Abstract: Compounds of a certain formula I, in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 have the meanings indicated in the description, as well as salts thereof are novel effective HDAC inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention is related to anti-viral compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, as well as to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula: (I) wherein ring B, R1, R2, R3, Z, and L1 are selected independently of each other and are as defined herein, to compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds as glucagon receptor antagonists and for the treatment or prevention of type 2 diabetes and conditions related thereto.

Abstract: Compounds comprising a peptide moiety, a linker moiety and a water-soluble polymer moiety such as a poly(ethylene glycol) moiety are disclosed. Various linker moieties for use in these compounds are also disclosed, along methods for their synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to heterocyclic compounds of formula I which have microbiocidal activity, in particular fungicidal activity as well as methods of using the compounds of formula (I) to control microbes: wherein A is x-C(R10R11)—C(?O)—, x-C(R12R13)—C(?S)—, x-O—C(?O)—, x-O—C(?S)—, x-N(R14)—C(?O)—, x-N(R15)—C(?S)—, x-C(R16R17)—SO2— or X—N?C(R30)—, in each case x indicates the bond that is connected to R1; T is CR18 or N; Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are independently CR19 or N; Q is O or S; n is 1 or 2; p is 1 or 2, providing that when n is 2, p is 1.

Abstract: Compounds of a certain formula I, in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 have the meanings indicated in the description, as well as salts thereof are novel effective HDAC inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention relates to ruthenium alkylidene complexes having an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand comprising a 5-membered heterocyclic ring having a carbenic carbon atom and at least one nitrogen atom contained within the 5-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the nitrogen atom is directly attached to the carbenic carbon atom and is substituted by a phenyl ring, and wherein the phenyl ring has a hydrogen at either or both ortho positions and is substituted at at least one ortho or meta position. The invention also relates to an olefin metathesis reactions and particularly to the preparation of tetra-substituted cyclic olefins via a ring-closing metathesis.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides isotopically substituted compounds of the formula (I): wherein T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, R0, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined in the detailed description. The method for detection and quantification using the same is also disclosed.

Abstract: Cobalt(II) complexes of the D2-symmetric chiral porphyrins are effective catalysts for asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions with succinimidyl diazoacetate. The Co-catalyzed reaction is suitable for various olefins, providing the corresponding cyclopropane succinimidyl esters in high yields and excellent diastereo- and enantio-selectivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protein cross-linking agent of the formula, where R1 is an aryl group optionally substituted once or several times by a grouping selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkyl, OBoc, SO3Na, Deu, and C1-C4 alkoxy groupings, R2 is N, (III), or (IV), n and in are identical or different integers between 0 and 10, p is an integer between 0 and 5, k is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and X and X? are identical or different and are a reactive function of the proteins. The invention also relates to a method for the structural analysis of a protein or a protein complex.

Abstract: An oligonucleotide which comprises at least one internucleotide linkage comprising a P—S—R bond and at least two nucleosides, wherein R corresponds to the formula (I) wherein A is a geminally substituted alkylene group, preferably CH2, X and Y are independently selected from S and O, and R0 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted carbon bonded organic residue, such as in particular optionally substituted alkyl or aryl, SRx, ORx and NRxRy wherein Rx and/or Ry are selected from H and organic residues and at least Rx is a substituent other than H. Another object of the invention is a sulfurizing agent useful for oligonucleotide manufacture and the manufacture thereof.

