Abstract: The composition of the present invention related to a quaternary ammonium salt detergent and the use of such quaternary ammonium salt detergents in a fuel composition to reduce diesel injector deposits and remove or clean up existing deposits on the diesel injectors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the formation of a stable dianionic ?-dimer-[TCNE]22? (TCNE-tetracyanoethylene) at ambient conditions that exhibits unusually intense white emission over the entire visible spectral range (400-800 nm) and has application in designing white light emitting devices. Particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable dimer in an organic solvent upon aging at room temperature, in the presence of anions such as Br?, Cl?, SCN?, which reduces the TCNE to a TCNE anion radical (TCNE.?) which subsequently dimerizes to form the stable dianionic dimer upon aging. More particularly, the dimer formed in this invention opens a new class of materials to design white light emitting devices having high intensity over the entire visible spectral range. The dimer also forms electron transfer salts used to develop new molecule-based metals, superconductors, and magnets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to long-chain dimethylaniline derivative compounds, their preparation methods, self-assembled texture, and uses thereof. Said compounds show ultralong acting anaesthetic effect, and belong to N-diethylaminoacetyl-2,6-dimethylaniline compounds, having a structure according to formula (I). Said compounds may self-assemble into micelle or gel in an aqueous solvent, and exert an in vivo elongated local anesthetic actions. Local anesthesia and/or analgesic activity can last more than 72 hours. The biomaterials can self-assemble into micelles or gels in water and have local anesthetic effect, as well as can further be used as the coating of medicinal bioactive molecules for treatment of pain, itching and the like and/or the drug carriers, together with as pharmaceutical adjuvants for delivery system. Thus, said materials have a favorable perspective.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separating the output from the reaction of EDDN or EDMN with hydrogen in the presence of THF, a catalyst, TETA or DETA, water, and optionally organic compounds having higher and lower boiling points than TETA or DETA. Hydrogen is removed, and the output is supplied to a distillation column DK1 in which an azeotrope, optionally comprising organic compounds with a boiling point lower than TETA or DETA, is removed from the top. A product comprising TETA or DETA is removed from the bottom and passed into a distillation column DK2, removing THF. A stream comprising TETA or DETA passes from the bottom of DK2. The DK1 azeotrope is condensed. Phase separation is induced by the addition of an organic solvent essentially immiscible with water, and the mixture is separated. The organic phase is recycled into DK1 and the water phase is discharged.

Abstract: The discovery of distinct modes of asymmetric catalysis has the potential to rapidly advance chemists' ability to build enantioenriched molecules. As an example, the use of chiral cation salts as phase-transfer catalysts for anionic reagents has enabled a vast set of enantioselective transformations. A largely overlooked analogous mechanism wherein a chiral anionic catalyst brings a cationic species into solution is itself a powerful method. The concept is broadly applicable to a number of different reaction pathways, including to the enantioselective fluorocyclization of olefins, and dearomatization of aromatic systems with a cationic electrophile-transferring (e.g., fluorinating) agent and a chiral phosphate catalyst. The reactions proceed in high yield and stereoselectivity. The compounds and methods of the invention are of particular value, especially considering the scarcity of alternative approaches.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of treating or ameliorating hypercholemia or a cholestatic liver disease by administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an Apical Sodium-dependent Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor (ASBTI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are methods for treating or ameliorating a liver disease, decreasing the levels of serum bile acids or hepatic bile acids, treating or ameliorating pruritis, reducing liver enzymes, or reducing bilirubin comprising administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of ASBTI or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an sorbent for removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) contained in combustion flue gases or in the atmosphere by using a diamine-based ionic liquid or a diamine compound supported by a polymer resin. To be specific, the present invention relates to a method of using a tertiary diamine compound immobilized on a polymer surface as a SO2 sorbent and also relates to a novel sorbent for absorbing or adsorbing a sulfur dioxide hydrate (SO2.H2O) formed by a bond between SO2 and water.

