Chalcogen, Additional Nitrogen, Or -c(=x)-, Wherein X Is Chalcogen, Attached Directly To The Nitrogen By Nonionic Bonding Patents (Class 540/606)
  • Patent number: 8772478
    Abstract: Benzenesulfonamide compounds having a structure of the following general formula (I) are described. Also described, are methods for synthesizing the compounds, and to the use thereof in pharmaceutical compositions for human or veterinary medicine and in cosmetic compositions.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 28, 2010
    Date of Patent: July 8, 2014
    Assignee: Galderma Research & Development
    Inventors: Laurence Clary, Sandrine Chambon, Laurent Chantalat, Pascale Mauvais, Olivier Roye, Marlène Schuppli
  • Publication number: 20120116072
    Abstract: Benzenesulfonamide compounds having a structure of the following general formula (I) are described. Also described, are methods for synthesizing the compounds, and to the use thereof in pharmaceutical compositions for human or veterinary medicine and in cosmetic compositions.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 28, 2010
    Publication date: May 10, 2012
    Inventors: Laurence Clary, Sandrine Chambon, Laurent Chantalat, Pascale Mauvais, Olivier Roye, Marlene Schuppli
  • Patent number: 8163943
    Abstract: The present invention is to provide manufacturing intermediates which can be led to useful ?-ketoamide compounds having protease-inhibiting activity extremely economically and stereoselectively, and to provide epoxycarboxamide compounds, azide compounds and amino alcohol compounds represented by the following formulae: wherein R1 and R2 each represents alkyl group, alkenyl group, aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group; R3 represents alkyl group, alkenyl group, aromatic hydrocarbon group, heterocyclic group, R6—O— or R7—N(R8)—; where R6 represents alkyl group, alkenyl group, aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group; R7 and R8 each represents hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, aromatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group, and, R4 and R5 represent the same groups as R7 and R8, respectively, and R4 and R5 optionally form a ring together; and X represents —O— or —N(R9)—, where R9 represents hydrogen atom or alkyl group, and X optionally forms a ring together with R4 or R5, and
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 31, 2007
    Date of Patent: April 24, 2012
    Assignee: Seikagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Nobuo Kobayashi, Tsuneo Koji, Takashi Fujita, Tomofumi Nishimura, Akihiko Hosoda
  • Patent number: 8158783
    Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel tetrahydro-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid derivatives having apoB secretion/MTP inhibiting activity and concomitant lipid lowering activity. The invention further relates to methods for preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds as well as the use of said compounds as a medicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis, pancreatitis, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and type II diabetes. Formula (I).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 22, 2007
    Date of Patent: April 17, 2012
    Assignee: Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V.
    Inventors: Lieven Meerpoel, Leo Jacobus Jozef Backx, Peter Ten Holte, Guuske Frederike Busscher
  • Publication number: 20100056497
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I) being useful as a renin inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. wherein R1a is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R1b is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkoxy, etc.; R1c is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkoxy, etc.; R2 is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R3a, R3b, R3c and R3d are independently the same or different, and each is a group of the formula: -A-B (in which A is a single bond, —(CH2)sO—, —(CH2)sN(R4)CO—, etc., B is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, etc.), etc.; R4 is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, etc.; s is 0, etc.; and n is 1, etc.
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 30, 2008
    Publication date: March 4, 2010
    Applicant: DAINIPPON SUMITOMO PHARMA CO., LTD
    Inventors: Hiroyuki Nakahira, Yohei Ikuma, Nobuhisa Fukuda, Tomonori Kobayashi, Shinya Tosaki
  • Publication number: 20100016291
    Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel tetrahydro-naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid derivatives having apoB secretion/MTP inhibiting activity and concomitant lipid lowering activity. The invention further relates to methods for preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds as well as the use of said compounds as a medicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis, pancreatitis, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and type II diabetes. Formula (I).
