Abstract: Provided is a multi-arm polyethylene glycol-azido derivative of general formula I, wherein R is a central molecule, which is selected from a polyhydroxy structure, a polyamino structure or a polycarboxyl structure; n is the number of branches or arms, n?3; PEG is the same or different —(CH2CH2O)m—, the average value of m being an integer from 3 to 250; X is a linking group of a azido end group; k is the number of the branches having the azido end group; F is selected from the group consisting of amino, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, ester group, maleic imide group and acrylic group; and Y is a linking group of an end group F.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing an organic compound from an aqueous solution, comprising the steps of providing the aqueous solution which contains the organic compound, and a hydrophobic organic solution, where the latter comprises a liquid hydrophobic cation exchanger, contacting the aqueous solution and the hydrophobic organic solution, and separating off the hydrophobic organic solution from the aqueous solution, wherein the liquid hydrophobic cation exchanger is a saturated alkanoic acid having at least one alkyl substituent, where the organic compound is an organic compound having at least one positive charge and a neutral or positive total charge.

Abstract: An oligo- or polyimide comprising one or two residue(s) of an anhydride based acetylenic end-capper, at least one EBPA residue, at least one residue of anaromatic di-amine, and optionally at least one residue of an aromatic non-acetylenic di-anhydride is disclosed. A method for obtaining such an oligo- or polyimide is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel and more efficient synthesis's for obtaining an intermediate in the synthesis of obtaining a protecting group aminoxy PEG linker.

Abstract: A polybenzoxazole precursor is represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1a to R4a, R1b to R4b, X1, Y1 and m are defined in the specification.

Abstract: Novel cross-linking compounds that can be used in mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, and multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry to facilitate structural analysis of proteins and protein complexes are provided and have the formula: where X is an N-hydroxy-succinimidyl or similar heterocyclic group. Also provided is a method of mapping protein-protein interactions of protein complexes using various mass spectrometry techniques.

Abstract: Polymers for photoresists and monomers for incorporation into those polymers are disclosed. The polymers comprise a photoacid generator (PAG) component and at least a second component that is photolytically stable and acid-stable. The polymers may also contain a third, acid-labile component. The photoacid generator is based on N-sulfoxyimides and related moieties that contain photolabile oxygen-heteroatom and oxygen-aromatic carbon bonds.

Abstract: Compounds and methods for controlling the surface properties are described. Compounds of the invention can form radicals upon exposure to irradiation, which can then react with nearby molecules to alter the surface properties of various substrates. The invention can provide surfaces that are resistant to dewetting, surfaces that have immobilized molecules such as carbohydrates and polymers immobilized, and surfaces that have metals deposited on the surface. The invention can be utilized in a wide range of application, such as sensors, microreactors, microarrays, electroless deposition of metals, and the like.

Abstract: A polybenzoxazole precursor is represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1a to R4a, R1b to R4b, X1, Y1 and m are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A branched hetero polyethylene glycol according to the present invention is represented by the formula [1]: wherein X and Y represent each an atomic group containing at least a functional group which reacts with a functional group present in a bio-functional molecule to form a covalent bond and the functional group contained in the atomic group X and the functional group contained in the atomic group Y are different from each other; s is an integer of 2 to 8, which represents the number of polyethylene glycol chains; n is the number of average added moles for the polyethylene glycol chain and 20?n?2000; and E is a branching linker moiety having s-valent bonding valency for the polyethylene glycol chains and having monovalent bonding valency for the functional group Y.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel and more efficient synthesis's for obtaining an intermediate in the synthesis of obtaining a protecting group aminoxy PEG linker.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a polymeric polyamine which can be produced by polymerizing polyoxyalkylene-amine and a linker. The linker can be anhydride, carboxylic acid, epoxy, isocyanate or poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) copolymers (SMA). The present invention also discloses a method for stabilizing the Ag nanoparticles with polymeric polyamine. The polymeric polyamine serving as a stabilizer or dispersant is mixed with a water solution of silver salt and then a reducer is provided to reduce the silver ions and form an organic or a water solution of Ag nanoparticles. Water or solvent of this solution can be further removed through a heating, freezing or decompression process, and thus solid content of the solution can be increased. The concentrated solution also can be diluted to obtain a stable dispersion without aggregation.

