Abstract: The present invention includes polycationic amphiphilic compounds of formula VII useful as antimicrobial agents. The present invention further includes novel polymers of polycationic amphiphilic compounds useful as antimicrobial agents. The present invention further includes methods useful for removing microorganisms and/or biofilm-embedded microorganisms from a surface. The present invention further includes compositions and methods useful for preventing or reducing the growth or proliferation of microorganisms and/or biofilm-embedded microorganisms on a surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for using, as a carbon dioxide absorbent, a secondary amine having a nitrile group, that is, a 3-(alkylamino)propionitrile compound. The absorbent based on the 3-(alkylamino)propionitrile compound and the carbon dioxide absorption method and separation method using same, according to the present invention, not only have an excellent carbon dioxide absorption capacity and a rapid carbon dioxide absorption rate, but also allow absorbent regeneration even at a considerably low temperature compared with a conventional alkanolamine-based absorbent and thus can significantly reduce the entire energy consumption required for an absorption process, and can also prevent recovered carbon dioxide from being contaminated with moisture and absorbent vapor, owing to the low regeneration temperature.

Abstract: The present invention describes cyclic amine compounds useful for catalysts for polyurethane form-forming compositions. The cyclic amine compounds of the invention provide distinct benefits for reaction compositions, methods, and polyurethane foams based on their desirable physical and catalytic properties.

Abstract: Treatment compositions for neutralizing acidic species and reducing hydrochloride and amine salts in a fluid hydrocarbon stream are disclosed. The treatment compositions may comprise at least one amine with a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0. Methods for neutralizing acidic species and reducing deposits of hydrochloride and amine salts in a hydrocarbon refining process are also disclosed. The methods may comprise providing a fluid hydrocarbon stream and adding a treatment composition to the fluid hydrocarbon stream. The treatment compositions used may have a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0 and comprise either water-soluble or oil-soluble amines.

Abstract: A process for producing N-methyl or N,N-dimethyl amines, which comprises using amine compound, nitro-containing compound or nitrile compound as a starting material, carbon dioxide as a methylating agent and hydrogen gas as a reducing agent, and allowing them to react in a sealed reactor for 6 to 48 h in a reaction medium at a reaction temperature of 80 to 180 ° C. in the presence of a composite catalyst, so as to provide N-methyl or N,N-dimethyl amines. The process of the present invention is simple and under relative mild reaction conditions. By means of the process of the invention, the target products can be prepared at low cost with a high yield. The catalysts used have a high catalytic activity and can be separated from the reaction system simply and reused. Furthermore, the whole process of the present invention is environmental-friendly and facilitates the cycling use of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cyclic tertiary amine of the formula I where A is a C4-alkylene group, a C5-alkylene group or a —(CH2)2—B—(CH2)2— group, where B is oxygen (O) or an N—R1 radical and R1 is C1-C5-alkyl, aryl or C5-C7-cycloalkyl, and the radical R2 is a linear or branched C2-C16-alkyl, C5-C7-cycloalkyl or C7-C20-aralkyl, in which (i) an amino alcohol II from the group consisting of 1,4-aminobutanol, 1,5-aminopentanol, aminodiglycol (ADG) and aminoethylethanolamine of the formula IIa where R1 is as defined above or hydrogen (H), in which case R1=R2 in the amine I, is reacted with a primary or secondary alcohol R2OH (III) at a temperature in the range from 150 to 270° C. in the liquid phase in the presence of a copper-comprising heterogeneous catalyst in a reactor.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a mono-N-alkylpiperazine of the formula I in which R1 is C1- to C5-alkyl or 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl, by reacting diethanolamine (DEOA) of the formula II with a primary amine of the formula H2N—R1 (III) in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst molding, where the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at an absolute pressure in the range from 150 to 250 bar and the amination is carried out by means of a catalyst molding, the precursor of which can be prepared according to a process in which (i) an oxidic material comprising copper oxide, aluminum oxide and lanthanum oxide is provided, (ii) pulverulent metallic copper and/or copper flakes and optionally graphite is added to the oxidic material, (iii) the mixture resulting from step ii is shaped to give a molding, where the oxidic material is obtainable by simultaneous or successive precipitation of the component copper oxide, of the component aluminum oxide and of the component lanthanum oxide and subsequent dry

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a mono-N-alkylpiperazine of the formula I in which R1 is C1- to C5-alkyl or 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl, by reacting diethanolamine (DEOA) of the formula II with a primary amine of the formula H2N—R1 (III) in the presence of hydrogen and a supported, metal-containing catalyst, where the catalytically active mass of the catalyst, prior to its reduction with hydrogen, comprises oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum, copper, nickel and cobalt and, in the range from 0.2 to 5.0% by weight, oxygen-containing compounds of tin, calculated as SnO, and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at an absolute pressure in the range from 95 to 145 bar.

