Abstract: Various heterocyclic compounds have been discovered that impart improved fuel economy and friction modification to lubricant and fuel compositions. These heterocyclic compounds of the invention preferably contain nitrogen and may be further reacted with hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid acylating reactants or hydrocarbyl phenolic reactants to give higher molecular materials. These higher molecular weight materials have higher oil-solubility and impart dispersancy properties to lubricant and fuel compositions.

Abstract: Provided is a process for diastereoselectively preparing compounds of the formula ##STR1## which includes the step of subjecting a compound of the formula ##STR2## to a salt whose anion is a nucleophilic base whose conjugate acid has a pKa in the range of between about -7 to about 14, or a silylated derivative of the salt; whereinR.sub.1 is said nucleophile;R is hydrogen, or protected amino,R.sub.2 is R.sub.4 as defined herein below;R.sub.3 is a leaving group; andR.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, or a group of the formula--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --R.sub.6whereinR.sub.6 is 2-furyl, naphthyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylthio, nitro, halo, carboxy and amido; orR.sub.6 is a group of the formula--COOR.sub.7or--COSR.sub.7in whichR.sub.7 is selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, benzyl, phenyl, or benzyl or phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from C.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R* is a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein R and R.sup.0 are individually C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl groups or together form a ring consisting of the nitrogen atom to which they are attached and two to seven carbon atoms, said ring optionally substituted by one or more C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 substituted alkyl groups;Q and Q' are individually hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, or when taken together form a divalent radical of the formula --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--;A is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 substituted alkyl, --S--(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl)CO.sub.2 R", or --CH.sub.2 (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl) CO.sub.2 R" wherein R"is hydrogen or a carboxy-protecting group;A' is hydrogen, an amide-protecting group, or a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R".

Abstract: New substituted azetidinones of the general formula (A') which have been found to be potent elastase inhibitors and thereby useful anti-inflammatory and antidegenerative agents are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process using hydrolysis and hydrogenation for converting enamino .beta.-lactams to their saturated alkyl ester acid salts, key intermediates to 1-carbacephalosporins. Also disclosed are intermediates resulting from the process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which a novel compound of the formula ##STR2## is reacted with a beta lactam of the formula ##STR3## by treatment with a base, wherein the symbols are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: New antibacterial spirocyclic 6-amido carbapenems of the structural formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or C.sub.6-10 substituted or unsubstituted aryl; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a protecting group for alcohol; R.sup.6 is hydrogen or a protecting group for amido nitrogen; R.sup.7 is hydrogen or a protecting group for amido nitrogen; and R.sup.8 is hydroxy, hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 substituted or unsubstituted thioalkyl, C.sub.6-10 substituted or unsubstituted thioaryl, 5 or 6 membered, substituted or unsubstituted thioheteroaryl; and a process for their synthesis through novel spirocyclic 4-amido azetidinones are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for protecting an amino group in a compound exposed to nucleophilic reaction conditions in which the imido group used for protection is reacted with a secondary amine to form an acyl group which protects the amino group during exposure to the nucleophilic reaction conditions, after which the acylamino group may be reacted with an acid to reform the imido group so that the compound may then undergo non-nucleophilic manipulations. Also provided is a resolution method in which diasteriometric compounds having the acylamino group as described above are reacted with acid, and as these diasteriomers react at different rates to form the imido group, the reaction may be monitored so as to isolate the desired product at the appropriate point to maximize optical purity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process using hydrolysis and hydrogenation for converting enamino .beta.-lactams to their saturated alkyl ester acid salts, key intermediates to 1-carbacephalosporins. Also disclosed are intermediates resulting from the process.

Abstract: New antibacterial 6-amido-1-methylcarbapenems and process for their synthesis involving new azetidinone intermediates.

Abstract: N-tetrazolyl beta-lactams of the Formula: ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or carboalkoxy having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; andZ is ##STR2## and W is ##STR3## thus forming a zwitterion, or Z is ##STR4## wherein R.sup.1 is benzyl, phenyloxymethyl or ##STR5## wherein Y is alkoxy or substituted alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms wherein the substituent on the alkoxy group is --COOH; andW is ##STR6## wherein R.sup.3 is H, M or --CH.sub.2 COOM, wherein M is a pharmaceutically acceptable cation are disclosed. The compounds are useful as antibiotics.

