Abstract: The present invention provides a cyclic sulfide compound represented by a general formula (I) ##STR1## (where R.sup.1 represents --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --O--, or --CH.sub.2 --S--). Polymerizable compositions for manufacturing optical products with this compound as their main component can be readily molded into plastic lenses which give superhigh refractive indices and high Abbe numbers or those which give high refractive indices and high Abbe number with low sp.grs. in addition thereto. The castings obtained from said polymerizable compositions are useful as plastic lenses for glasses, manifesting optical uniformity and being excellent in processability, transparency, and thermal, impact and light resistance. Further these polymerizable resin compositions are usable preferably as such optical products as prisms, optical fibers, optical disc substrates, color filters, or infrared absorption filters.

Abstract: This invention relates to benzyl and naphthalenylmethyl thiophenones and cyclopentenones, some of which are novel, which have oral antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic mice, a genetic animal model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. These compounds are represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, thio-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or trifluoromethyl or R.sup.2 together with R.sup.3 forms a benzo ring fused to the phenyl ring and optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl, halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, thio-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or trifiuoromethyl;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, thio-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or trifluoromethyl;andR.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: 2,5-Diaryl tetrahydrofurans, 2,5-diaryl tetrahydrothiophenes, 2,4-diaryl tetrahydrofurans, 2,4-diaryl tetrahydrothiophenes, 1,3-diaryl cyclopentanes, 2,4-diaryl pyrrolidines, and 2,5-diaryl pyrrolidines are disclosed that reduce the chemotaxis and respiratory burst leading to the formation of damaging oxygen radicals of polymorphonuclear leukocytes during an inflammatory or immune response. The compounds exhibit this biological activity by acting as PAF receptor antagonists, by inhibiting the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, or by exhibiting dual activity, i.e., by acting as both a PAF receptor antagonist and inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase.A method to treat disorders mediated by PAF or leukotrienes is also disclosed, that includes administering an effective amount of one or more of the above-identified compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: All possible stereoisomeric forms and mixtures thereof of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl of up to 4 carbon atoms, --CN and aralkynyl of up to 10 carbon atoms, Y is selected from the group consisting of halogen, --CH.sub.2 F, --CHF.sub.2, and --CF.sub.3, A is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## having pesticidal properties.

Abstract: Novel carboxamides and sulfonamides are described having of the formulaR.sup.1 --A--(W).sub.a --X--(CH.sub.2).sub.b --(Y).sub.c --B--Z--COOR(I),in which R.sup.1, A, W, X, Y, B, Z, R, a, b and c are as provided in the description. These compounds are useful in the treatment of thromboses, apoplexy, myocardial infarct, inflammations, arteriosclerosis as well as in the treatment and prevention of tumors. These novel compounds are prepared by eliminating the protective groups in corresponding compounds with protected amidino or guanidino groups.

Abstract: The compounds of the present invention comprise substituted phenolic thioethers represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and independently represent tert-alkyl or phenyl; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or alkyl; X represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.w --B--(CH.sub.2).sub.y -- wherein B represents O, S, or CH.sub.2 and w and y can each independently be an integer from 0 to 3 with the proviso that the sum of w+y is equal to or less than 3; A represents O or S(O).sub.n wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; p is an integer from 1 to 4; and R represents alkyl; OH; OR.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen or alkyl and R.sup.6 is hydrogen, alkyl, heterocyclealkyl in which the hetercyclic ring may optionally be substituted; cycloalkyl; substituted cycloalkyl; phenyl; substituted phenyl; phenylalkyl; or substituted phenylalkyl; or NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 together form a heterocyclic ring which may optionally be substituted; or R is (CH.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a substituted acetic acid of the Formula (2): ##STR1## wherein --X--Z is an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic optionally substituted amino radical; by reacting a compound of the Formula (7):Z--Y--H Formula 7with glyoxylic acid. The compounds of Formula (2) are useful as intermediates in the preparation of polycyclic dyes.

Abstract: Compounds of formula: ##STR1## and stereoisomers thereof, wherein X, Y and Z, which are the same or different, are hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted arylalkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxyalkyl, optionally substituted acyloxy, optionally substituted amino, acylamino, nitro, cyano, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.1, --CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3, or --COR.sup.