Abstract: Disclosed is an sorbent for removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) contained in combustion flue gases or in the atmosphere by using a diamine-based ionic liquid or a diamine compound supported by a polymer resin. To be specific, the present invention relates to a method of using a tertiary diamine compound immobilized on a polymer surface as a SO2 sorbent and also relates to a novel sorbent for absorbing or adsorbing a sulfur dioxide hydrate (SO2.H2O) formed by a bond between SO2 and water.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification, in free form or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, N-oxide thereof; processes for the preparation thereof; to pharmaceuticals containing such compounds, in particular for the use in one or more Protein tyrosine kinase mediated diseases.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a mono-N-alkylpiperazine of the formula I in which R1 is C1- to C5-alkyl or 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl, by reacting diethanolamine (DEOA) of the formula II with a primary amine of the formula H2N—R1 (III) in the presence of hydrogen and a supported, metal-containing catalyst, where the catalytically active mass of the catalyst, prior to its reduction with hydrogen, comprises oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum, copper, nickel and cobalt and, in the range from 0.2 to 5.0% by weight, oxygen-containing compounds of tin, calculated as SnO, and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at an absolute pressure in the range from 95 to 145 bar.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a mono-N-alkylpiperazine of the formula I in which R1 is C1- to C5-alkyl or 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl, by reacting diethanolamine (DEOA) of the formula II with a primary amine of the formula H2N—R1 (III) in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst molding, where the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at an absolute pressure in the range from 150 to 250 bar and the amination is carried out by means of a catalyst molding, the precursor of which can be prepared according to a process in which (i) an oxidic material comprising copper oxide, aluminum oxide and lanthanum oxide is provided, (ii) pulverulent metallic copper and/or copper flakes and optionally graphite is added to the oxidic material, (iii) the mixture resulting from step ii is shaped to give a molding, where the oxidic material is obtainable by simultaneous or successive precipitation of the component copper oxide, of the component aluminum oxide and of the component lanthanum oxide and subsequent dr

Abstract: Treatment compositions for neutralizing acidic species and reducing hydrochloride and amine salts in a fluid hydrocarbon stream are disclosed. The treatment compositions may comprise at least one amine with a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0. Methods for neutralizing acidic species and reducing deposits of hydrochloride and amine salts in a hydrocarbon refining process are also disclosed. The methods may comprise providing a fluid hydrocarbon stream and adding a treatment composition to the fluid hydrocarbon stream. The treatment compositions used may have a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0 and comprise either water-soluble or oil-soluble amines.

Abstract: An absorption medium for removing acid gases from a fluid stream comprises an aqueous solution (A) of an alkali metal salt of an N,N-di-C1-C4-alkylaminocarboxylic acid and (B) N-hydroxyethylpiperazine. The absorption medium has a low vapor pressure and an increased resistance to oxygen. Preferred fluid streams are combustion exhaust gases or biogas.

Abstract: Absorption medium for acid gases comprising an oligoamine (A) of the general formula (I) and a piperazine derivative (B) of the general formula (II) in which the weight ratio of oligoamine (A) to the piperazine derivative (B) is 0.2 to 25, and also process for removing acid gases from a gas stream by contacting the gas stream at a pressure of 0.05 to 10 MPa abs with an aqueous solution of said absorption medium which is brought to and maintained at a temperature of 20 to 80° C.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cyclic tertiary amine of the formula I where A is a C4-alkylene group, a C5-alkylene group or a —(CH2)2—B—(CH2)2— group, where B is oxygen (O) or an N—R1 radical and R1 is C1-C5-alkyl, aryl or C5-C7-cycloalkyl, and the radical R2 is a linear or branched C2-C16-alkyl, C5-C7-cycloalkyl or C7-C20-aralkyl, in which (i) an amino alcohol II from the group consisting of 1,4-aminobutanol, 1,5-aminopentanol, aminodiglycol (ADG) and aminoethylethanolamine of the formula IIa where R1 is as defined above or hydrogen (H), in which case R1?R2 in the amine I, is reacted with a primary or secondary alcohol R2OH (III) at a temperature in the range from 150 to 270° C. in the liquid phase in the presence of a copper-comprising heterogeneous catalyst in a reactor.