Abstract: A process for preparing a .beta.-lactam derivative of formula (2) and/or the corresponding enol tautomer, which includes oxidizing an alkenyl-substituted .beta.-lactam derivative of formula (1) in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst or a rhenium catalyst using a periodic acid: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a phenyl group which may have a substituent, A is a group selected from ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is an amino group or a protected amino group, and R.sup.4 -R.sup.8 are as defined in the application.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a protected amino group and R1 is a carboxy protected group.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3-4-cis-.beta.,.beta.-(4)-substituted and 3-4-trans,.beta.,.alpha.-(4)-substituted azetidinones is provided. Also provided are novel 4,4-disubstituted azetidinones.

Abstract: An enantiomerically selective process for acylating racemic 3-amino azetidinone intermediates is provided using penicillin G amidase(acylase) as biocatalyst.

Abstract: Provided are new antibacterial spirocyclic 6-amido carbapenems of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or C.sub.6-10 substituted or unsubstituted aryl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or C.sub.2-8 substituted or unsubstituted acyl;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-8 substituted or unsubstituted thioalkyl or C.sub.6-10 substituted or unsubstituted thioaryl, or 5 or 6 membered substituted or unsubstituted thioheteroaryl; andR.sup.4 is hydrogen, pharmaceutically acceptable alkali metal salt or biolabile ester,and a process for their synthesis through novel intermediates.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and possessing antibacterial activiy, and intermediates to compounds of formula I having the formula ##STR2##

Abstract: Cis .alpha.,.alpha./.beta., .beta.-3-amino-4-[2-(2-furyl)eth-1-yl]-1-methoxycarbonylmethyl-azetidin-2- one is resolved via (-)-2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid hydrate (DAG).

Abstract: This invention presents novel 2-azetidinone compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are hydrogen (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12) alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.8) alkenyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.8) alkynyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.10) cycloalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted with from one to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, amino, nitro, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkoxy, benzyl optionally subsituted with from one to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, amino, nitro, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkoxy, --CH.sub.2 --O--CO--CH.sub.2 --NHR.sub.4, --CH.sub.2 --O--CO.sub.2 --R.sub.5, --CH.sub.2 F, or --CHF.sub.2 ; wherein R.sub.4 is hydrogen, --CHO or --CO--O--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 ; wherein R.sub.5 is --(C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)alkyl, --(CH.sub.2) .sub.2 NH--CO--O--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 N(CH.sub.3)--CO--O--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 OC(O)NH.sub.2, --(CH .sub.2).sub.

Abstract: This invention presents novel 2-azetidinone compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.10 and R.sub.15 are the same or different and are (a) hydrogen, (b) (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12) alkyl, (c) (C.sub.2 -C.sub.8) alkenyl, (d) (C.sub.2 -C.sub.8) alkynyl, (e) --CH.sub.2 OCOCH.sub.2 NHR.sub.4, (f) --CH.sub.2 OCO.sub.2 R.sub.30, (g) --CH.sub.2 F, or (h) --CHF.sub.2 ; wherein R.sub.4 is hydrogen or --COH; wherein R.sub.30 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8)alkyl; wherein R.sub.20 is an acyl group derived from a carboxylic acid; wherein A is oxygen or sulfur; and wherein R.sub.70 is (a) hydrogen, (b) (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8) alkyl, (c) phenyl, (d) --OH, or (e) --SH; where each member of b or c may optionally be substituted by 1 to 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, and amino.These compounds are useful as antibacterial agents to eradicate or control susceptible microbes. Intermediates and processes for making these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention presents novel 2-azetidinone compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.80 is --CO.sub.2 R.sub.5 or --CONR.sub.6 R.sub.7 ; wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl; and wherein R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are the same or different and are hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl), or --OH with the proviso that when R.sub.6 is --OH, R.sub.7 is other than --OH. These compounds are useful as antibacterial agents to eradicate or control susceptible microbes. Intermediates and processes for making these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## (in which R.sup.1 is alkoxy, R is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylamino, cycloalkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, X is chlorine or fluorine and Y is selected from certain specific heterocycles) have excellent antibacterial activity. They may be prepared by introducing the group represented by Y into the corresponding compound in which Y is replaced by a halogen atom.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a lower alkyl group or a lower haloalkyl group; R.sub.2 represents a lower alkyl group, a lower haloalkyl group, an aralkyl group, or a group of the formula --COOR.sub.4 or --SO.sub.2 R.sub.5 in which R.sub.4 represents an aralkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and R.sub.5 represents an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; and R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl protecting group which can be easily split off. This compound is useful in the production of a 6-(disubstituted amino)carbapenem-series antibiotic.The compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above are important intermediates for the synthesis of the compounds of formula (I) and/or the aforesaid di-(substituted amino) carbapenem-series antibiotics.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3-4-cis-.beta.,.beta.-(4)-substituted and 3-4-trans,.beta.,.alpha.- (4)-substituted azetidinones is provided. Also provided are novel 4,4-disubstituted azetidinones.