Abstract: 2,5-Diaryl tetrahydrofurans, 2,5-diaryl terahydrothiophenes, 2,4-diaryl tetrahydrofurans, 2,4-diaryl tetrahydrothiphenes, 1,3-diaryl cyclopentanes, 2,4-diaryl pyrrolidines, and 2,5-diaryl pyrrolidines are disclosed that reduce the chemotaxis and respiratory burst leading to the formation of damaging oxygen radicals of polymorphonuclear leukocytes during an inflammatory or immune response. The compounds exhibit this biological activity by acting as PAF receptor antagonists, by inhibiting the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, or by exhibiting dual activity, i.e., by acting as both a PAF receptor antagonist and inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase.A method to treat disorders mediated by PAF or leukotrienes is also disclosed, that includes administering an effective amount of one or more of the above-identified compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have the formula Z(CH.sub.2).sub.n CHR.sub.1 COOCHR.sub.2 COOHin which Z is --SR.sub.3, --COCHR.sub.4 NHCOR.sub.5, ##STR1## or --NHCHR.sub.7 COOH, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.7, which may be the same or different, are each phenyl or alkylphenyl C.sub.7-12,R.sub.4 is hydrogen, alkyl C.sub.1-6, NHR.sub.8 or (CH.sub.2).sub.p R.sub.9,R.sub.2 is (CH.sub.2).sub.m XR.sub.10, alkyl C.sub.1-6 optionally substituted by a saturated 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, alkylhalo C.sub.1-6, alkylcyano C.sub.1-6, or alkyl phenyl C.sub.7-12, the phenyl being optionally substituted by NO.sub.2 or NH.sub.2,X is O, S(O).sub.q, C.dbd.O or NR.sub.11, andR.sub.10 is alkyl C.sub.1-6, alkylhalo C.sub.1-6, alkoxy C.sub.1-6, alkoxy C.sub.1-6 substituted by halogen, alkanoyl C.sub.1-6, S(O).sub.r R.sub.12, NR.sub.13 R.sub.14, phenyl, alkylphenyl C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.2 ' X, Y, Z, A, B, Q and n are as described herein. Their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and when appropriate, enantiomers, racemates, diastereomers or mixtures thereof or geometric isomer or mixtures thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds of formula I inhibit enzyme carnitine acyltransferase 1 (CAT-1) and are therefore useful in the prevention of injury to ischemic tissue, and can limit infarct size, improve cardiac function and prevent arrhythmias during and following a myocardial infarction.

Abstract: Intermediates and a stepwise process for the conversion of D-methionine or certain of its derivatives to optically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkyl, phenyl or tolyl. The latter compounds are in turn useful as an intermediate in the preparation of penem antibiotic 5R,6S-6-(1R-hydroxyethyl)-2-(1R-oxo-3S-thiolanylthio)-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid and corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters.

Abstract: Diastereomeric 5R,6S-6-(1R-hydroxyethyl)-2-(1S-oxo-3R-thiolanylthio)-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid and 5R,6S-6-(1R-hydroxyethyl)-2-(1R-oxo-3S-thiolanylthio)-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid, and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts and in vivo hydrolyzable esters thereof, useful as systemic antibacterial agents; and intermediates and processes which are useful in the said synthesis of said diastereoisomers.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives which are inhibitors of prostaglandin H.sub.2 synthase, 5-lipoxygenase and interleukin-1 biosynthesis. The compounds of the invention are useful as inhibitors of prostaglandin H.sub.2 synthase and interleukin-1 biosynthesis, per se, and as analgesic, antiinflammatory and antiarthritic agents in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives; to methods of inhibiting prostaglandin H.sub.2 synthase and biosynthesis of interleukin-1; and to treating chronic inflammatory diseases in a mammal with said compounds. Further, this invention relates to certain novel carboxylic acids useful as intermediates in the preparation of the 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives of this invention and to a process for the preparation of the 3-substituted-2-oxindole derivatives.