Abstract: A method and ionic liquid for the electrorecovery of metal from a metal salt including at least one metal ion. The method includes the steps of dissolving the metal salt in an ionic liquid, the ionic liquid including an ionic liquid cation and an ionic liquid anion; whereby the metal ion of the metal salt forms a metal complex in solution with at least the ionic liquid cation; and subjecting the metal complex to an electrical potential between a cathode and anode to recover metal at the cathode. The ionic liquid includes an ionic liquid cation and an ionic liquid anion, wherein the ionic liquid cation has an affinity for the metal ion which is at least about equal to that of the ionic liquid anion for the metal ion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel piperazinium trifluoroacetate compound prepared by reacting piperazine with trifluoroacetic acid and a carbon dioxide absorbent prepared by dissolving the compound in an ionic liquid or organic solvent. According to the present invention, the carbon dioxide absorbent has excellent carbon dioxide absorption capacity and low solvent loss, and the energy consumption required for the carbon dioxide absorption and desorption is significantly reduced.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a low-odor polyester-type flexible polyurethane foam which is excellent in formability and free from scorch in the interior of the foam, and further discharges substantially no volatile amine compound from a product, in the production of a polyester-type flexible polyurethane foam, and to provide a catalyst composition to be used for the production method.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds having the following general formula (I): wherein X, R1, R2, R7 and Z are as described here.

Abstract: A compound of formula wherein Ac, R1 and R2 have various meanings, a process for a preparation thereof and its use as a pharmaceutical, i.e. as antibacterial agent.

Abstract: A process for the monomethylation of nitrogenous heterocycles having at least one nitrogen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom by reacting the nitrogenous heterocycle with dimethyl carbonate at a temperature of between 100° and 200° C. and a pressure of between 0.93×105 Pa and 1.07×105 Pa while methanol produced during the reaction is distilled off as it is formed.

Abstract: Anionic polymerization initiators useful in the preparation of polymers having a protected amine functional group. The amine functionality is part of a heterocyclic radical and includes a protecting group.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral ionic liquids of the general formula [A]n+[Y]n?, whereby n=1 or 2, the anion [Y]n? is the anion of an organic or inorganic proton acid and the cation [A]+ an optically active organic ammonium cation with up to 50 carbon atoms, at least one chirality center and at least one functional group that can produce a coordination by forming hydrogen bridges or by providing free electron pairs. At least one chirality center is provided with a distance of up to 5 atomic bonds from the functional group. The invention also relates to a method for producing said chiral ionic liquids and to the use thereof in methods for the asymmetric synthesis, the asymmetric catalysis and for separating racemates.

Abstract: The synthesis of individual di- and tri-substituted-1,4-diazacyclic compounds having 6- to 8-atoms in the cyclic ring, their corresponding 1,6-diketo-2,5-diazacyclic compounds and similar 1,4-diazacyclic ring compounds having one ring carbonyl gorup and 6-8 atoms in the ring is disclosed, as are libraries of such compounds. Methods of preparing and using the libraries of compounds as well as individual compounds of the libraries are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention refers to the use of novel molecules able to bind tenaciously to silica, borosilicate and silicate surfaces, and thus to modify their properties and characteristics. When applied to silica-based chromatography, it offers important advantages in all cases in which it is necessary to modulate the interaction of analytes with the stationary phase. In capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), such compounds will eliminate or invert the electroendoosmostic (EEO) flow, greatly simplifying the analysis of negatively-charged compounds and permitting the analysis of bio(macro)molecules via the direct use of naked capillaries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to vulcanization accelerators constituted by compounds, derived from secondary amines, belonging to the class of enamines and to a process for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain salts of discodermolide acid, pharmaceutical compositions containing said salts, the use of said salts in treating tumors and to a process for making said salts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I which is useful as antiviral agents, in particular, as agents against viruses of the herpes family.