Abstract: Polymers for photoresists and monomers for incorporation into those polymers are disclosed. The polymers comprise a photoacid generator (PAG) component and at least a second component that is photolytically stable and acid-stable. The polymers may also contain a third, acid-labile component. The photoacid generator is based on N-sulfoxyimides and related moieties that contain photolabile oxygen-heteroatom and oxygen-aromatic carbon bonds.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel 7,9-substituted tetracycline compounds. These tetracycline compounds can be used to treat numerous tetracycline compound-responsive states, such as bacterial infections and neoplasms, as well as other known applications for minocycline and tetracycline compounds in general, such as blocking tetracycline efflux and modulation of gene expression.

Abstract: The invention provides epoxy and oxetane compositions including the novel acyloxy and N-acyl curing agents described herein. Use of invention curing agents result in cured adhesive compositions with remarkably increased adhesion and reduced hydrophilicity when compared to resins cured with other types of curing agents. Furthermore, the curatives of this invention do not interfere with free-radical cure and are thus suited for use in hybrid cure thermoset compositions.

Abstract: Compounds and methods for controlling the surface properties are described. Compounds of the invention can form radicals upon exposure to irradiation, which can then react with nearby molecules to alter the surface properties of various substrates. The invention can provide surfaces that are resistant to dewetting, surfaces that have immobilized molecules such as carbohydrates and polymers immobilized, and surfaces that have metals deposited on the surface. The invention can be utilized in a wide range of application, such as sensors, microreactors, microarrays, electroless deposition of metals, and the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula I: wherein one of R6, R7 and R8 is and R1 to R15 and n are as defined in the description, and all enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters thereof. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, to a process for their preparation and to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases which are modulated by PPAR ? and/or PPAR? agonists.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (1) containing sterically hindered groups, polymers thereof and the use of these polymers in papermaking processes and dewatering processes.

Abstract: A cyanine dye having the structure has an overall positive charge greater than +1, by virtue of the presence of one to five positively charged N or P or S atoms, and also has a reactive or functional group by which it may be linked to a biomolecule or a solid surface.

Abstract: The use of certain heterocyclic derivatives for treating parasitic protozoa infections in mammals, in particular bovine trichomoniasis and giardiasis, is disclosed.

Abstract: 1,2-Bis-adducts of stable hindered nitroxide compounds with substituted ethylenes are prepared by reacting two equivalents of nitroxyl compound with an ethylenically unsaturated compound such as styrene or an acrylate ester. These adducts are very effective inhibitors to prevent the premature polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers when such monomers are distilled, processed or stored.

Abstract: Bisimides of the formula I where R1, R2, R3 and R4 have the meanings stated in the description, are prepared in a process in which the corresponding dicarboxylic anhydrides of the formulae II and III R1—CO—O—CO—R2  (II) R3—CO—O—CO—R4  (III), are reacted with an amine of the formula H2N—R—NH2 in the presence of a tertiary amine.

Abstract: Compounds effective in treating disorders of the serotonin-affected neurological systems are provided, such compounds having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl;X and Y together complete a lactam, imidazole, imidazolone, or thioimidazolone ring;Z is hydrogen, halogen, or lower alkoxy;W is hydrogen, halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, cyano, or a trifluoromethyl group;and n=2 to 5; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: A method for the solventless synthesis of a phthalimide or phthalimide mixture is provided comprising contacting at least one amine reactant and at least one anhydride reactant in a solventless environment at a first temperature sufficient to allow the reactants to at least partially condense; and increasing the temperature to a second temperature sufficient to melt the reaction mixture, thereby allowing the reaction to go essentially to completion and form the reaction product.