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 22, 2007
    Publication date: January 21, 2010
    Inventors: Lieven Meerpoel, Leo Jacobus Jozef Backx, Peter Ten Holte, Guuske Frederike Busscher
  • Publication number: 20090253904
    Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of a tetrahydro-1H-azepine of formula I wherein R1 and R2 have the meaning given in the claims; by a ring closure metathesis of the corresponding diene of formula II in the presence of a benzylidene ruthenium catalyst, wherein the phenyl group is substituted by a nitro group.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 7, 2007
    Publication date: October 8, 2009
    Applicant: BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PHARMA GMBH & CO. KG
    Inventor: Peter John Rosyk
  • Patent number: 7166609
    Abstract: Pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylic acid diamides of the formula I are suitable for selectively inhibiting collagenase (MMP 13). The pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxylic acid diamides can therefore be used for treating degenerative joint diseases.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 3, 2003
    Date of Patent: January 23, 2007
    Assignee: Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH
    Inventors: Otmar Klingler, Reinhard Kirsch, Joerg Habermann, Klaus-Ulrich Weithmann, Christian Engel, Bernard Pirard
  • Patent number: 7034110
    Abstract: A method for obtaining compounds having selected properties for a particular application by forming base modules having at least two structural diversity elements from the reaction of a first compound having at least one structural diversity element and a first reactive group, with a second compound having at least one structural diversity element and a second reactive group, wherein the first and second groups combine by an addition reaction; producing a first array of molecules by varying at least one of the structural diversity elements of the compounds when producing the base modules; and screening the array to determine a first suitable compound for the particular application. The base modules are preferably formed form oxazolone- and aminimide-derived compounds.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 23, 2004
    Date of Patent: April 25, 2006
    Assignee: ArQule, Inc.
    Inventor: Joseph C. Hogan, Jr.
  • Patent number: 6887864
    Abstract: This invention provides novel azepane derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, according to the general formula (I) wherein the symbols are defined in the specification, as well as processes for their manufacture. The compounds according to this invention possess anti-cell proliferation activity and show an increased plasma-stability.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 6, 2003
    Date of Patent: May 3, 2005
    Assignee: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
    Inventors: Walter-Gunar Friebe, Birgit Masjost, Ralf Schumacher
  • Patent number: 6878823
    Abstract: The present invention are substituted 9-arylsulfone-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indoles (X) and unsubstituted 9-arylsulfone-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino[4,5-b]indoles (XI) such as the compound of EXAMPLE 13 which are useful in treating depression, obesity and other CNS disorders.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 30, 2001
    Date of Patent: April 12, 2005
    Assignee: Pharmacia & Upjohn Company
    Inventors: Eric Jon Jacobsen, Susan Fox Jacobsen
  • Publication number: 20040235825
    Abstract: A carboxylic acid derivative of formula (I) 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 10, 2004
    Publication date: November 25, 2004
    Applicant: ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
    Inventors: Kousuke Tani, Masaki Osada, Kaoru Kobayashi, Masami Narita, Mikio Ogawa
  • Patent number: 6710179
    Abstract: Compounds of general formula (I) wherein m is 0 or 1, and n is 1 or 2; are disclosed and claimed in the present application, as well as their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the novel compounds and their use in therapy, in particular in the management of pain.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 15, 2002
    Date of Patent: March 23, 2004
    Assignee: AstraZeneca Canada Inc.