Abstract: Provided herein are pediatric dosage forms for use in the treatment of a pediatric cholestatic liver disease by non-systemically administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the pediatric dosage form comprising an Apical Sodium-dependent Bile Acid Transporter Inhibitor (ASBTI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also provided are said pediatric dosage form for use in the treatment of a pediatric liver disease, for use in decreasing the levels of serum bile acids or hepatic bile acids, for use in the treatment of pruritis, for use in reducing liver enzymes or bilirubin comprising non-systemically administering to an individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a pediatric formulation comprising an ASBTI or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a family of agents that target bacterial infection, which can be used as imaging agents or therapeutic agents. The agents can be used to image sites of bacterial infection as well as other physiological processes in a subject.

Abstract: TGR5 agonists of structural formula VIII(Q), wherein X, R1, R2, and R5 are defined in the specification, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, compositions thereof, and use of the compounds and compositions for treating diseases. The invention also comprises use of the compounds in and for the manufacture of medicaments, particularly for treating diseases.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides novel oligo phenylene ethynylene (OPE) compounds, methods for synthesizing these compounds, and materials and substances incorporating these compounds. The various OPEs show antibacterial, antiviral and anti-fungal activity.

Abstract: A method of removing a residue from a surface, including applying to the surface a composition including (a) a quaternary ammonium hydroxide having a general formula (I): as defined herein, and (b) a dipolar aprotic solvent substantially free of water; and removing at least a substantial portion of the residue from the surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides novel poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) compounds, methods for synthesizing these compounds, and materials and substances incorporating these compounds. The various PPEs show antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula (I) as fluorinating reagents, to a process for the fluorination of organic compounds by reaction thereof with compounds of the formula (I), and to compounds of the formula (I).

Abstract: Provided are compounds with a donor moiety, a first acceptor moiety and a second acceptor moiety, as shown by Formula (I): With the unique molecular design, compounds of Formula (I) can provide a desirable power conversion efficiency. Moreover, this invention also provides organic thin-film solar cells comprising the above-mentioned compounds.

Abstract: Herein are disclosed adducts of amines and polycarboxylic acids, and methods of making such adducts. Such adducts can be used to remove cyanogen chloride. Also disclosed are methods of providing such adducts on supports to form filter media. Also disclosed are methods of combining such filter media with catalysts and/or with porous polymeric webs to form filter systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), activation of nAChRs, and the treatment of disease conditions associated with defective or malfunctioning nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially of the brain. Further, this invention relates to novel compounds for example, indoles, 1H-indazoles, 1,2-benzisoxazoles, and 1,2-benzisothiazoles, which act as ligands for the ?7 nAChR subtype, methods of preparing such compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are described. Processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, their use as medicaments and their use in the treatment of bacterial infections are also described.

Abstract: A method and ionic liquid for the electrorecovery of metal from a metal salt including at least one metal ion. The method includes the steps of dissolving the metal salt in an ionic liquid, the ionic liquid including an ionic liquid cation and an ionic liquid anion; whereby the metal ion of the metal salt forms a metal complex in solution with at least the ionic liquid cation; and subjecting the metal complex to an electrical potential between a cathode and anode to recover metal at the cathode. The ionic liquid includes an ionic liquid cation and an ionic liquid anion, wherein the ionic liquid cation has an affinity for the metal ion which is at least about equal to that of the ionic liquid anion for the metal ion.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel piperazine derivatives and their use as active ingredients in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions. The invention also concerns related aspects including pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of those compounds and their use as medicaments for the treatment or prevention of protozoal infections, especially malaria.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical useful as a therapeutic agent and a preventive agent for hyperlipemia, and a pharmaceutical useful as a therapeutic agent and a preventive agent for hepatic disorders associated with cholestasis, particularly, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, and a pharmaceutical useful as a therapeutic agent and a preventive agent for obesity, fatty liver and steatohepatitis are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), activation of nAChRs, and the treatment of disease conditions associated with defective or malfunctioning nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially of the brain. Further, this invention relates to novel compounds for example, indoles, 1H-indazoles, 1,2-benzisoxazoles, and 1,2-benzisothiazoles, which act as ligands for the ?7 nAChR subtype, methods of preparing such compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed comprising novel fluorinated cationic alcohols in a cosmetically acceptable vehicle. The fluorinated compounds alter a surface property of the hair to provide hair conditioning, for example. In embodiments, the compounds have improved water solubility and deposition properties.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (IA) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are described. Processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, their use as medicaments and their use in the treatment of bacterial infections are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), activation of nAChRs, and the treatment of disease conditions associated with defective or malfunctioning nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially of the brain. Further, this invention relates to novel compounds for example, indoles, 1H-indazoles, 1,2-benzisoxazoles, and 1,2-benzisothiazoles, which act as ligands for the ?7 nAChR subtype, methods of preparing such compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing triethylenediamine (TEDA) derivatives, comprising the following steps: a) reacting a dihydropyrazine with an olefin, b) if appropriate hydrogenating after step a). The present invention further also relates to novel TEDA derivatives as such and to their use as incorporable polyurethane catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to providing antimicrobial surfaces containing 1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and hydrocarbon groups and/or chains. More specifically, the present invention is directed to antimicrobial compositions wherein the hydroxyl groups on polyols are replaced by 1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. The invention is also directed to methods of making antimicrobial compositions containing polyols.