Abstract: A bis(disubstitutedmaleimide) derivative and a polyetherimide for optical communications and the polyetherimide formed therefrom are described. The polyetherimde has a high refractive index, so that when using such polyetherimide as a material for a core of an optical fiber, the range of the materials that can be selected for the cladding becomes wide. Also, a coating property and adhesion to a substrate are improved, thereby providing a good film forming property and thermal stability. Also, because the polyetherimide can minimize optical loss at a near infrared wavelength range, the polyetherimide is very useful as an optical material in the optical communications field adopting the light of near infrared wavelength.

Abstract: A method for the solventless synthesis of a phthalimide or phthalimide mixture is provided comprising contacting at least one amine reactant and at least one anhydride reactant in a solventless environment at a first temperature sufficient to allow the reactants to at least partially condense; and increasing the temperature to a second temperature sufficient to melt the reaction mixture, thereby allowing the reaction to go essentially to completion and form the reaction product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a series of easily processable poly(ether-imide)s that are organic-soluble and can afford colorless films, their organic solutions and their manufacturing process. The poly(ether-imide) is prepared from a dianhydride and a diamine, wherein the dianhydride is a bis(ether anhydride) having tert-butyl group, i.e. 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)-2-tert-butylbenzene dianhydride. The present invention is also directed to synthesis of this special dianhydride.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an ultra-white N,N'-ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) product useful as a flame retardant. Also disclosed is a flame retardant composition predominantly comprised of N,N'-ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) and having unprecedented color and high purity.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of brominated phthalimides that involves mixing tetrabromophthalic anhydride, an organic acid, and an organic dispersing agent in water at approximately 110.degree. C. under 1 bar pressure is disclosed. An amine is added and the reaction mixture is stirred for six hours under approximately 5 bar pressure and heated at least to 120.degree. C. The reactant mass is washed in water and then methanol. The process decreases production time, increases whiteness and purity, and decreases yellowness and particle size of the resulting product.

Abstract: Active esters of PEG acids and related polymers are provided that have a single propionic or butanoic acid moiety and no other ester linkages. These polymer acids have a half life in water of from about 10 to 25 minutes. For example, alpha-methoxy, omega-propionic acid succinimidyl ester of PEG ("methoxy-PEG-SPA") has a nearly ideal reactivity with amino groups on proteins and other biologically active substances. The half life of methoxy-PEG-SPA is about 16.5 minutes in water. The invention also provides conjugates with proteins, enzymes, polypeptides, drugs, dyes, nucleosides, oligonucleotides, lipids, phospholipids, liposomes, and surfaces of solid materials that are compatible with living organisms, tissue, or fluid.

Abstract: Thermomechanical and thermo-oxidative stabilities in resin composites across the range of aerospace "engineering thermoplastic" resins are improved by forming four crosslinks at each addition polymerization site in the backbone of the resin using crosslinking functionalities of the general formula: ##STR1## .beta.=the residue an organic radical selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## R.sub.8 =a divalent organic radical; X=halogen;Me=methylT=allyl or methallyl.G=--CH.sub.2 --, --S--, --CO--, --SO--, --O--, --CHR.sub.3 --, or --C(R.sub.3).sub.2 --;i=1 or 2;R.sub.3 =hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, or aryloxy; and.THETA.=--C.tbd.N, --O--C.tbd.N, --S--C.tbd.N, or --CR.sub.3 .dbd.C(R.sub.3).sub.2.

Abstract: A moldable polyimide resin composition which has melt-flowability and excellent processability in addition to essential heat-resistant of polyimide and comprises an aromatic bisimide compound and polyimide resin. A further aspect relates to a carbon fiber reinforced polyimide resin composition which has excellent mechanical strengths and comprises a carbon fiber coated with aromatic bisimide compound on the surface and the polyimide resin. A still further aspect relates to a novel bisimide compound which is very useful as the aromatic bisimide compound in the composition.

