Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyisocyanates by oligomerization of isocyanates.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of specific pyridines as catalysts for the dimerization of isocyanates (uretdione formation) and a process for preparing polyisocyanates having a high content of uretdione groups.

Abstract: A uretonimine-modified isocyanate composition has reduced color. The uretonimine-modified isocyanate composition comprises a polyisocyanate composition having two or more isocyanate groups and comprising 4,4?-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and a catalyst for catalyzing a reaction of the isocyanate groups to form carbodiimides available for forming uretonimines and uretonimine oligomers. A first quenching agent partially quenches the reaction of the isocyanate groups to inhibit formation of the carbodiimides thereby inhibiting additional formation of uretonimines and uretonimine oligomers and a second quenching agent different than the first quenching agent quenches the reaction of the isocyanate groups to further inhibit formation of the carbodiimides thereby further inhibiting additional formation of uretonimines and uretonimine oligomers. A method of forming the uretonimine-modified isocyanate composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of liquid, storage-stable isocyanate mixtures of low color number and which contain carbodiimide (CD) and/or uretonimine (UI) groups, the isocyanate mixtures obtainable by this process, and to a process for the preparation of blends of these isocyanates with additional isocyanate components and to a process for the preparation of prepolymers containing isocyanate groups and of polyurethane plastics, preferably polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Provided is a method and system for the rapid and accurate detection of growth and metabolism of a cellular microorganism in a population of microorganisms in a non-liquid, culture medium. Further provided is a gelled culture medium containing a non-toxic, water-soluble, phosphorescent compound which measures oxygen content (partial pressure) of an microorganism also contained therein, by oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence; or the gel contains a fluorescent pH indicator that demonstrates growth of the microorganism by pH-dependent intensity change or wavelength shift in the emission spectrum. Further provided is a system and method for killing undesirable microorganisms or colonies in the culture medium without harming the surrounding microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in general, to a method of modulating physiological and pathological processes and, in particular, to a method of modulating intra- and extracellular levels of oxidants and thereby processes in which such oxidants are a participant. The invention also relates to compounds and compositions suitable for use in such methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a ?-lactam compound of the following Formula (3), which comprises the step of reacting a compound of the following Formula (1) with a trialkyl phosphite represented by the formula (R5O)3P (wherein R5 represents an ethyl group, etc.) in an amount of 2 to 5 moles per mole of the compound and the step of heating the resulting reaction mixture in a diluent, wherein said method is characterized by having the step of completely removing unreacted trialkyl phosphite from the reaction mixture prior to the step of heating. (wherein X represents S, etc., Y represents N, etc., n represents 0 or 1, R1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, etc., R2 and R3 each represent an optionally substituted alkyl or heterocyclic group, etc., and R4 represents an alkenyloxy group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, etc., provided that R1 and R2 may together form a ?-lactam ring, etc.

Abstract: A high resolution structure of the hemalbumin binding complex is provided which includes the detailed atomic coordinates which reflect the binding site and the binding characteristics of the structure. This high resolution structure can be used in methods of determining the primary residues involved in gas binding, redox potential of iron, etc., and thus will be used to identify and optimize the gas binding characteristics of heme and albumin, so as to allow for the development of modified recombinant albumins containing heme and/or heme derivatives which have improved gas binding properties and which can be used for therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: New ruthenium dimeric complexes with high antimetastatic and antitumour activity and remarkable chemical stability are described.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of processing an initial di-carbonyl compound by conversion to a cyclic compound. The cyclic compound is reacted with an alkylating agent to form a derivative having an alkylated ring nitrogen. The invention encompasses a method of producing an N-alkyl product. Ammonia content of a solution is adjusted to produce a ratio of ammonia to di-carboxylate compound of from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. An alkylating agent is added and the initial compound is alkylated and cyclized. The invention includes methods of making N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). Aqueous ammonia and succinate is introduced into a vessel and ammonia is adjusted to provide a ratio of ammonia to succinate of less than 2:1. A methylating agent is reacted with succinate at a temperature of from greater than 100° C. to about 400° C. to produce N-methyl succinimide which is purified and hydrogenated to form NMP.

