Abstract: This invention relates to a method of preparing optically active ?-2-thienyl-alanine, and more particularly to a method of preparing optically active ?-2-thienyl-L-alanine or optically active ?-2-thienyl-D-alanine through an optical resolution reaction using chiral dibenzoyl tartaric acid or a derivative thereof as an optical resolving agent.

Abstract: A catalyst for an organic reaction and a method of using a catalyst in an organic reaction are provided. The catalyst for an addition or condensation reaction includes a graphene oxide including an oxygen functional group, and the catalyst is configured to promote the addition or condensation reaction by bonding the oxygen functional group with an alkali metal ion or alkali earth metal ion during the addition or condensation reaction.

Abstract: A catalyst for an organic reaction and a method of using a catalyst in an organic reaction are provided. The catalyst for an addition or condensation reaction includes a graphene oxide including an oxygen functional group, and the catalyst is configured to promote the addition or condensation reaction by bonding the oxygen functional group with an alkali metal ion or alkali earth metal ion during the addition or condensation reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are antimicrobial compounds compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, the use and preparation thereof. Some embodiments relate to cyclic boronate compounds and their use as therapeutic agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods, compounds, compositions and vehicles for delivering 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid (3APS) in a subject, preferably a human subject. The invention encompasses compound that will yield or generate 3APS, either in vitro or in vivo.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula (IA), formula (IV) or formula (V), wherein the variables are as defined herein, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them which are useful for treating a subject with a proliferative disorder, such as cancer. The disclosed compounds and pharmaceutical compositions are also useful for treating disorders responsive to Hsp70 induction and/or natural killer induction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cellulose acetate film for optical compensation and a retardation enhancer used therein, and relates to a cellulose acetate film which has a high retardation value in the thickness direction (Rth).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are antimicrobial compounds compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, the use and preparation thereof. Some embodiments relate to 1 cyclic boronic acid ester derivatives and their use as therapeutic agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 4-trimethylammoniobutyrates of the formula wherein A1, R1, m and n are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds inhibit carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) activity, in particular CPT2 activity, and can be used as medicaments.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I are useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic attack, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and social phobias, wherein: A is chosen from: aryl or heteroaryl, A being optionally substituted with up to 5 independently-selected groups R8; R1 is chosen from: alkyl or haloalkyl; R2 is chosen from: H, C(O)R6, C(O)OR6, SO2R6 or C(O)NR6R7; R3, R4 and R5 are independently chosen from: H or alkyl; R6 and R7 are independently chosen from: H or alkyl; and R8 is chosen from: OH, CN, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, C(O)R6, C(O)OR6, SO2R6 or C(O)NR6R7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing chiral amino acids with excellent enantiomeric excesses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inhibitor for tobacco axillary bud growth, the inhibitor comprising, as an active ingredient, one or more kinds of very-long chain fatty acid synthesis inhibitors such as a chloroacetamide-based herbicide, fentrazamide, cafenstrole or indanofan; an inhibitor for tobacco axillary bud growth, the inhibitor comprising the aforesaid very-long chain fatty acid synthesis inhibitor together with clorthal-dimethyl or an aliphatic alcohol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; and a method for inhibiting tobacco axillary bud growth which comprises applying the inhibitor for tobacco axillary bud growth. The inhibitor for tobacco axillary bud growth of the present invention shows sustained drug efficacy at a low concentration, induces neither chemical injury nor disease, and can contribute to the improvement in labor productivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I): or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof, wherein the variables A, L1, R3, and R11 are as defined herein. The compounds of Formula (I) are useful as selective inhibitors of serine protease enzymes of the coagulation cascade and/or contact activation system; for example thrombin, factor Xa, factor XIa, factor IXa, factor VIIa and/or plasma kallikrein. In particular, it relates to compounds that are selective factor XIa inhibitors. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of treating thromboembolic and/or inflammatory disorders using the same.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of the formulas (Ia) or (Ib) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which is useful in a medicine wherein the symbols, indices and substituents have the following meaning R1?H, CN, NO2, CF3, F, Cl, Br, I, CH3 R2?H, CN, NO2, CF3, F, Cl, Br, I, CH3, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, t-Bu, phenyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl and either R1 or R2 must be H R3?H, CN, NO2, CF3, F, Cl, Br, I, CH3, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, t-Bu, phenyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl then X is e.g. with R4 being H, CH3, CH2CH3 or and Y being or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or amides and prodrugs of the above identified compounds of formulas (Ia) or (Ib). The compounds are applied to modulate the in-vitro and in-vivo binding processes mediated by E-, P- or L-selectin binding.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 4-trimethylammoniobutyrates of the formula wherein A1, R1, m and n are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds inhibit carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) activity, in particular CPT2 activity, and can be used as medicaments.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 4-dimethylaminobutyric acid derivatives of the formula wherein A1, A2, R1, m and n are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds inhibit carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) activity, in particular CPT2 activity, and can be used as medicaments in methods for the treatment of diseases modulated by CPT2 inhibitors.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of formula (I) wherein m is 0, 1 or 2; RI is a mono- or bicyclic heterocyclic ring system including one, two or three heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen; R2 is selected from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl; I) R3 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; and R4 and R5 are independently selected from ethyl and isopropyl; and R3, R4 and R5 together have at least 6 carbon atoms: or II) any two or all of R3, R4 and R5 form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached 3-para-menthyl, bornyl, or adamantyl; having cooling properties, their use as cooling agent and compositions including them.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide compounds that can effectively suppress the concentration of phosphorus in serum to effectively prevent or treat diseases induced by an increase in concentration of phosphate in serum. The compounds according to the present invention are compounds represented by formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof: wherein A represents an optionally substituted five- to nine-membered unsaturated carbocyclic moiety or a five- to nine-membered unsaturated heterocyclic moiety, and ?represents a single bond or a double bond, R5 represents optionally substituted aryl or the like, Z represents —N?CHR6R7 or the like, R6 and R7 represent H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or the like, R101 and R102 together form ?O, and R103 and R104 represent H, or R101 and R104 together from a bond, and R102 and R103 together form a bond.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of glutaric acid derivatives of general formula (I), which are disclosed in the invention description, as anti-arrhythmic agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cyclopentane heptenoic acid-5-cis-2-(3?-hydroxy or lower alkyloxy-5-thienylpentyl)-3,5-dihydroxy, [1?, 2?, 3?, 5?] compounds, lower alkyl, hydroxyl lower alkyl and indole lower alkyl amides and esters thereof as potent ocular hypotensives that are particularly suited for the management of glaucoma.