Abstract: A surfactant comprising a polyether segment including at least one pendant alkoxyfluoroalkyl group, and a cationic substituent defined by one of the formulae: or the substituted derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), activation of nAChRs, and the treatment of disease conditions associated with defective or malfunctioning nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially of the brain. Further, this invention relates to novel compounds for example, indoles, 1H-indazoles, 1,2-benzisoxazoles, and 1,2-benzisothiazoles, which act as ligands for the ?7 nAChR subtype, methods of preparing such compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: An anti acid-fast bacterial agent containing, as an active ingredient, a pyridonecarboxylic acid derivative represented by the following general formula (1), a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, which shows excellent antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical acid-fast bacteria and exhibits good pharmacokinetics and safety

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the synthesis of chiral non-racemic products, e.g., enantiomerically-enriched hemiesters, from prochiral and meso starting materials, e.g., prochiral and meso cyclic anhydrides. The present invention also relates to catalysts for the aforementioned methods, and methods for synthesizing these catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing TEDA solutions comprising a solvent selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols and ethers of polyhydric alcohols. The process comprises passing gaseous TEDA into the solvent and subsequently treating the solutions with one or more suitable adsorbents. This gives solutions which have only low color numbers and are color-stable on storage. The solutions can be used as such in preferred applications of TEDA, preferably polyurethane production.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel diazabicyclic biaryl derivatives, which are found to be cholinergic ligands at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modulators of the monoamine receptors and transporters. Due to their pharmacological profile the compounds of the invention may be useful for the treatment of diseases or disorders as diverse as those related to the cholinergic system of the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS), diseases or disorders related to smooth muscle contraction, endocrine diseases or disorders, diseases or disorders related to neuro-degeneration, diseases or disorders related to inflammation, pain, and withdrawal symptoms caused by the termination of abuse of chemical substances.

Abstract: Compound corresponding to the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: Among its several embodiments, the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of tetrahydrobenzothiepine-1,1-dioxide compounds; the provision of a process for preparing a diastereomeric mixture of tetrahydrobenzothiepine-1,1-dioxide compounds from a single diastereomer of such compounds; the provision of a process for the preparation of 3-bromo-2-substituted propionaldehyde compounds; and the provision of a process for the preparation of 3-thio-2-substituted propionaldehyde compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel substituted succinic acid metallo-&bgr;-lactamase inhibitors which are useful potentiators of &bgr;-lactam antibiotics.

Abstract: Among its several embodiments, the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of tetrahydrobenzothiepine-1,1-dioxide compounds; the provision of a process for preparing a diastereomeric mixture of tetrahydrobenzothiepine-1,1-dioxide compounds from a single diastereomer of such compounds; the provision of a process for the preparation of 3-bromo-2-substituted propionaldehyde compounds; the provision of a process for the preparation of 3-thio-2-substituted propionaldehyde compounds; and the provision of a process for the preparation of single crystals of ASBT inhibitors having high purity and low levels of solvent impurities.

Abstract: Thiepine apical sodium co-dependent bile acid transport (ASBT) inhibitors are disclosed together with methods of making the same, methods of using the same to treat hyperlipidemic conditions as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the same compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel processes for the preparation of (R)-1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-ol. This compound is useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of compounds which possess pharmacological activity.