Abstract: PEG and related polymer derivatives having weak, hydrolytically unstable linkages near the reactive end of the polymer are provided for conjugation to drugs, including proteins, enzymes, small molecules, and others. These derivatives provide a sufficient circulation period for a drug-PEG conjugate, followed by hydrolytic breakdown of the conjugate and release of the bound molecule. In some cases, drugs that demonstrate reduced activity when permanently coupled to PEG maintain a therapeutically suitable activity when coupled to a degradable PEG in accordance with the invention. The PEG derivatives of the invention can be used to impart improved water solubility, increased size, a slower rate of kidney clearance, and reduced immunogenicity to a conjugate formed by attachment thereto. Controlled hydrolytic release of the bound molecule into an aqueous environment can then enhance the drug's delivery profile by providing a delivery system which employs such polymers and utilizes the teachings provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and methods for rapid labeling of N-glycans, for example, rapid fluorescent labeling of N-glycans. In one aspect, the present invention provides fluorescent carbamate or thiocarbamate compounds. Upon contacting with N-glycans, the compounds undergo facile reactions with N-glycans to form fluorescent-labeled N-glycans.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel class of reactive fluorescent agents that are based on a pyrene sulfonic acid nucleus. The agents are readily incorporated into conjugates with other species by reacting the reactive group with a group of complementary reactivity on the other species of the conjugate. Also provided are methods of using the compounds of the invention to detect and/or quantify an analyte in a sample. In an exemplary embodiment, the invention provides multi-color assays incorporating the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biodegradable biocompatible polyketals, methods for their preparation, and methods for treating animals by administration of biodegradable biocompatible polyketals. In one aspect, a method for forming the biodegradable biocompatible polyketals comprises combining a glycol-specific oxidizing agent with a polysaccharide to form an aldehyde intermediate, which is combined with a reducing agent to form the biodegradable biocompatible polyketal. The resultant biodegradable biocompatible polyketals can be chemically modified to incorporate additional hydrophilic moieties. A method for treating animals includes the administration of the biodegradable biocompatible polyketal in which biologically active compounds or diagnostic labels can be disposed. The present invention also relates to chiral polyketals, methods for their preparation, and methods for use in chromatographic applications, specifically in chiral separations.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing [18F]SFB is disclosed, which comprises using a microreactor including a substrate having one channel formed therein so as to have a cross-sectional width of 1 mm or less and a cross-sectional depth of 1 mm or less, the channel being connected to a raw material injection port and a first reagent injection port at one end thereof, and connected to a second reagent injection port at a position far from the one end thereof, and connected to a third reagent injection port at a position far from the second reagent injection port in a direction toward another end thereof, and connected to a liquid discharge port at the other end thereof; and continuously performing a three-step reaction by allowing a reaction solution to flow through the channel serving as a reaction channel from the one end to the other end thereof without taking out the reaction solution from anywhere between the one end and the other end of the channel.

Abstract: Provided is a compound of the following formula: wherein: R3 is an aryl or heteroaryl group, which is optionally substituted with a halogen, lower alkoxy, aryl or heteroaryl group; R4 is halogen; R5 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, or lower alkyl; R6 and R7 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, and lower alkyl; and R8 is hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylenedioxy, carboxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonylamino, cyano, acyl, oxo, nitro, amino, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, amidino, phenyl, benzyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryloxy, arallkoxy, heteroaryloxy, or heteroaralkoxy, wherein the amino(s) in the alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, aminocarbonyl, aminocarbonylamino, amino, or aminosulfonyl is optionally substituted with alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: An initiator for the terminal group of the polymer product of an atom or group radical transfer polymerisation has an activated carboxyl or an amine group which is reacted with an amine or carboxyl (respectively) group containing biologically active compound. The initiator is preferably 4-(3-(2-bromo, 2-methyl-propionate)phenyl)-propionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester or 2-bromo, 2-methyl-propionic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. The monomers preferably comprise a zwitterionic monomer such as 2-methacryloxyethyl-2?-trimethyl ammoniumethyl phosphate inner salt.

Abstract: There are described compounds having the general formula (I) below and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein E, X, m, q, R1, R2, n and ZBG have the meanings reported in the description useful, in therapy, as inhibitors of zinc metalloproteinases.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel compounds. These compounds can be useful in inhibiting the activity of GGTase I. The compounds can also be used as anti-cancer therapeutics including as part of methods for treating cancer, in assays, and in kits.

Abstract: Deuterium isobaric tag reagents are provided for the quantitation of biomolecules, where the reagents contain heavy isotope atoms, including one or more 2H in each reagent. Generally, the reagents are described by the formula: reporter group—balancer group—reactive group, wherein the reporter group and the balancer group are linked by an MS/MS scissionable bond. Each of the reporter group and balancer groups independently contain 0 to 9 heavy isotope atoms selected from 13C, 15N and 2H and the total number of 2H atoms in each reagent is 1 to 6. The mass of the reporter group is from 114-123 Daltons. Exemplary deuterium isobaric tag reagents include Di-ART, DiART-t-I, DiART-t-Br and DiART-t-M. Also provided are compositions containing more than one deuterium isobaric tag reagent and methods for making and using deuterium isobaric tag reagents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of aryl hydrazines and their salts by treating aryl diazonium salts with triphenyl phosphine followed by hydrolysis of the resulting triphenyl-aryl hydrazyl phosphonium salt to get aryl hydrazine or its salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing an activated ester of the formula (I), where R is a (C1-C6) alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl group, and ALK is a (C1-C6) alkylene group, said method consisting of reacting the dicyclohexylamine P1 salt and the disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC) in a solvent in which the dicyclohexylamine salt of the N-hydroxysuccinimide P2 is precipitated. The invention also relates to products of the formula P1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds of general formula (I) which are thyroid receptor ligands and are preferably selective for the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TR-Beta). Further, the present invention relates to processes of preparing such compounds, their tautomeric forms, novel intermediates involved in their synthesis, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, methods for using such compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds that are inhibitors of cysteine proteases, in particular, cathepsins B, K, L, F, and S and are therefore useful in treating diseases mediated by these proteases. The present invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and processes for preparing them.