Abstract: A method for preparing 2-amino-.beta.-lactams which are substituted by readily-removed protecting groups is provided. According to this invention, an acyl-2-amino-.beta.-lactam is further acylated with a different acyl group and is subsequently treated with base to provide a protected 2-amino .beta.-lactam with allyloxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, naphthyloxycarbonyl, trichloroethyloxycarbonyl, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, benzhydryloxycarbonyl, p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, or o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl.

Abstract: An improved process for making compounds having the formula ##STR1## includes subjecting an intermediate of the formula ##STR2## to hydrogenolysis in the presence of a ketonic solvent so as to simultaneously remove both Z-protecting groups from compound II while selectively reprotecting the --A.sub.1 --NH.sub.

Abstract: This invention presents novel 2-azetidinone compounds which are useful as antibacterial agents to eradicate or control susceptible microbes of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.401 and R.sub.402 are the same or different and are (a) hydrogen, (b) (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12) alkyl (c) (C.sub.2 -C.sub.8) alkenyl, (d) (C.sub.2 -C.sub.8) alkynyl, (e) (C.sub.3 -C.sub.10) cycloalkyl, (f) phenyl optionally substituted with from one to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, amino, nitro, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxy, (g) benzyl optionally substituted with from one to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, amino, nitro, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxy, (h) --CH.sub.2 --O--CO--CH.sub.2 --NHR.sub.420, (i) --CH.sub.2 --O--CO.sub.2 --R.sub.430, (j) --CH.sub.2 F, or (k) --CHF.sub.2 ; wherein R.sub.420 is (a) hydrogen, (b) --COH, or (c) --CO--O--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3 ; wherein R.sub.430 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8) alkyl, --(CH.

Abstract: Componds having the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, exhibit antibacterial activity wherein R is ##STR2##

Abstract: The invention provides a free radical process for preparing 1-carba(1-dethia)cephalosporin antibiotics represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is amino or protected amino, R.sub.1 is H or alkoxy, R.sub.3 is H or alkyl, Z is ##STR2## where R.sub.2 is, e.g., H, halogen, or alkyl, or --CH.sub.2 R.sub.2 ' where R.sub.2 ' is, e.g., hydroxy, methoxy, or heterocyclicthio group, and A is a carboxy-protecting group which comprises heating a 2-substituted-methylcephalosporin 1,1-dioxide of the formula ##STR3## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.3, and A are the same as in the formula above and Y is a free radical precursor group, e.g., C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 --Se--, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 --S--, or phenyl--Se--; with a free radical initiator, e.g., a trialkyltin hydride, radiation, or a cobalt I salophen. Also provided are free radical compounds formed as intermediates in the process.