Abstract: The GPR40 receptor function regulator of the present invention, which comprises a compound having an aromatic ring and a group capable of releasing cation is useful as an insulin secretagogue or an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes and the like.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I are useful in the treatment of epilepsy, neuropathic pain, acute and chronic inflammatory pain, migraine, tardive dyskinesia and other related CNS disorders. wherein: A and R1 to R8 are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a compound of formula and/or an addition salt of a proton acid, wherein R1 and R2 independently represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, each aryl or aralkyl being optionally further substituted with alkyl, alkoxy and/or halogen. The process involves reacting a mixture comprising a methyl ketone of formula and a compound of formula H2N—R2 (V) and/or an addition salt of proton acid, and formaldehyde in the presence of a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, aliphatic alcohols, cycloaliphatic alcohols and mixtures thereof, and optionally a proton acid to afford a ?-amino ketone of formula and/or an addition salt of a proton acid, and reducing the carbonyl group of said ?-amino ketone to afford a compound of formula I, and/or an addition salt of a proton acid wherein the first step is carried out at a pressure above 1.5 bar.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes of forming a compound (33), (35) or (37)

Abstract: There is provided a novel optically active dinickel complex and/or a production method of an optically active amine by an asymmetric Mannich reaction using the dinickel complex as a catalyst. An optically active dinickel complex of Formula (I) or Formula (I?): [where R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-10 alkyl group or a C1-10 alkoxy group, etc., R2 and R3 together form, together with a benzene ring bonded to them, a naphthalene ring, etc. A novel production method of an optically active amine by an asymmetric Mannich reaction using the dinickel complex as a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a GPR receptor function regulator comprising the compound represented by the formula: [wherein ring A is an optionally substituted isocyclic or heterocyclic ring, P is a bond or spacer, ring D is an optionally substituted monocyclic aromatic ring which may be condensed with a 5- to 7-membered ring, V is a bond or the group represented by the formula —CR14?CR15— or —N?CR16— (wherein R14, R15 and R16 each represents a hydrogen atom or optionally substituted hydrocarbon group), Q is a bond or spacer, and W is a carboxyl or a group biologically equivalent to a carboxyl] or its salt or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a tautomer thereof, wherein A and B are as described herein, are useful for treating conditions afflicting mammals.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula I as defined herein, which are inhibitors of activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. The compounds of the formula I are suitable for manufacturing medicaments for the prophylaxis, secondary prevention and therapy of one or more disorders which are associated with thromboses, embolisms, hypercoagulability or fibrotic changes.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide 3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl)propionamides useful as synthesis intermediates of pharmaceutical preparations and the like and a method for obtaining optically active 3-amino-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanols using the same with high reaction yield, high optical yield and industrially low cost. According to the present invention, 3-amino-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanols are obtained by carrying out asymmetric reduction of a ?-ketocarbonyl compound having thiophene ring in the presence of a catalyst constituted from a compound of a group VIII or IX metal in the periodic table (e.g., a ruthenium compound) and an asymmetric ligand represented by a specified optically active diamine derivative (e.g., a diphenylethylenediamine derivative), or using a cell, a treated product of said cell or the like of a microorganism, and as occasion demands, carrying out amidation of the ester group and then carrying out reduction of the amido group.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I are useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic attack, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and social phobias. wherein: A is chosen from: aryl or heteroaryl, A being optionally substituted with up to 5 independently-selected groups R8; R1 is chosen from: alkyl or haloalkyl; R2 is chosen from: H, C(O)R6, C(O)OR6, SO2R6 or C(O)NR6R7; R3, R4 and R5 are independently chosen from: H or alkyl; R6 and R7 are independently chosen from: H or alkyl; and R8 is chosen from: OH, CN, halo, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, C(O)R6, C(O)OR6, SO2R6 or C(O)NR6R7.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV), wherein Ch1 is e.g. the formula (V) or (VI); Ch2 is the formula (VII) or (VIII); Het1 is for example furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, benzothienyl, quinolyl or bithienyl; each of which is optionally substituted; Het2 and Het2? e.g. are furylene, thienylene, pyrrolylene, benzothienylene, quinolylene, furylenecarbonyl, thienylenecarbonyl, benzothienylenecarbonyl or bithienylenecarbonyl; each of which is optionally substituted; A1, and Ar1? i.a. are phenyl, naphthyl, benzoyl or naphthoyl, each of which is optionally substituted; Ar2 is for example phenylene, optionally substituted; M i.a. is C1-C20alkylene; R1 is for example C1-C12alkyl or phenyl; R2 and R2? for example are hydrogen or C1-C20 alkyl; exhibit an unexpectedly good performance in photopolymerization reactions.