Abstract: A non-aqueous single pot synthesis of [18F]SFB is set forth. The [18F]SFB produced with this method is then used, for example, to label a peptide or an engineered antibody fragment (diabody) targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as representative examples of labeled compounds for use as an injectable composition to locate abnormal tissue, specifically tumors within an animal or human using a PET scan.

Abstract: The present invention makes available, inter alia, methods and reagents for modulating smoothened-dependent pathway activation. In certain embodiments, the subject methods can be used to counteract the phenotypic effects of unwanted activation of a hedgehog pathway, such as resulting from hedgehog gain-of-function, ptc loss-of-function or smoothened gain-of-function mutations.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are suitable for use as herbicides.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery, comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution, the nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing as a flame retardant a compound of the general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2, which are the same or different, each represents a group that is selected from a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkylcarbonyl, lower cycloalkyl or aryl group, and that may have a substituent, or R1 and R2 taken together are a methylene group that may have a substituent, or R1 and R2 taken together form a ring structure containing a nitrogen atom to which R1 and R2 are attached, the ring structure being a five-membered or six-membered hydrocarbon ring that may have one or two oxo groups, or a five-membered or six-membered heterocycle that may further contain a nitrogen atom; n is 0 or 1; when n is 0, R3 is a group that is selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, low

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 3-phenyl-3-methoxy-pyrrolidine derivatives, useful for modulating dopamine neurotransmission and extracellular levels of catecholamines, dopamine and norepinephrine, in cerebral cortical areas of the mammalian brain, and more specifically for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. In other aspects the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the 3-phenyl-3-methoxy-pyrrolidine derivatives of the invention and to the use of these compounds for therapeutic applications.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1-3, R5-7, a, X, Y, Y?, Y?, and Z are as defined in the specification. These compounds are muscarinic receptor antagonists. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, processes for preparing such compounds and methods of using such compounds to, for example, treat pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula provide pharmacological agents which are potent agonists of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). Accordingly, the compounds of the instant invention are useful for the treatment of conditions mediated by the PPAR receptor activity in mammals. Such conditions include dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, atherosclerosis, hypertriglyceridemia, heart failure, myocardial infarction, vascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, obesity, inflammation, arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, skin disorders, respiratory diseases, ophthalmic disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The compounds of the present invention are particularly useful in mammals as hypoglycemic agents for the treatment and prevention of conditions in which impaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are implicated, such as type-1 and type-2 diabetes, and Syndrome X.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of analyzing at least one specific molecule in a sample using a compound of formula (I?) wherein Z binds specifically to said at least one specific molecule, Y is independently a cleavable single bond, linker atom or group, and R is independently a substituent such as H, C1-20 hydrocarbonyl {e.g. C1-20 alkyl, C1-20 aryl) or substituted C1-20 hydrocarbonyl. Preferably, the method of the invention is carried out with mass spectroscopy in a spectrometer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benzsulfonamide derivatives of formula I and methods of use thereof. The benzsulfonamide derivatives of the present invention are efficient modulators of the JNK pathway. In particular the benzsulfonamide derivatives of the present invention are selective inhibitors of JNK 2 and 3.

Abstract: Methods for synthesis of 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl carbamates, particularly, the synthesis of 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl carbamate prodrugs of primary or secondary amine-containing drugs are described. Also described are methods for synthesis of 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbonates which are useful intermediates in the synthesis of 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl carbamates are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoresist composition having a sulfonium salt comprising an anion represented by the formula (IA): wherein R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C12 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a C3-C20 saturated cyclic hydrocarbon group, a C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbon group or a C7-C21 aralkyl group, and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the saturated cyclic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the aralkyl group can have one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group and a nitro group, and one or more —CH2— in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group can be replaced by —O— or —CO—, or R1 and R2 are bonded each other to form a C4-C20 nitrogen-containing ring together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, an acrylic resin having an acid-labile group and being insoluble or poorly soluble in an aqueous alkali solution but becoming soluble in an aqueous alkali solutio