Abstract: Epoxyimines, formed from epoxyaldehydes, react via cycloaddition with amino-protected glycyl halides to provide 3-protected-amino-4-(substituted oxiranyl)azetidinones represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein, e.g., R is protected amino; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is H, alkyl, phenyl, etc.; and R.sub.3 inter alia a nitrogen-protecting group. Chiral epoxyimines from chiral epoxyaldehydes induce high levels of asymmetric induction during the cycloaddition to provide substantially one diastereomer of the 3,4-disubstituted azetidinone. For example, the epoxyimine formed with (2R,3S)-2-formyl-3-phenyloxirane and 2,4-dimethoxybenzylamine is reacted with phthalimidoacetyl chloride to provide [3R,4R,4(2S,3S]-1-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-3-phthalimido-4-(3-phenyloxiran-2- yl)-2-azetidinone.The epoxy-substituted azetidinones are useful intermediates for .beta.-lactam antibiotic compounds.

Abstract: Cis .alpha..alpha., .beta..beta.-3-amino-4-[2-(2-furyl)vinyl-1-yl]-1-methoxycarbonylmethyl-aze tidin-2-one is resolved via optically active di-p-toluoyl tartaric acid.

Abstract: Cis .alpha..alpha./.beta..beta.-3-amino-[2-(2-furyl)eth-1-yl]-1-methoxycarbony lmethyl-azetidin-2-one is resolved via optically active malic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain 3-acylamino-4-(2'-substituted or unsubstituted allyl)-azetidinone products of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.12 is an acyl group;R.sub.13 is hydrogen or methoxy;R.sub.14 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl or cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl-C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl or (protected carboxy)-methyl; andR.sub.15 is hydrogen or an amino protecting group.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is acyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-carbonyl or aminocarbonyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sub.4 and R.sub.4, are each hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy or aralkyl, as well as the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds, are useful as antibacterial agents for combatting infections in mammals.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and possessing antibacterial activity, and intermediates to compounds of formula I having the formula

Abstract: A 2-oxa-isocephem compound of the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, composition containing the same and processes for preparing the same are disclosed. The compound is useful as an antimicrobial agent.

Abstract: An improved process for making compounds having the formula ##STR1## includes subjecting an intermediate of the formula ##STR2## to hydrogenolysis in the presence of a ketonic solvent so as to simultaneously remove both Z-protecting groups from compound II while selectively reprotecting the --A.sub.1 --NH.sub.2 end of that molecule.

Abstract: Azetidinone-2 intermediates represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is phenyl, phenoxy or thienyl, R.sub.1 is --CH.dbd.CH--COOR.sub.1 ' wherein R.sub.1 ' is an ester, e.g., benzyl; --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COR.sub.2 wherein R.sub.2 is OH or imidazol-1-yl; --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C(O)CH.sub.2 COOR.sub.1 ' where R.sub.1 ' is an ester, e.g., p-nitrobenzyl; and R', R" and R'" are C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, aryl or aralkyl; are converted to 1-carba(dethia)cephalosporin antibiotics. Preferably, R is phenoxy and the 1-silyl group is dimethyl-t-butylsilyl. Also provided is 3.beta.-phenoxyacetylamino-4.beta.-(2-carboxyethyl)azetidinone, likewise useful in the preparation of 1-carbacephalosporin antibiotics.

Abstract: Antibacterial activity is exhibited by 2-azetidinones having a 3-acylamino substituent and having an activating group in the 1-position of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 is ##STR2## wherein A.sub.1 is a single bond, ##STR3## --NH-- or ##STR4## A.sub.2 is a single bond, --NH--, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --NH-- or ##STR5## A.sub.3 is a single bond, --CH.dbd.CH--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --, --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.p -- or ##STR6## wherein t is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and p is 0 or 1; and A.sub.4 is a single bond --CH.sub.2 --, --NH--CH.sub.2 --, or --N.dbd.CH--.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 4-[3-carboxy-3-diazo-2-oxopropyl]azetidin-2-one of the formula ##STR1## comprising reacting a 4-acetoxy-2-azetininone of the formula ##STR2## with a compound of the formula ##STR3## in an inert solvent, in the presence of a base and of a silylating agent, in a one-pot process.Many of the products are new. The products are useful in the synthesis of carbapenem antibiotics.