Abstract: Among its several embodiments, the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of tetrahydrobenzothiepine-1,1-dioxide compounds; the provision of a process for preparing a diastereomeric mixture of tetrahydrobenzothiepine-1,1-dioxide compounds from a single diastereomer of such compounds; the provision of a process for the preparation of 3-bromo-2-substituted propionaldehyde compounds; and the provision of a process for the preparation of 3-thio-2-substituted propionaldehyde compounds.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) 1

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with novel processes for the preparation of (R)-1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-ol. This compound is useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of compounds which possess pharmacological activity.

Abstract: In a process for the purification of triethylenediamine (TEDA) in which TEDA is vaporized and the gaseous TEDA is passed into a liquid solvent and is subsequently crystallized from this, the mother liquor obtained after the TEDA has been crystallized is extracted with an extractant which is immiscible or only slightly miscible with the solvent of the mother liquor and in which TEDA is readily soluble, and the TEDA-depleted mother liquor obtained after extraction and/or the TEDA-enriched extractant which has been used for the extraction are/is returned to the process.

Abstract: A molded catalyst for production of triethylenediamine, wherein (1) the main components are silica and crystalline aluminosilicate, (2) the silica is amorphous, and the content of the silica is from 5 to 70 wt %, (3) the molar ratio of silica to alumina in the crystalline aluminosilicate is at least 12, and the content of the crystalline aluminosilicate is from 30 to 95 wt %, and (4) the hardness is at least 1 kg.

Abstract: Among its several embodiments, the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of tetrahydrobenzothiepine-1,1-dioxide compounds; the provision of a process for preparing a diastereomeric mixture of tetrahydrobenzothiepine-1,1-dioxide compounds from a single diastereomer of such compounds; the provision of a process for the preparation of 3-bromo-2-substituted propionaldehyde compounds; and the provision of a process for the preparation of 3-thio-2-substituted propionaldehyde compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of the following general formula [I] or a medicinally acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, cyano, or halogen; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, hydroxy, or halogen; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen, alkyl, or amidino; Ring A represents a 5 to 11-membered cyclic amino group which may be substituted, which cyclic amino group may be bridged between two carbon atoms in optional positions. The compound of this invention is useful for the prevention or treatment of cerebral tissue impairment due to the vasospasm following cerebral hemorrhage.

Abstract: The invention concerns compounds of general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents a methyl group, X.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, or OR.sub.1 and X.sub.1 together form a group of formula --O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --,--O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --, --O(CH.sub.2).sub.2 O-- or --O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 O--, X.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an amino group, and X.sub.3 representing a halogen atom. The compounds are ligands of serotoninergic receptors of the 5-HT.sub.3 and/or 5-HT.sub.4 types, and act as 5-HT.sub.4 agonists and/or 5-HT.sub.3 antogonists.

Abstract: The invention relates to sulfonamide-containing hydroxyethylamine protease inhibitor compounds, their process of making, composition and method of use for inhibiting retroviral proteases such as human immunodeficiency virus.

Abstract: A process for preparing a N,N'-difluorodiazoniabicycloalkane salt of the formula: ##STR1## by reacting a corresponding diazabicycloalkane or diazabicycloalkane Br.o slashed.nsted acid salt and fluorine in the presence of a Br.o slashed.nsted acid or in the presene or absence of a base, by reacting a corresponding N,N'-difluorodiazoniabicycloalkane salt and an acid or salt, by reacting a corresponding diazabicycloalkane and fluorine in the presence of a Br.o slashed.nsted acid and then reacting an intermediate product and an acid or salt, or by reacting a corresponding diazabicycloalkane Br.o slashed.nsted acid salt and fluorine in the presence or absence of a base and then reacting an intermediate product and an acid or salt.

Abstract: A process for preparing triethylenediamine by passing an amine compound over a catalyst at elevated temperature to afford a reaction product containing triethylenediamine and piperazine, the amine compound having, in the molecule, a moiety represented by the following general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X is oxygen or nitrogen characterized by adding an ethylating compound containing at least one nitrogen and/or oxygen atom to the reaction product and contacting the reaction product, under conditions sufficient to produce triethylenediamine from the ethylating compound and piperazine, with a condensation/cyclization shape-selective zeolite catalyst demonstrating a triethylenediamine/piperazine weight ratio uptake value of at least 6:1.