Abstract: Novel preparative methods for fluoroalkyl arylsulfinyl compounds are disclosed. Fluorinated compounds as useful fluorinated compounds, intermediates, or builing blocks are disclosed. Useful applications of the fluoroalkyl arylsulfinyl compounds are shown.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of synthesizing N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-carbonate intermediates from the corresponding sulfones useful in the preparation of 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl carbamate prodrugs.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for performing dynamic nuclear polarization using biradicals with a structure of formula (I) as described herein. In general, the methods involve (a) providing a frozen sample in a magnetic field, wherein the frozen sample includes a biradical of formula (I) and an analyte with at least one spin half nucleus; (b) polarizing the at least one spin half nucleus of the analyte by irradiating the frozen sample with radiation having a frequency that excites electron spin transitions in the biradical; (c) optionally melting the sample to produce a molten sample; and (d) detecting nuclear spin transitions in the at least one spin half nucleus of the analyte in the frozen or molten sample. The present invention also provides biradicals with a structure of formula (I) with the proviso that Q1 and Q2 are different when X1 and X2 are —O—. The present invention also provides methods for making biradicals with a structure of formula (IA) as described herein.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed which inhibit SIR2 base exchange more than deacetylation, thus enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity. Methods of using the compounds for enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity and increasing longevity of an organism are also disclosed. Methods for screening for compounds that enhance SIR2 deacetylation activity and increase longevity of an organism are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to novel calcimimetic compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them. The invention also relates to methods of treating of diseases or disorders related to the function of the calcium sensing receptor using the compounds represented in Formula I.

Abstract: Bifunctional linkers are provided that comprise a photocleavable moiety flanked by two different amine reactive moieties. In some embodiments the photocleavable moiety is a dimethoxynitrobenzyl moiety. In other embodiments the photocleavable moiety is 8-bromo-7-hydroxyquinoline. In other embodiments the photocleavable moiety is nitrodibenzofuran. In other embodiments the photocleavable moiety is 6-bromo-7-hydroxycoumarin-4-ylmethyl. The linkers find use in synthetic methods, including the generation of photocleavable oligonucleotides, e.g. caged morpholinos.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel reactive fluorescent compounds that incorporate stable isotopic (deuterium, 13-carbon, 15-nitrogen, 18-oxygen) substitutions. The invention includes the use of these compounds, in combination with non-isotopically substituted analogs, for the purification, identification and relative quantification of proteins, peptides, saccharides, metabolites, and other biologically important compounds by combining liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Fluorescent labeling of target compounds in this manner provides orders-of-magnitude sensitivity enhancement over traditional stable isotope labels, and also affords the possibility of simultaneous multiplexed analysis due to the multiwavelength nature of different fluorophores.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nitroxide imaging probes that are isotopically modified or unmodified. Such nitroxide imaging probes may be included in liposomes that encapsulate self-quenching concentrations thereof, wherein the liposomes optionally comprise a targeting ligand specific to and having affinity for targeted tissue.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compositions of synthetic oligo-?-(1?6)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosides conjugated to carriers, and methods for making and use same.

Abstract: N-hydroxysuccinimide acrylate ester monomers are described which provide N-hydroxysuccinimide derivatized monomers for the formation of polymeric cell culture surfaces suitable for culture of difficult to culture cells including undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Methods of making the monomers and are also described.

Abstract: The invention describes compounds useful for labelling molecules of interest (i.e. analytes), particularly biomolecules such as peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides and nucleic acids, and also methods for analysing, detecting and/or isolating these labelled molecules using mass spectrometry. The compound in one aspect is a mass marker for labelling of an analyte detectable by mass spectrometry such as neutral loss mass spectroscopy, in which the mass marker comprises a neutral loss mass modifier linked via a first collision cleavable linker to a reactive group having reactive functionality for attachment to the analyte. The neutral loss mass modifier upon cleavage from the analyte during mass spectroscopy is uncharged.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing oligomeric compounds, and more particularly, to methods of synthesizing oligomer compounds comprising polyethylene glycol moieties. The present invention provides improved methods for synthesizing oligomers comprising polyethylene glycol moieties. Methods according to embodiments of the present invention may utilize reaction conditions that are milder, efficacious than those taught by conventional methods.

Abstract: A reagent for use in detecting an analyte comprises a fluorescent energy donor and an energy acceptor, wherein the energy acceptor is of the general formula: and wherein the distance between the energy donor and the energy acceptor of the reagent is capable of modulation by a suitable analyte to be detected.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 have the meanings as defined in the specification, comprising the step of reacting an acrylic acid chloride compound of formula (II?): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 have the meanings as defined in the specification, with aqueous hydroxylamine and optionally converting the resulting compound into an acid addition salt thereof.