    Inventors: Benjamin Pelcman, Edward Roberts
  • Patent number: 6451789
    Abstract: Compound of formula (I): wherein: n represents 0 or 1, R1 represents hydrogen, arylalkyl, alkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl or trifluoroacetyl, R2 represents alkyl, X represents oxygen, chlorine, OR3, SR4 or NOR5, R3 represents hydrogen , alkyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl or arylalkoxycarbonyl, R4 represents hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, R5 represents hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, represents a single or double bond, Ar represents aryl or heteroaryl, its isomers and addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid, and medicinal products containing the same which are useful as facilitators of memory and cognition and antalgic agents.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 26, 2001
    Date of Patent: September 17, 2002
    Assignee: Les Labortoires Servier
    Inventors: Sylvain Rault, Olivier Renault, Jean Guillon, Patrick Dallemagne, Pierre Renard, Bruno Pfeiffer, Pierre Lestage, Marie-Cécile Lebrun
  • Publication number: 20020082254
    Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds, compositions containing them, and their use for treating medical disorders where a decreased level of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) is desired.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 17, 2001
    Publication date: June 27, 2002
    Inventors: Hector Beltrandelrio, Poul Jacobsen, Johannes Cornelis De Jong
  • Patent number: 6362177
    Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula (I), a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable C1-C6 alkyl addition salt thereof, and their medical applications. These compounds inhibit the action of chemokines such as MIP-1&agr; and/or MCP-1 on target cells, and are useful as therapeutic and/or preventative drugs in diseases, such as atheroclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and the like where blood monocytes and lymphocytes infiltrate into tissues.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 16, 2001
    Date of Patent: March 26, 2002
    Assignees: Teijin Limited, Dupont Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories
    Inventors: Tatsuki Shiota, Ken-ichiro Kataoka, Minoru Imai, Takaharu Tsutsumi, Masaki Sudoh, Ryo Sogawa, Takuya Morita, Takahiko Hada, Yumiko Muroga, Osami Takenouchi, Minoru Furuya, Noriaki Endo, Christine M. Tarby, Wilna Moree, Steven Teig
  • Patent number: 6011028
    Abstract: The current invention discloses useful amidino derivative useful as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 27, 1998
    Date of Patent: January 4, 2000
    Assignee: G.D. Searle & Co.
    Inventors: Donald W. Hansen, Jr., E. Ann. Hallinan, Timothy J. Hagen, Steven W. Kramer, Suzanne Metz, Karen B. Peterson, Dale P. Spangler, Mihaly V. Toth, Kam F. Fok, Arija A. Bergmanis, R. Keith Webber, Mahima Trivedi, Foe S. Tjoeng, Barnett S. Pitzele
  • Patent number: 5973188
    Abstract: Acetic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein L, M, T and Q have the significance given in the description, can be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of illnesses which are caused by the binding of adhesive proteins to blood platelets and by blood platelet aggregation and cell--cell adhesion, and are manufactured by cleaving protecting groups in the corresponding protected compounds or by converting the cyano group into the amidino group in corresponding nitrites.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 3, 1997
    Date of Patent: October 26, 1999
    Assignee: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
    Inventors: Leo Alig, Paul Hadvary, Marianne Hurzeler Muller, Marcel Muller, Beat Steiner, Thomas Weller
  • Patent number: 5958918
    Abstract: The compounds of formula I exhibit useful pharmacological activity and accordingly are incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions and used in the treatment of patients suffering from certain medical disorders. More especially, they are inhibitors of the activity of Factor Xa. The present invention is directed to compounds of formula I, compositions containing compounds of formula I, and their use, which are for treating a patient suffering from, or subject to, physiological condition which can be ameliorated by the administration of an inhibitor of the activity of Factor Xa.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 21, 1997
    Date of Patent: September 28, 1999
    Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals Inc.
    Inventors: William R. Ewing, Michael R. Becker, Henry W. Pauls, Daniel L. Cheney, Jonathan Stephen Mason, Alfred P. Spada, Yong Mi Choi-Sledeski
  • Patent number: 5856318
    Abstract: Certain nitrogen-containing cyclohetero cycloalkylaminoaryl compounds are described for treatment of CNS disorders such as cerebral ischemia, psychoses and convulsions. Compounds of particular interest are of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is independently selected from hydrido, lower alkyl, benzyl, and haloloweralkyl;wherein each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.8 through R.sup.11 is independently selected from hydrido, hydroxy, loweralkyl, benzyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy and haloloweralkyl; wherein n is an integer of from four to six; wherein m is an integer of from two to four; wherein A is selected from phenyl, naphthyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl and thienyl; wherein any of the foregoing A groups can be further substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from hydrido, hydroxy, loweralkyl, loweralkoxy, halo, haloloweralkyl, amino, monoloweralkylamino and diloweralkylamino; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 11, 1997
    Date of Patent: January 5, 1999
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and Human Services
    Inventors: Wayne Bowen, Brian R. de Costa, Celia Dominguez, Xiao-Shu He, Kenner C. Rice
  • Patent number: 5854234
    Abstract: The current invention discloses useful pharmaceutical compositions containing azepine derivatives useful as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 6, 1995
    Date of Patent: December 29, 1998
    Assignee: G. D. Searle & Co.