Abstract: Macrocyclic polyetherimide oligomer compositions are prepared by the reaction of an alkali metal salt of a dihydroxyaromatic compound, preferably of bisphenol A, with a substituted bis-phthalimide, typically a chloro-, fluoro- or nitro-substituted o- or m-phenylene bis-phthalimide. The reaction takes place in a substantially non-polar solvent such as o-dichlorobenzene and at temperatures in the range of about 180.degree.-225.degree. C. in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst which is stable at such temperatures, such as a guanidinium salt. The concentration of phase transfer catalyst is such as to maintain the alkali metal salt at high dilution in the solvent, and the substituted bis-phthalimide is preferably also maintained at high dilution by portionwise addition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an ultra-white N,N'-ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) product useful as a flame retardant. Also disclosed is a flame retardant composition predominantly comprised of N,N'-ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) and having unprecedented color and high purity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bifunctional polyether having groups different from each other at both ends, with a polymerization degree of 5 to 10000 and consisting of repeating units each represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein R.sub.1, represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or a lower alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom, and R.sub.1 in each repeating unit may be the same or different), as well as to a process for the preparation thereof and a polymerization initiator therefor. The process of production and polymerization initiator of the present invention enable 100% introduction of a primary amino group into one of the ends of polyether.

Abstract: Monomeric bisimides corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is independently in each occurrence hydrogen, alkyl of from 1 to 20 carbons, aralkyl of from 1 to 20 carbons, halogen, or NO.sub.2 ; X' is F, Cl, OH, or NO.sub.2. These bisimides are useful in the production of various thermoplastic, polymeric materials such as polyetherimides, polyesterimides, and poly(carbonate imides).

Abstract: 2-Thioindoles (2-selenoindoles) and analogous 2-indolinethione (2-indolineselenone) and polysulfide (selenide) compounds, salts thereof, methods of production, intermediates in their production, pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds, and methods for inhibiting protein kinase dependent disease in a mammal or treating aberrant cell growth in a mammal, using said compositions, are disclosed.

Abstract: Multidimensional oligomers of the present invention are surprisingly useful for advanced composites because each generally has a use temperature greatly in excess of its curing temperature. The oligomers have essentially no arms, and comprise crosslinking phenylimide end caps condensed directly onto an aromatic hub (preferably, phenyl) through "commodity" polymeric linkages, such as amide, diimide, ether, or ester. For example, p-nadicimidobenzoylchloride can be condensed with triaminobenzene to yield a multidimensional, crosslinking amide oligomer. Short chains of ether/carbonyl aromatic chains can be included, if desired. Methods for making these high-performance oligomers with ether/carbonyl aromatic chains use an Ullmann ether synthesis followed by a Friedel-Crafts reaction.

Abstract: The solvent-resistance and thermal stability of polyamideimides of the general formulae: ##STR1## is improved by capping the amideimides with a crosslinking functionality (Y) containing a residue selected from the group of: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 =lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl (either including hydroxyl or halo-substituents), halogen, or mixtures thereof;j=0, 1, or 2;G=--CH.sub.2 --, --0--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --SO--, --CO--, --CHR--, or --CR.sub.2 --;R=hydrogen, lower alkyl, or phenyl;T=methallyl or allyl;Me=methyl;R.sub.2 =a trivalent organic radical; andR.sub.3 =a divalent organic radical.The amideimde oligomers may be linear or multidimensional, and can be processed into blends, prepregs, or composites. Methods of making these amideimides and intermediates useful in the syntheses are also described.

Abstract: Water-soluble cyclic imide thione activated polyalkylene oxides having improved hydrolytic stability are disclosed. Methods of forming and conjugating the activated polyalkylene oxides with biologically active nucleophiles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an ultra-white N,N'-ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) product useful as a flame retardant. Also disclosed is a flame retardant composition predominantly comprised of N,N'-ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) and having a yellowness index of about 4 or less.

