Abstract: An exchange membrane containing modified maleimide oligomers comprising sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) (S-PAEK) and modified maleimide oligomers. The exchange membrane uses the modified maleimide oligomers having a hyper-branched architecture as matrix, and introduces them into S-PAEK to constitute semi-interpenetration network (semi-IPN), so as to intensify water holding capacity, chemical resistance, the electrochemical stability and thermal resistance of the ionic/proton exchange membrane. The exchange membrane can be used to fabricate the membrane electrode assemblies, fuel cells, and be applied them to the fields of seawater desalination, heavy water and sewage treatment, and biomass-energy resources.

Abstract: Method for preparing compounds of the formula (III) by reacting compounds of the formula (II) with a) an alcoholate or b) an alcohol R1-OH and a base in the presence of a Cu-containing catalyst and of a ligand, where X1-5 are independently of one another either carbon or nitrogen, or in each case two adjacent X1R1, with i=1?6, linked by a formal double bond together O, S, NRH or Nrl. The ligands preferably employed are acyclic and/or cyclic oligo- and polyglycols, oligo- and polyamides or oligo- and polyamine glycols of the general formula (IV) k is an integer >0 and n is an integer >1; X and Y are independently of one another O, NH or NR1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing sulfamoyl halides of primary or secondary amines, comprising the following steps: i) reacting a primary or secondary amine A1 with at least equimolar amounts of SO3 or an SO3 source in the presence of at least equimolar amounts of a tertiary amine A2, based in each case on the amine A1, and ii) reacting the reaction mixture obtained in step i) with at least the amount of a phosphorus halide required by the stoichiometry; The invention further relates to a process for preparing sulfonic diamides, comprising the preparation of sulfamoyl halides by means of carrying out steps i) and ii) and subsequently reacting the sulfamoyl halide obtained with ammonia. The invention further relates to the use of this process for preparing active herbicidal ingredients having a sulfuric diamide structure. The invention further relates to novel sulfamoyl chlorides.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds which bind to integrin receptors, their use as ligands of integrin receptors, in particular as ligands of the &agr;v&bgr;3 integrin receptor, their use, and pharmaceutical preparations comprising these compounds.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleosides are provided that include efficient methods for the preparation of the 1,3-oxathiolane ring and subsequent condensation of the 1,3-oxathiolane with a pyrimidine or purine base. Using the processes described herein, the compounds can be provided as isolated enantiomers.

Abstract: Heteroarylpiperidines, pyrrolidines, and piperazines are useful as antipsychotic and analgesic agents. The compounds are especially useful for treating psychoses by administering to a mammal a psychoses-treating effective amount of one of the compounds. Depot derivatives of the compounds are useful for providing long acting effects of the compounds. The compounds are also useful as analgesics by administering a pain-relieving effective amount of one of the compounds to a mammal.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I) and (II): ##STR1## are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.