., 25.9.degree. and 26.8.degree. and relatively low diffraction intensities at 11.1.degree., 15.3.degree. and 21.2.degree., and printing ink, a paint and plastics in which the monoazo lake pigment is contained.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to statistical monofunctional terminated reactive liquid rubbers including a statistical monofunctional carboxylic-terminated reactive liquid rubber, a statistical monofunctional amine-terminated reactive liquid rubber, and a statistical monofunctional epoxy-terminated reactive liquid rubber. These polymers are pourable, making them useful in a variety of applications particularly as toughening agents for epoxy resins to which they impart good physical properties.

Abstract: A macromolecular azo compound is produced by the reaction of a compound having at least 1 diazo linkage and at least 2 hydroxyl groups in a molecule, a compound having at least 2 isocyanate groups in a molecule and a compound having at least 2 hydroxyl groups in a molecule. A resin useful as a paint can be obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable unsaturated bond-containing monomer in the presence of this compound.

Abstract: The preparation of symmetrical azodinitriles prepared from keto acids is disclosed. A keto acid of the formula ##STR1## is reacted with M(CN).sub.x and an ammonia source to obtain an aminonitrile metal carboxylate of the formula ##STR2## The aminonitrile metal carboxylate is reacted with M.sub.1 (OCl).sub.x with the proviso that no alcohol or surface active agent is utilized to form a metal salt of an azo compound. This metal salt is reacted with mineral acid to give the symmetrical azodinitrile compound of the formula ##STR3## R.sub.1 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is an alkylene group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms. M is a metal comprising lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium; M.sub.1 is a metal comprising sodium, potassium or calcium; and x is the valence of M and M.sub.1.

Abstract: Monoazo pigments are provided which have improved properties achieved by incorporating certain azomethine compounds. The pigment compositions are prepared by reacting a primary amine-terminated alkylene oxide polymer and an acetoacetanilide to form an azomethine coupler and subsequently preparing the monoazo pigment composition by reacting the desired diazo component and coupling component in the presence of the azomethine coupler so as to form an azomethine composition of matter and the desired pigment.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the preparation of an azonitrile initiator having both a low salt and low water content of the formula ##STR1## This initiator is prepared by reacting a keto acid of the formula ##STR2## with M(CN).sub.x, a hydrazine source, and hydrochloric acid to form ##STR3## The hydrazo intermediate is reacted with chlorine gas in the presence of acetone to oxidize the hydrazo intermediate to the azonitrile initiator. After oxidation, the reaction mixture is permitted to separate into layers. The bottom aqueous layer is removed and discarded. The upper acetone-azonitrile initiator level is treated with solid calcium chloride or a saturated calcium chloride or sodium chloride solution. This salting out procedure generates an additional water layer that further contains (M(Cl).sub.x. The final acetone-azonitrile initiator solution has a low salt and low water content.R.sub.1 is an alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, R.sub.

Abstract: The preparation of mixed, symmetrical azonitrile initiators prepared from keto acids and aminonitrile is disclosed. A keto acid of the formula ##STR1## is reacted with M(CN).sub.x and an ammonia source to obtain an aminonitrile metal carboxylate of the formula ##STR2## The aminonitrile metal carboxylate is reacted with M.sub.1 (OCl).sub.x in the presence of a surfactant to form an azonitrile metal carboxylate. The excess M.sub.1 (OCl).sub.x is reacted with an aminonitrile of the formula ##STR3## in the presence of the surfactant to form a symmetrical azonitrile initiator ##STR4## The aminonitrile metal carboxylate is reacted with mineral acid to give the symmetrical azonitrile compound of the formula ##STR5## R.sub.1 is an alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is an alkylene group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms. M is a metal comprising lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium; M.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the preparation of mixed azodinitriles initiators of the formulae ##STR1## These initiators are prepared by reacting a keto acid of the formula ##STR2## with M(CN).sub.x, a hydrazine source, a ketone of the formula ##STR3## and hydrochloric acid to form ##STR4## The hydrazo intermediates are reacted with chlorine gas in the presence of acetone solvent to oxidize the mixture of hydrazo intermediates to the mixed azonitrile initiators. R.sub.1 is an alkyl group containing from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is non-existent or an alkylene group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkylene or alkyl cycloalkylene group containing from about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl groups containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, or one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an alkoxy group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and M is a metal comprising lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium.