Abstract: An N-substituted polyamideimide essentially composed of identical or different repeating units of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is one of the following tetravalent aromatic radicals ##STR2## and X is a bond or one of the following linkers ##STR3## where R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each, independently of one another, one of the following divalent aromatic radicals ##STR4## and where X has the abovementioned meanings and where R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a monovalent radical such as C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or phenyl, and the C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl-, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy-, aryl- or halogen-substituted derivatives thereof, and precursors (monomers) therefor, are described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing a white bisimide product which principally contains N,N'-alkylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) or N,N'-bis(tetrabromophthalimide). The process features: providing, in a reaction vessel, a solution containing tetrabromophthalic anhydride and a solvent which contains at least about 15 weight percent of a mono-, di- or tri- carboxylic acid having a dissociation constant not higher than 1.0.times.10.sup.-3 at 25.degree. C.; forming a reaction mass by adding to the solution a diamine or a diamine salt formed by the partial or total diamine neutralization of a mono-, di- or tri- carboxylic acid having a dissociation constant not higher than 1.0.times.10.sup.-3 at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention is a poly(arylcyclobutene) comprising arylcyclobutene moieties connected by a bridging member, wherein the bridging member is (a) a direct bond, (b) a polyvalent inorganic radical or (c) a polyvalent organic radical which contains (1) one or more heteroatoms comprising oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or phosphorus or (2) one or more aromatic radicals, and wherein one or more cyclobutene rings are fused to one of the aryl rings.

Abstract: Disclosed is a poly(amide-ether-imide) and the preparation of the same. An ether chain-containing aromatic diamine is subject to thermal condensation with trimellitic anhydride (TMA) in a polar solvent to obtain diimide dicarboxylic acid, followed by polycondensing the diimide dicarboxlic acid with diamine to form the poly(amide-ether-imide). The poly(amide-ether-imide) of the present invention has superior strength, heat resistance, and processability. The preparation of the present invention is simple and economic.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diacetylene compound comprising, as structural units, (a) at least one member selected from diacetylene group-containing organic groups of the formulae (I) and (II):R.sup.I --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.II -- (I)and--R.sup.III --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.IV -- (II)wherein R.sup.I is hydrogen or a (C1-16) monovalent organic group, and R.sup.II, R.sup.III and R.sup.IV are a (C1-13) divalent organic group,(b) at least one organic group having at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and (c) at least one connecting group connecting the units (a) and (b) , which connecting group is selected from amide, imide, ester, ether, amino, imino, urethane, sulfonyl and carbonyl bonds. A cured shaped article made of this compound exhibits isotropically a high elastic modulus and has excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel fluorinated bis-imides of the formula ##STR1## where X is H or F. The compounds are useful as additives to enhance the properties of high performance polymers such as polyimides.

Abstract: An N-substituted polyamide-imide essentially composed of identical or different repeating units of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is one of the following tetravalent aromatic radicals ##STR2## and X is a bond or one of the following linkers ##STR3## where R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each, independently of one another, one of the following divalent aromatic radicals ##STR4## and where X has the abovementioned meanings and where R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a monovalent radical such as C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or phenyl, and the C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl-, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy-, aryl- or halogen-substituted derivatives thereof, and precursors (monomers) therefor, are described.

Abstract: Multidimensional oligomers of the present invention are surprisingly useful for advanced composites because each generally has a use temperature greatly in excess of its curing temperature. The oligomers have essentially no arms, and comprise crosslinking phenylimide end caps condensed directly onto an aromatic hub (preferably, phenyl) through "commodity" polymeric linkages, such as amide, diimide, ether, or ester. For example, p-nadicimidobenzoylchloride can be condensed with triaminobenzene to yield a multidimensional, crosslinking amide oligomer. Short chains of ether/carbonyl aromatic chains can be included, if desired. Methods for making these high-performance oligomers with ether/carbonyl aromatic chains use an Ullmann ether synthesis followed by a Friedel Craft reaction.

Abstract: Polyethers based on 9,9-bis-perfluoroalkyl-3,6-dihydroxy-xanthene or 9-aryl-9-perfluoroalkyl-3,6-dihydroxy-xanthene and another constituent selected from aryl, sulfone, aryl ketone, benzonitrile, and imide. These polyethers are useful as dielectric films in electronic devices.