Abstract: A half-sandwich coordination complex, useful for the synthesis of triple-decker sandwich coordination compounds, is produced by reacting a precursor complex of the formula XM(R1)2 wherein X is a halogen, M is a metal, and R1 is an amide, with a free base porphyrinic macrocycle to produce said half-sandwich complex. The half-sandwich coordination complex can be used to make a triple-decker sandwich coordination compound by reacting a half-sandwich coordination complex as described above with a double-decker sandwich coordination compound.

Abstract: Novel diphenylmethane diisocyanate composition that comprises diphenylmethane diisocyanate, a diphenylmethane diisocyanate uretonimine group-containing derivative, a reaction product of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and a diol of number average molecular weight less than 250 and optionally methylene bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanates of isocyanate functionality higher than two, the composition having a content of 2,4 isomer between 2 and 50%. The novel composition is highly stable. The invention also provides a process for its preparation, process for making polyurethane articles using the composition of the invention, as well as the polyurethane articles thus obtained.

Abstract: This invention provides aryloxy indole derivatives which are useful for the treatment of diseases affected by disorders of the serotonin-affected neurological systems, such as depression and anxiety, the compounds having the formula: wherein R1 is H or alkyl; R2, R3, and R4 are H, alkyl, or halogen; X is H, halogen, CN, or C1-C6 alkoxy; Z is (CH2)n or carbonyl; n is 1 or 2; and the dashed line indicates an optional double bond; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for growth detection and identification of microorganisms in a culture medium comprising providing a culture medium comprising a solubilized oxygen-quenchable phosphorescent compound, inoculating said culture medium with a substrate suspected of being associated with one or more microorganism, and detecting microorganism growth and identifying said microorganism by causing said phosphorescent compound to phosphoresce and observing quenching of oxygen in said culture of said compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for making compounds of the structure(Q--L.sup.1)--L--(L.sup.2 --B)wherein(I) Q is a quinolone moiety;(II) B is a lactam moiety; and(III) L, L.sup.1, and L.sup.2 together comprise a linking moiety;comprising the steps of:(1) coupling a compound of Formula (III) with a lactam-containing compound to form an intermediate compound; and(2) cyclizing the intermediate by reaction with an organosilicon compound to give a compound of the formula (Q--L.sup.1)--L--(L.sup.2 --B).Preferably, the process additionally comprises a step prior to the coupling step, wherein protected forms of the compound of Formula (III) and the lactam compound are formed; and deprotection steps after the cyclization step, wherein the protecting groups are removed. Preferred antimicrobial compounds made by these processes are those where the beta-lactam moiety is a penem, a carbapenem, a cephem, or a carbacephem. Also preferred are those compounds where L.sup.1, L, and L.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## in which: A and B are separately monoamines or together diamines; and Z is a group of formula (II) or (III): ##STR2## (in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.7 are various organic groups, n is 0, 1 or 2 and X is a direct carbon-carbon bond or lower alkylene) show valuable anti-tumor activity and may be prepared by reacting an amine-platinum complex with a compound providing the group represented by Z.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## in which: A and B are separately monoamines or together diamines; and Z is a group of formula (II) or (III): ##STR2## (in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.7 are various organic groups, n is 0, 1 or 2 and X is a direct carbon-carbon bond or lower alkylene) show valuable anti-tumor activity and may be prepared by reacting an amine-platinum complex with a compound providing the group represented by Z.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of making compounds of the structure[Q-L.sup.1 ]-L-[L.sup.2 -B[wherein(I) Q is a quinolone moiety;(II) B is a beta-lactam moiety;(III) L, L.sup.1, and L.sup.2 together comprise a carbamate-containing linking moietycomprising the steps of:(1) Reacting a lactam compound of the formula B-L.sup.4 -H with phosgene to form an intermediate compound of the formula B--L.sup.4 --C(=O)--Cl, where L.sup.4 is oxygen; and(2) Coupling said intermediate compound with a quinolone compound of the formula Q-L.sup.3 -R.sup.44 ; wherein L.sup.3 is nitrogen; R.sup.44 is hydrogen, Si(R.sup.45).sub.3, or Sn(R.sup.45).sub.3 ; and R.sup.45 is lower alkyl.Preferably, the process additionally comprises steps prior to the reacting and coupling steps where esters of the lactam and quinolone compounds are made. Also preferably, the coupling step comprises adding a solution containing the quinolone compound to a solution containing the intermediate compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to porphyrin and metal ion-containing monomers and polymers. The monomers ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are independently selected from H, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1 to 3 alkyl groups each having 1 to 6 carbons or with 1 to 3 halogen atoms and A is a metal atom, are used with a diamine or a dialdehyde respectively to produce a porphyrin polymer or a metal ion containing porphyrin polymer. These polymers are useful as electrical conductors and as liquid crystal polymers.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel nucleophilic polysubstituted aryl acridinium esters and to novel conjugates thereof. The novel nucleophilic polysubstituted aryl acridinium esters and novel conjugates thereof are useful in biological assays, including novel assays for the determination of Vitamin B.sub.12, folate, cortisol, estradiol, and thromboxane B.sub.2.