Abstract: A novel method for the synthesis of piperazine and its derivatives of formula 1, wherein R is selected from hydrogen, or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenylalkyl group the alkyl of which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R1 is selected from hydrogen, a methyl group, a phenyl group optionally substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a phenylalkyl group the alkyl of which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R2 is selected from hydrogen, or a methyl group, or a fluoromethyl group; comprising the steps: a. reacting an ester of formula 11 with substituted or unsubstituted ethylenediamine of formula 7 to give 3,4-dehydropiperazine-2-one and its derivatives of formula 12, wherein R, R1, R2 are as defined above and R6 is a C1 to C4 linear or branched alkyl group; and b. reacting the 3,4-dehydro-piperazine-2-one and its derivatives of formula 12 with a reducing agent to yield the piperazine and its derivatives of formula 1.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of n-butylamines where n-butenylamines are firstly prepared by reacting 1,3-butadiene in the form of a 1,3-butadiene-containing mixture obtained during the cracking of petroleum fractions or during the dehydrogenation of LPG or LNG or from GTL technology with a primary amine and/or a secondary amine under hydroaminating conditions, and the resulting butenylamine(s) are then reacted in a second process stage under hydrogenating and transalkylating conditions.

Abstract: The synthesis of individual di- and tri-substituted-1,4-diazacyclic compounds having 6- to 8-atoms in the cyclic ring, their corresponding 1,6-diketo-2,5-diazacyclic compounds and similar 1,4-diazacyclic ring compounds having one ring carbonyl group and 6-8 atoms in the ring is disclosed, as are libraries of such compounds. Methods of preparing and using the libraries of compounds as well as individual compounds of the libraries are also disclosed.

Abstract: An amine catalyst for production of a polyurethane and a polyisocyanurate is provided which comprises a quaternary ammonium compound represented by General Formula (1): where R1 to R6 are independently a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R7 and R8 are independently a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of 2 to 12 carbon atoms; n is a number of 0 to 3, provided that at n=0 any one of R1, R2 and R3, and R5 and/or R6 may be linked together to form a heterocycle, or at n=1, 2, or 3, R5 or R6 and R4 may be linked together to form a heterocycle; A is a carbonate group or an organic acid group; and X is number of 1 to 2. The catalyst has high activity in formation of polyurethane foams and polyisocyanurate foams, having less odor, and producing foams of high fire retardance, having high curability, high retarding effect, and low corrosiveness.

Abstract: Mixtures of chemical compounds are provided having antibacterial and other utility. The mixtures are formed, preferably in solution phase, from the reaction of a purine or pyrimiding heterocyclic scaffold with a set of related chemical substituients, optionally through employment of a tether moiety. Libraries formed in accordance with the invention have utility per se and are articles of commerce. They can be used to screen for pesticides, drugs and other biologically active compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the selective preparation of cis-2,6-dimethylpiperazine by reacting (i) a diisopropanolamine mixture comprising compounds having the formulas HN(CH2CH(OH)CH3)2, HN(CH(CH3)CH2OH)2, and HN(CH(CH3)CH2OH)(CH2CH(OH)CH3) or (ii) 1,2-diaminopropane with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: An amine catalyst-for production of a polyurethane and a polyisocyanurate is provided which comprises a quaternary ammonium compound represented by General Formula (1): where R1 to R6 are independently a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R7 and R8 are independently a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group of 2 to 12 carbon atoms; n is a number of 0 to 3 provided that at n=o any one of R1, R2 and R3, and R5 and/or R6 may be linked together to form a heterocycle, or at n=1, 2, or 3, R5 or R6 and R4 may be linked together to form a heterocycle; A is a carbonate group or an organic acid group; and X is number of 1 to 2. The catalyst has high activity in formation of polyurethane foams and polyisocyanurate foams, having less odor, and producing foams of high fire retardance, having high curability, high retarding effect, and low corrosiveness.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I are disclosed as inhibitors having activity against the aspartyl proteases, plasmepsin and cathsepsin D. The compounds are useful for treatment of diseases such as malaria and Alzheimer's disease. In preferred compounds of Formula I, Y is a heterocycle, amide, sulfonamide or carbamate and Z is an acyl or a functionalized acyl. Intermediates in the solid phase synthesis of compounds of Formula I, in which compounds are attached to a solid phase support, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which: A is a divalent radical selected from:A.sub.1) --O--CO--A.sub.2) --CH.sub.2 --O--CO--A.sub.3) --O--CH.sub.2 --CO--A.sub.4) --O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --A.sub.5) --N(R.sub.1)--CO--A.sub.6) --N(R.sub.1)--CO--CO--A.sub.7) --N(R.sub.1)--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --A.sub.8) --O--CH.sub.2 --in which:R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl; andAm is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle.