Abstract: This invention concerns 2-oxoazetidine analogs (monobactams) having antimicrobial activity, novel processes and novel intermediates useful to make monobactams. The compounds of this invention include compounds of the formula: ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R.sub.1 is an acyl group derived from a carboxylic acid;A is either sulfo, phosphono or a trisubstituted silyl group substituted with (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyls or phenyl;R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of a. (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8) alkyl; b. (C.sub.2 -C.sub.8) alkenyl; c. (C.sub.3 -C.sub.8) alkynyl; d. (C.sub.3 -C.sub.8) cycloalkyl; e. (C.sub.6 -C.sub.8) aryl; f. (C.sub.6 -C.sub.12) aralkyl; g. heterocyclic radicals, where each member of (a) through (g) may be substituted by 1 to 4 substituents selected from group consisting of methoxy, hydroxy, halogen, nitro, and --N(R.sub.10)(R.sub.11) wherein R.sub.10 is hydrogen or alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) and R.sub.11 is hydrogen, alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) or alkoxy (C.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing .beta.-lactams by electrochemically deblocking N-substituting .beta.-lactams using anodic oxidation.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is one of the following: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1, is acyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl or aminocarbonyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R.sub.4 and R.sub.4 ' are hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, acyl or aralkyl, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds, are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: The invention provides azetidinones of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.4 is hydrogen, amino or protected amino; R.sup.0 is H when R.sub.4 is amino or protected amino, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl when R.sub.4 is H; R.sub.1 is H, CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 --.sub.n Y where Y is OH, protected OH, --CH.sub.2 OH, protected --CH.sub.2 OH, halogen, COOH or protected COOH; n is 1 or 2; --CH.sub.2 --C(O)SR.sub.1 ' where R.sub.1 ' is e.g., C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sub.2 is H or protecting group and R.sub.3 is e.g., alkyl or phenyl. The azetidinones obtained are useful intermediates to carbapenems and carbacephems and monocyclic antibacterials, e.g., .alpha.-(dialkylphosphono)-[[3.beta.-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(syn)metho xyiminoacetylamino]azetidin-2-one-1-yl]]acetic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Antibacterial activity is exhibited by .beta.

Abstract: Various heterocyclic compounds have been discovered that impart improved fuel economy and friction modification to lubricant and fuel compositions. These hetrocyclic compounds of the invention preferably contain nitrogen and may be further reacted with hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid acylating reactants or hydrocarbyl phenolic reactants to give higher molecular materials. These higher molecular weight materials have higher oil-solubility and impart dispersancy properties to lubricant and fuel compositions.

Abstract: Antibacterial activity is exhibited by 3-acylamino-2-oxoazetidines having in the 1-position an activating group of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is ##STR2## and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing a .beta.-keto ester of the formula ##STR1## is provided which comprises cycloaddition of an (S)-4-aryloxazolidin-2-one-3-ylacetyl halide with an imine formed with a benzyl amine and an m-alkoxycinnamaldehyde to form the azetidinone ##STR2## hydrogenation of the azetidinone to the 4-[2-(m-alkoxyphenyl)-ethyl]substituted azetidinone; reduction of the hydrogenation product with Li-NH.sub.3 and t-butyl alcohol to form the 3-aminoazetidinone. ##STR3## and N-acylation of the 3-aminoazetidinone followed by ozonolysis of the cyclodiene group; wherein, e.g. alk, is methyl, Ar is phenyl and R.sub.1 is phenoxymethyl.

Abstract: 2,5-Disubstituted oxazolidin-4-one-3-ylacetyl chlorides and 1,2,5-substituted imidazolidin-4-one-3-yl-acetyl chlorides function as chiral auxiliary moieties in the asymmetric cycloaddition with aldimines to provide cis-azetidinones. The azetidinones are useful intermediates in the preparation of antibiotics.

Abstract: Antibacterial activity is exhibited by 2-azetidinones having a 3-acylamino substituted and having an activating group in the 1-position of the formula ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 is a single bond, ##STR2## and A.sub.