Abstract: A photographic element is detailed which provides for improved resolution by decreasing the blue and ultraviolet radiation typically associated with internal scatter and print-through. These and other improvements are provided in a photographic element comprising a support having thereon at least one hydrophilic colloid layer, and a radiation sensitive silver halide emulsion layer present as a portion of the colloid layer or in a separate layer wherein the emulsion contains a dye of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: A=counterion chosen from the set consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkylammonium andZ is a linking group.

Abstract: A process for producing sulfolane compounds is provided which comprises: (1) contacting a conjugated diene with sulfur dioxide under conditions sufficient to synthesize a sulfolene compound whereby a mixture of the sulfolene compound and impurities comprising unreacted sulfur dioxide is produced; (2) transferring the mixture, at a temperature in the range of about 55.degree. C. to about 85.degree. C., to an impurities removal reactor containing a solvent; (3) removing the impurities under an elevated pressure to produce an impurities-reduced sulfolene compound; (4) transferring the impurities-reduced sulfolene compound to a hydrogenation reactor; (5) contacting said impurities-reduced sulfolene compound with hydrogen, in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, under conditions sufficient to produce a sulfolane compound; and (6) optionally recovering said sulfolane compound.

Abstract: A process for the .alpha.-monoalkylation of arylacetonitriles, arylacetoesters and arylacetic acids with dialkyl carbonates in liquid phase, in the presence of bases at temperatures ranging from about 100.degree. C. to about 270.degree. C.

Abstract: Amides having formula I: ##STR1## wherein E, X, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the meanings given in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pharmaceutically acceptable in vivo hydrolysable esters thereof, which are useful in the treatment of urinary incontinence. Further provided are processes for preparing the amides and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: Provided is a method of treating inflammatory bowel disease in mammals utilizing certain benzyl-substituted rhodanine derivatives. Also provided are novel benzyl-substituted rhodanine derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, as well as a novel process for selectively isolating in substantially pure enantiomeric form the enantiomers of certain racemic benzyl-substituted rhodanine derivatives.

Abstract: (2R)-1-(Aryloxy)-3-(butyryloxy)-2-propanols of the general formula (I), ##STR1## where Ar is a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic radical, and a process for their preparation by the reaction of (2R)-glycidyl butyrate with an aromatic hydroxy compound Ar--OH in the presence of a quaternary ammonium halide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing epoxy esters, and intermediates prepared by this process, in particular, to a process which produces non-racemic epoxy esters which are of use as intermediates in the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds.

Abstract: Unsaturated cyclohexylacetic acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where U is.dbd.NOCH.sub.3, .dbd.CHOCH.sub.3, .dbd.CH.sub.2, .dbd.CH--CH.sub.3, .dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.3, .dbd.N--NH--CH.sub.3 or .dbd.CH--S--CH.sub.3,n is from 0 to 10,A is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, andX is a single bond when n is 0, and oxygen, sulfur or a single bond when n is not 0, and the plant-compatible acid addition products and base addition products thereof, and fungicides and insecticides containing these compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound I ##STR1## with A=t-butyl, aryl andR=alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenynyl, cycloalkyl(alkyl), aryl, arylalkyl, alkyl-S-(-O)-arylby reacting a compound III ##STR2## with a compound IV ##STR3## under the conditions of a phase-transfer reaction, is described. The process gives excellent yields and is not associated with the unpleasant odor of mercaptans.

Abstract: Novel 4-chloro-4,4-difluorothiobutyric acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 halogenoalkyl and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or an organic radical can be employed as pest-control agents. Control of insects and arachnids is possible and preferable.