Abstract: In a process for preparing alkylamines by reacting amines and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of free hydrogen on a fixed bed catalyst in a reactor in which amines and aldehydes are mixed in the catalyst bed after being fed in in separate streams, only the aldehyde stream or only the amine stream is preheated during the feeding in.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formulas ##STR1## which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of 6-demethyl-6-deotetracycline antibiotic agents.

Abstract: Certain indanyl piperazines are useful as melatonergic agents and can treat various CNS disorders. They are use useful in treating sleep disorders and other conditions related to circadian rhythms.

Abstract: In a process for the recovery of N-ethylpiperazine by distillation from mixtures with N,N'-diethylpiperazine, piperazine, ethanol, water and accompanying substances, water is added in a manner such that, at the location of the addition of the water, the piperazine concentration is greater than the N-ethylpiperazine concentration. The water may be added to the reflux to the top of the column.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein, R, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X and W are defined in the specification in which a compound of the following formula: ##STR2## is reacted with a nucleophile of the formula WH in an inert atmosphere in the presence of a polar-protic or a polar-aprotic solvent. The resulting compounds are useful as antibiotics.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formulas ##STR1## which are useful as intermediates for the preparation of 6-demethyl-6-deotetracycline antibiotic agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of peralkylated amines of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.200 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxyalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkylaryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 mercaptoalkyl, C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 phenoxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 aminoalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 (NHR.sup.4)alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 (NR.sup.4 R.sup.5)alkyl or together form a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene chain optionally mono- to tri-substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and optionally interrupted by oxygen or nitrogenX denotes a C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkylene or C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenylene or C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 cycloalkylene chain optionally mono- to penta-substituted by R.sup.3, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 dialkylamino, phenoxy, diphenylamino and/or C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X and W are defined in the specification. These compounds are useful as antibiotic agents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a one-step method for preparing N-alkylpiperazines which eliminates the initial preparation and isolation of piperazine which comprises reacting a carbonyl compound and an amine in the presence of hydrogen over a metallic hydrogenation-dehydrogenation catalyst from Group VIII of the Periodic Table such as, for example, nickel, copper, cobalt, chromium, palladium, platinum or ruthenium, alone or in combination with other Group VIII metals or transition metals selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, zinc, copper and chromium.

Abstract: Methods are provided whereby an N-C-N compound is regenerated from a product of a sulfur scavenging reaction, in which said N-C-N compound removes a sulfur atom from a sulfur compound, to form the original N-C-N compound. The N-C-N compound is represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## The product includes a hetero compound having sulfur, carbon and nitrogen atoms in its backbone. In one embodiment, the product is mixed with (1) a nitrogen compound represented by the formula (II): ##STR2## and (2) an alkaline compound selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and transition metal compounds, to form a solution, slurry or dispersion. The hetero compound is reacted with the nitrogen compound in the presence of the alkaline compound, such that a sulfur atom of the hetero compound is replaced by a nitrogen atom of the nitrogen compound. If necessary, the pH of the solution may be adjusted to about 8 to about 13 to facilitate the reaction. In alternative embodiments, the product also includes an amine complex.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and W are defined in the specification. These compounds are useful as antibiotic agents.

Abstract: The methylated tertiary amines are selectively prepared by reacting a primary or secondary amine, or a nitrile or aminonitrile, including an aminoalcohol, etheramine, a polyamine or fatty polyamine or amidoamine, or amidopolyamine or dinitrile, with hexamethylenetetramine ("HMTA"), under hydrogen pressure at a temperature no greater than about 160.degree. C. and in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a hydrogenation catalyst, e.g., nickel deposited onto appropriate support substrate therefor.