    Inventors: Donald W. Hansen, Jr., Mark G. Currie, E. Ann Hallinan, Kam F. Fok, Timothy J. Hagen, Arija A. Bergmanis, Steven W. Kramer, Len F. Lee, Suzanne Metz, William M. Moore, Karen B. Peterson, Barnett S. Pitzele, Dale P. Spangler, R. Keith Webber, Mihaly V. Toth, Mahima Trivedi, Foe S. Tjoeng
  • Patent number: 5744607
    Abstract: The invention is directed to glutamic acid and aspartic acid derivatives represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted phenyl groups, unsubstituted, mono- or di-substituted phenylamino groups, a 2(beta)naphthyl group, and heterocyclic, monocyclic and dicyclic groups; R.sub.2 is selected from heterocyclic spiro groups, aminoalkyladamantyl groups, alkylamino groups, C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 cycloalkylamino groups and dicyclic amino groups (condensed); R.sub.3 is H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; A is a bond or a linear or branched alkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; W is a tertiary amino group or a heterocyclic group; and r is 1 or 2. The compounds have a potent antagonistic effect on gastrin and cholecystokinin and can be used to treat diseases which are linked to imbalances in the physiological levels of gastrin, cholecystokinin or other biologically active polypeptides related thereto.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 18, 1996
    Date of Patent: April 28, 1998
    Assignee: Rotta Research Laboratorium S.p.A.
    Inventors: Francesco Makovec, Lucio C. Rovati, Luigi A. Rovati
  • Patent number: 5612353
    Abstract: The compounds of formula I exhibit useful pharmacological activity and accordingly are incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions and used in the treatment of patients suffering from certain medical disorders. More especially, they are Factor Xa inhibitors. The present invention is directed to compounds of formula I, compositions containing compounds of formula I, and their use, which are for treating a patient suffering from, or subject to, conditions which can be ameliorated by the administration of an inhibitor of Factor Xa.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 7, 1995
    Date of Patent: March 18, 1997
    Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals Inc.
    Inventors: William R. Ewing, Michael R. Becker, Henry W. Pauls, Daniel L. Cheney, Jonathan S. Mason, Alfred P. Spada
  • Patent number: 5510344
    Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein X is oxygen or sulphur, W is CH or N, m is 0 or 1, and either a) n is 1 and Q is a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring of 3 to 10 ring atoms, containing one to three hetero atoms selected from oxygen, sulphur and nitrogen, which may be substituted and may be fused to another ring, with the proviso a) that if Q is thiazol-2-in-2-yl, it is substituted but not by methylene, and b) Q is not a six membered ring containing only two nitrogen atoms, or b) n is 0 or 1 and Q is ##STR2## where R.sup.1 is alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio, and R.sup.2 is heteroaryl, non aromatic heterocyclyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl or optionally substituted alkyl containing at least 5 carbon atoms, phenyl substituted by one or more groups selected from halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, alkylthio and alkoxycarbonyl, and when R.sup.1 is alkyl or alkoxy, or, when W is nitrogen, R.sup.2 can also be unsubstituted phenyl, have pesticidal especially fungicidal activity.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 4, 1994
    Date of Patent: April 23, 1996
    Assignee: Schering Agrochemicals Limited
    Inventors: Geoffrey R. Cliff, Ian C. Richards
  • Patent number: 5423998
    Abstract: Amino-derivative (poly)peroxycarboxylic acids which have the formula: ##STR1## wherein the symbols have the following meanings: R, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2, which may be equal to or different from one another, represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups or groups selected from R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked, give rise to an aliphatic heterocyclic group, all of them being optionally substituted;A represents a (cyclo)alkylene group, an arylene group which may also be condensed with cycloaliphatic groups, a cycloalkylene-alkylene or an alkylene-cycloalkylene group, an arylene-alkylene or an alkylene-arylene group, which may be condensed with cyclo-aliphatic groups, wherein said alkylene group may also be interrupted by --CONR.sub.3 groups, wherein R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group;X.sup.- represents HSO.sub.4.sup.- or CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.- ; a process for their preparation; and their use as bleaching agents.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 13, 1993
    Date of Patent: June 13, 1995
    Assignee: Ausimont S.r.l.