Abstract: Retinoid like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula ##STR1## R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 independently are hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or lower alkenyl, A and A.sub.1 independently are hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, lower alkenyl, SR.sub.4 or OR.sub.4 where R.sub.4 is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or lower alkenyl; Y is selected from a group consisting of thienyl, furyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl or oxazolyl; E is lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, lower cycloalkyl, lower branched chain alkyl, or is characterized by the formula (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is 0-5, and Z is H, OH, OR.sub.5, OCOR.sub.5, --COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester or amide thereof, --CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 OR.sub.6, CH.sub.2 OCOR.sub.6, or --CHO, CH(OR.sub.7).sub.2, CHOR.sub.8 O, or COR.sub.9, CR.sub.9 (OR.sub.7).sub.2, CR.sub.9 OR.sub.8 O where R.sub.5 is lower alkyl, phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.6 is lower alkyl, phenyl or lower alkylphenyl, R.sub.7 is lower alkyl, R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrially valuable method for preparing an optically active 3,4-dihydro-3,4-epoxy-2H-1-benzopyran compound which is useful as a starting material for an optically active benzopyran compound with antihypertensive, coronary blood flow-increasing activities and the like, and also provides a diastereometric ester compound with a 3-halo-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran compound which is useful as an intermediate for said epoxy compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to new thio-alkanones of the formula ##STR1## in which X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom,R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkyl group and the broken lines represent a single bond or no bond,to a process for their preparation and their use as flavorings.

Abstract: Process for ring opening compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is heteroaryl or aryl, R.sup.2 is a leaving group, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl, provided that at least one of the groups R.sup.3 to R.sup.6 is other than hydrogen, by breaking the bond joining the carbon atom attached to R.sup.3 and the carbon atom attached to R.sup.6 in organic solution using silica, giving useful diene or allyl derivatives, certain of which are novel.

Abstract: The invention concerns heterocyclic nitromethane derivatives of the formula 1 as defined hereinafter (and their non-toxic salts) wherein the heterocyclic moiety Q is thienyl, benzothienyl or dibenzothienyl and may bear a wide variety of optional substituents, together with pharmaceutical compositions containing them. The nitromethane derivatives are inhibitors of the enzyme aldose reductase and are of value in the treatment of certain complications of diabetes and galactosemia.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## and stereoisomers thereof, wherein W is R.sup.1 O.sub.2 C--C.dbd.CH--ZR.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which are the same or different, are alkyl or fluoroalkyl groups, and Z is either an oxygen or sulphur atom; A is an oxygen or sulphur atom, --NR.sup.3 --, or --CR.sup.4 R.sup.5 --; X, Y and Z.sup.

Abstract: Novel compounds having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined herein. These compounds are useful in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of optically active esters of 2-chloropropionic acid of the formula: ##STR1## from an optically active lactate of the formula: ##STR2## with inversion of configuration. COOR.sub.1 in formula I and formula II is a hydrolyzable group. The lactate of formula II is brought into contact with SOCl.sub.2, followed by decomposition of the chlorosulfite formed, the process being one in which at least the decomposition stage is carried out in the presence of an ether.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of general formula (I) and physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, methods for their preparation and pharmaceutical formulations thereof. ##STR1## wherein Ar represents a substituted phenyl or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring;X and Y represent alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene chains;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.18 each represent hydrogen or alkyl groups; andQ represents an optionally substituted furan or thiophene ring.The compounds of the invention have a stimulant action at .beta..sub.2 -adrenoreceptors and are useful in the treatment of diseases associated with reversible airways obstruction such as asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Abstract: Novel tricyclic compounds having a TXA.sub.2 -antagonizing activity represented by formul (I): ##STR1## which strongly antagonize an action of thromboxane A.sub.2 and are expected to have preventive and therapeutic effects on ischemica diseases, cerebro-vascular diseases, etc.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## in which: R represents hydrogen, methyl of hydroxy; X represents an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or heterocyclic group; A represents a single bond, or an alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or alkadienylene group; Y represents hydrogen, or an aryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclic group] have valuable antihypercholesteremic activities and may be used in the treatment of disorders arising from a blood cholesterol imbalance in humans and other animals.

Abstract: Thiophene derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are certain specified substituent groups can be homopolymerized or copolymerized to form polymers which are electroconductive. These polymers find many uses, for example, as EMI/RF shielding materials, in electrochromic display systems, as antistatics, as ion and pH sensors, as battery electrode materials etc.

Abstract: New hemimercaptals of the formula ##STR1## in which X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom, a process for their preparation and their use as flavorings have been found.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, naphthyl, or thienyl; and Ar.sup.1 is 3-phenoxyphenyl, 4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl, 2-methyl[1-1'-biphenyl]-3-yl, or 6-phenoxy-2-pyridyl, exhibit pyrethroid-like insecticidal and acaricidal activity and are relatively nontoxic to fish.