Abstract: An azo amide compound of the formula .dbd.N--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CO--NH--R].sub.2 or a hydrate thereof or an acid-addition salt thereof, wherein R is --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, benzyl chloride, picolyl, tetrahydropyridylmethyl and N-piperidinoethyl, is useful as a functional polymerization initiator for polymerizing acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, styrene, vinyl acetate and other vinyl compounds.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of .alpha.-substituted carbonyl compounds, wherein .alpha.-substituted ketone is prepared by the following reaction: ##STR1## .alpha.-azo ester is prepared by the following reaction: ##STR2## and .alpha.-hydrozono ester is prepared by the following reaction: ##STR3## wherein the .alpha.-azo ester and .alpha.-hydrazono ester obtained by the above reactions include novel compounds, which are also disclosed.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of aryloxy-benzoic acids containing a sulphonamide group by the direct reaction of a phenoxy-benzoic acid with a sulphonamide, in the presence of a halogenating agent such as P(O)Cl.sub.3.

Abstract: Mixtures of azolakanes of varying thermal stabilities at least one of which is an unsymmetrical azoalkane (R--N.dbd.N--R'), are prepared by reacting 4 equivalents of a mixture of two or more primary alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkylamines with 1 equivalent of sulfuryl chloride in an inert solvent and oxidizing the resulting mixture of sulfamide products with basic bleach. The unsymmetrical azoalkanes can be separated from the symmetrical azoalkanes by a variety of conventional techniques. The azoalkane mixtures are excellent polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers and curing agents for unsaturated polyester resins.

Abstract: The process for the reaction of bicyclic amide acetals with reactive protic compounds of the general Formula ##STR1## wherein Y represents a member selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## R.sup.1 represents a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 represents a member selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkylene ether group having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, an arylene ether group having from 6 to 50 carbon atoms such as ethyl carbamate to form novel products which are useful as curing agents, blowing agents and monomers is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of alpha-aryl and alpha-heteroaryl ketones useful as intermediates in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals, which process operates according to the following reaction scheme: ##STR1##

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a diazocyano acid, which comprises reacting a keto-acid or its sodium salt with a cyanogen compound such as sodium cyanide or hydrogen cyanide and a hydrazine in water to form a concentrated aqueous solution of a hydrazo compound, adding acetone and/water to the concentrated aqueous solution to form a solution of the hydrazo compounds, adding chlorine gas to the solution to oxidize the hydrazo compound and form a diazocyano acid, adding acetone to the obtained reaction mixture during or after the oxidation if necessary, and separating and recovering the supernatant layer of the acetone-water solution containing the diazocyano acid from the mixture.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a diazocyano acid, which comprises reacting a keto-acid or its sodium salt with a cyanogen compound such as sodium cyanide or hydrogen cyanide and a hydrazine in water to form a concentrated aqueous solution of a hydrazo compound, adding acetone or acetone and water to the concentrated aqueous solution to form an acetone-water solution of the hydrazo compound, adding an oxidant such as chlorine gas to the solution to oxidize the hydrazo compound and form a diazocyano acid, forming at least two transparent liquid layers by adding acetone and/or water to the obtained reaction mixture during or after oxidation if necessary, and further adding sodium chloride to the reaction mixture if necessary, and separating and recovering the upper layer of the acetone-water solution containing the diazocyano acid from the mixture.

Abstract: Mixtures of azoalkanes of varying thermal stabilities at least one of which is an unsymmetrical azoalkane (R--N.dbd.N--R'), are prepared by reacting 4 equivalents of a mixture of two or more primary alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkylamines with 1 equivalent of sulfuryl chloride in an inert solvent and oxidizing the resulting mixture of sulfamide products with basic bleach. The unsymmetrical azoalkanes can be separated from the symmetrical azoalkanes by a variety of conventional techniques. The azoalkane mixtures are excellent polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers and curing agents for unsaturated polyester resins.

Abstract: Monoazo dyestuffs, free of carboxylic acid moieties or sulphonic acid moieties, of the formula ##STR1## wherein A and A' independently of one another are linear or branched alkylene having 2 to 6 carbon atoms;R is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, alkylcarbonyl having 1 to 4 atoms or benzoyl;m is a number from 1 to 5 and n is a number from 0 to 1.

Abstract: There is described a process for the production of a compound of formula I, ##STR1## in which at least one each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, and of R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, represents an electron withdrawing group, or one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with one of R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 form a --CO-- group, and the remainder of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, which may be the same or different, each represent an electron withdrawing group, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenylalkyl,or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 , and R.sub.1 and R.sub.4, may together form a --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --chain, in which n is a whole number up to 5,the alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenylalkyl group or the --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --chain optionally being substituted, which comprises reacting a compound of formula II, ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 a, R.sub.2 a and R.sub.3 a have the same significances as R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.