Abstract: A penam derivative represented by the following general formula or a salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an amino-protecting group or an acyl group; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group or a formamido group; R.sup.4 represents a protected or unprotected carboxy group or a craboxylato group; R represents a group of the formula, --NHR.sup.5 or --NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 (in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, represent protected or unprotected hydroxyl groups, cyano groups, sulfo groups, or unsubstituted or substituted lower alkyl, aryl, acyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, lower alkylsulfonyl or heterocyclic groups) or a group of the formula, --N.dbd.CR.sup.7 R.sup.8 (in which R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: 7-.beta.-Acylamino-1-carba-(1-dethia)-3-trifluoromethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxyl ic acids and derivatives are provided as antibiotics. Pharmaceutical formulations comprising the antibiotics, intermediates, and a process for their preparation are also provided.

Abstract: Cephalosporin compounds having a 3-position substituent of the formula (I) are described:--CH.sub.2 --S--Q--(y).sub.n --Pwherein Q is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, P is a benzene ring substituted by groups R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 which are ortho with respect to one another, wherein R.sup.1 is hydroxy or an in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof and R.sup.2 is hydroxy, an in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, carboxy, sulpho, hydroxymethyl, methanesulphonamido or ureido; or P is a group of the formula (II) or (III): ##STR1## wherein M is oxygen or a group NR.sup.3 wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; said ring P being further optionally substituted; and --(Y).sub.n -- is a bond or various linking groups or --(Y)--.sub.n may be such so that rings Q and P are fused.The use of such compounds as antibacterial agents is described as are processes for their preparation and intermediates therefor.

Abstract: Zinc ceftiofur complexes, e.g., zinc ceftiofur hydrochloride and zinc ceftiofur sodium complexes, have been found to provide the good antibiotic activity of ceftiofur while providing low dissolution rate and long half-life properties enabling the formulation of improved long term therapy forms of ceftiofur, useful in antibiotic therapy of valuable warm-blooded animals. Pharmaceutical compositions of such zinc ceftiofur complexes and a method of using such zinc ceftiofur complexes in veterinary antibiotic applications are also provided.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is each H, halo or an organic group, R.sub.3 is H or organic group, n=1 or 2, M is a heavy mono- or divalent metal, or M.sub.2 A wherein M.sub.2 is a heavy divalent metal and A is an organic or inorganic group, are prepared by treating a starting penicillin in a solvent with a salt of M.sub.1 or M.sub.2 A in the presence of a base at a temperature of from -70.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: There are disclosed 2(N-heterocyclyl) penems and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters and their use as anti-bacterials.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-(N-heterocycloaliphaticthio)penems wherein the nitrogen of the heterocyclic ring is connected to the alkyl group, and to their use as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a synthesis for preparing substituted 2-thioxopenams which are useful in the synthesis of penem antibiotics 7 which may be conducted in an enantiospecific manner; said process proceeds from azetidinone 1 via the azetidinone acetic ester 2, the 4-metallothiozetidinone 3, and the 4-dithiocarbonylazetidinone 4 to the substituted 2-thioxopenam 5: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are independently selected from: hydrogen; R.sup.6 NH-- (R.sup.6 is acyl or H); substituted and unsubstituted: alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and cycloalkenyl; wherein said substituents are, inter alia: halo (chloro, bromo, fluoro, iodo), hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, amino, and the above-recited values for R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 ; in functional terms,R.sup.2 is a group which potentially forms a stable carbonium ion, for example: trityl (--C(C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.