    Inventors: Carlo Venturello, Claudio Cavallotti
  • Patent number: 5340801
    Abstract: This invention relates to N-arylcarbamoyl proline analogues which are useful as cholecystokinin and gastrin antagonists, to pharmaceutical compositions including such proline analogues, and to their use in preventing or treating cholecystokinin or gastrin related disorders.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 8, 1991
    Date of Patent: August 23, 1994
    Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals Inc.
    Inventors: William R. Ewing, Bruce F. Molino
  • Patent number: 5281626
    Abstract: A novel benzenesulfonamide derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## has an inhibitory activity against phospholipase A.sub.2, so that it is effective in the treatment of diseases for which such an activity is efficacious.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 26, 1991
    Date of Patent: January 25, 1994
    Assignee: Eisai Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Hitoshi Oinuma, Takashi Hasegawa, Tadanobu Takamura, Kenichi Nomoto, Yoshiharu Daiku, Toshihiko Naito, Sachiyuki Hamano
  • Patent number: 5041545
    Abstract: Hydrazide functionalized 2-hydroxybenzophenone ultraviolet light and heat stabilizers and derivatives are disclosed having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, X, Y, Z, all substituents thereof, and n are set forth in the Summary of the Invention. Y--N(R.sup.6)--Z is the hydrazide or derivative group and --X--R.sup.5 -- links the hydrazide group to an aromatic nucleus of the optionally substituted benzophenone group. Derivatives are, for example, acyl hydrazides, diacyl hydrazides (including imides), hydrazones and alkyl hydrazides. The compounds are useful as ultraviolet light absorbers and heat stabilizers for plastics.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 6, 1989
    Date of Patent: August 20, 1991
    Assignee: Atochem North America, Inc.
    Inventor: Terry N. Myers
  • Patent number: 4877874
    Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing N-aminohexamethyleneimine, which comprises allowing hexamethyleneimine to react with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid in the presence of an aqueous solvent and an inorganic base.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 26, 1987
    Date of Patent: October 31, 1989
    Assignee: Ube Indrustries, Ltd.
    Inventors: Minoru Kawano, Katsumi Simizu, Eiji Isonaga, Shigeo Kurata
  • Patent number: 4839358
    Abstract: Novel .alpha.-mercaptomethyl-benzene propanamides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and ##STR2## R.sub.1 ' is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and aryl optionally substituted with at least one member of the group consisting of --OH, --NO.sub.2, halogen and alkyl and alkoxy of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, X and X' are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and alkoxy of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, --OH, halogen and --CF.sub.3, R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydrothiazinyl and hexahydroazepinyl, all optionally substituted with at least one member of the group consisting of alkyl and alkoxy of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, --OH, --NO.sub.2, --CF.sub.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 23, 1988
    Date of Patent: June 13, 1989
    Assignee: Roussel Uclaf
    Inventors: Jean-Paul Vevert, Francoise Delevallee, Jean-Claude Gasc, Francis Petit
  • Patent number: 4822792
    Abstract: Compounds of formula: ##STR1## in which R and R' each denote an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical having 1 to 7 carbon atoms; X denotes --O-- or H.sub.2 ; and Y and Z denote hydrogen or one or more radicals chosen from halogeno, hydroxy, straight or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, trifluoromethyl or methylenedioxy; n being able to assume the values 2 or 3; and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.Application as a cardiovascular medicinal product.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 22, 1987
    Date of Patent: April 18, 1989
    Assignee: Riom Laboratoires C.E.R.M.
    Inventors: Patrick Carlier, Jacques A. Simond, Andre J. Monteil