Abstract: (S)-Alkyl 3-(thien-2-ylthio)butyrate and analogs are intermediates in the synthesis of the chiral (S,S)-5,6-dihydro-4-ethylamino-6-methyl-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfon amide-7,7-dioxide and analogs thereof, topically effective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors useful in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.

Abstract: (S)-3-(thien-2-ylthio)butyric acid analogs are intermediates in the synthesis of the chiral (S,S)-5,6-dihydro-4-ethylamino-6-methyl-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfon amide-7,7-dioxide and analogs thereof, topically effective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors useful in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. They are prepared by condensation of 2-mercaptothiophene and (R)-(+)-.beta.-methyl-.beta.-propiolactone or an analog thereof.

Abstract: Intermediates and a stepwise process for the conversion of D-methionine or certain of its derivatives to optically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkyl, phenyl or tolyl. The latter compounds are in turn useful as an intermediate in the preparation of penem antibiotic 5R,6S-6-(1R-hydroxyethyl)-2-(1R-oxo-3S-thiolanylthio)-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid and corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters.

Abstract: Novel (p-phenoxyphenoxy)-methyl-five-membered heeroaromatic radicals of the formula ##STR1## where the substituents have the following meanings: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkyl, nitro or cyano,R.sup.4 hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, and a five-membered heteroaromatic ring, and their use for combating pests.

Abstract: Novel cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters of all possible stereoisomeric forms and mixtures thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine and bromine, R is selected from the group consisting of optionally unsaturated alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted, optionally unsaturated cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted, optionally substituted aryl of 6 to 14 carbon atoms and optionally substituted heterocycle, Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --CH.sub.3, --CN and --C.tbd.CH and Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --OH, optionally unsaturated alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted, --CN, --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --OAlk, --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --S--Alk, ##STR2## m is 0,1,2,3 or 4, Alk is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, --Si(Alk').sub.3, Alk' is optionally unsaturated alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted, --O--Ar and --(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: Thiophene ethers having relatively large side chains can be easily obtained by reacting 2-, 3-, 2,3-, 2,4- or 3,4-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkoxythiophenes in the presence of an acid catalyst with a compound containing an OH group. The novel thiophene ethers are suitable as monomers for electrically conducting polymers.

Abstract: Intermediates and a stepwise process for the conversion of an alkyl 4-chloro-3R-hydroxybutyrate to optically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkyl, phenyl or tolyl. The latter compounds are in turn useful as an intermediate in the preparation of penem antibiotic 5R,6S-6-(1R-hydroxyethyl)-2-(1R-oxo-3S-thiolanylthio)-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid and corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters.

Abstract: Propargyl furan- and thiophenecarboxylates of the formulae Ia and Ib ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -haloalkenyl, or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, X is oxygen or sulfur, n is the integer 0 or 1, and, if X is sulfur, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may furthermore be fluorine, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkenyloxy or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -haloalkenyloxy, processes for their manufacture, and their use for combating pests.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## and stereoisomers thereof, wherein V is an oxygen or a sulphur atom; X and Y, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen or halogen atoms, or optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylalkoxy, optionally substituted acyloxy, optionally substituted amino, acylamino, nitro, nitrile, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.3, --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5, or --COR.sup.6 groups; or the groups X and Y, when they are in adjacent positions on the phenyl ring, may join to form a fused ring, either aromatic or aliphatic, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms; and Z is optionally substituted methylene, optionally substituted amino, oxygen or sulphur and when Z is a substituted methylene group, the substituent may join the 2-position of the phenyl ring to form a non-aromatic fused ring; R.sup.1 and R.

Abstract: Disperse dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which X is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen, Y is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenyl or phenyl, or Y and R, together with the nitrogen atom and the two C atoms linking them, form a 5- or 6-ring, B is a straight-chain or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene radical, Z is a bridge member of the formula ##STR2## or a direct bond and A is a radical of the formula ##STR3## which radicals are unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, halogen or nitro are suitable in particular for dyeing textile material made of polyester fibers.

Abstract: Thiophene (or furan)-2-sulfonamides with a 4-benzyl substituent are effective in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma following topical ocular administration.