Abstract: A process for preparing (+)duloxetine, or an acid addition salt thereof, which process comprises resolving racemic(±)duloxetine with a chiral acid so as to obtain a salt of the chiral acid and (+)duloxetine, substantially free of (?)duloxetine; and (ii) if desired, converting the salt prepared in step (i) to the free base or another acid addition salt as appropriate. The process for preparing (+)duloxetine, or an acid addition salt thereof, can further comprise an O-alkylation intermediate process step which is carried out in the presence of a base and a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: Estrogen-Related Receptor (ERR) modulating compounds and methods for synthesis of said compounds are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I): or stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof, wherein the variables A, L1, R3, and R11 are as defined herein. The compounds of Formula (I) are useful as selective inhibitors of serine protease enzymes of the coagulation cascade and/or contact activation system; for example thrombin, factor Xa, factor XIa, factor IXa, factor VIIa and/or plasma kallikrein. In particular, it relates to compounds that are selective factor XIa inhibitors. This invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of treating thromboembolic and/or inflammatory disorders using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and X are as defined herein or to pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, with the exception of 4-methoxy-N-[2-oxo-2-(phenylamino)ethyl]-N-phenyl-benzamide, 4-chloro-N-[2-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N-phenyl-benzamide, 4-chloro-N-[2-[5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N-benzamide, 4-methyl-N-(2-oxo-2-[(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)amino]ethyl]-N-benzamide, N-[2-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N-phenyl-benzamide, 4-methyl-N-[2-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N-phenyl-benzamide, 4-chloro-N-(2-oxo-2-[(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)amino]ethyl]-N-benzamide and N-[2-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-N-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-benzeneacetamide. The compounds are useful in the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I): H2N—CH(R1)—CH2—S—S—CH2—CH(R2)—COONH—R5, wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon chain, phenyl or benzyl radical, methylene radical substituted by a 5 or 6 atom heterocycle; R2 is a phenyl or benzyl radical, a 5 or 6 atom aromatic heterocycle, methylene group substituted by a 5 or 6 atom heterocycle; R5 is a CH(R3)—COOR4 radical, wherein R3 is hydrogen, an OH or OR group, a saturated hydrocarbon group, a phenyl or benzyl radical and OR4 is hydrophile ester, or 5 or 6 membered heterocycle comprising several heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, with at least two nitrogene atoms, wherein said heterocycle is substitutable by an alkyl C1-C6, phenyl or benzyl radical.

Abstract: Improved organophotoreceptor comprises an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element comprising: (a) a charge transport material having the formula: where n is an integer between 1 and 10, inclusive; R1 comprises a functional group selected from the group consisting of a reactive ring group, an ethylenically unsaturated group, a reactive polar group, a hydrazone group, and an azine group; R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 comprise, each independently, H, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, or a part of a ring group; X is a bond or a linking group; and Q is O, S, or NR where R is H, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group; and (b) a charge generating compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or stereoisomers thereof. The compounds of the present invention are inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and are useful for treating cellular proliferative diseases, including cancer. Further, the compounds of the present invention are useful for treating neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia and stroke among other diseases.

Abstract: There is provided a compound having Formula (I) R1-Z-R2 wherein R1 is a group selected from optionally substituted fused polycyclic groups, substituted alkyl groups, branched alkyl groups, and optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups Z is a linker which is or comprises a carbonyl group or a isostere of a carbonyl group R2 is selected from optionally substituted aromatic rings and optionally substituted heterocyclic rings wherein (a) R2 is a 2-substituted thiophene group, and/or (b) Z is a group of the formula —C(?O)—CR3R4—X—(CR5R6)n-, wherein X is selected from NR7, S, O, S?O, and S(?O)2, wherein n is 0 or 1 and/or (c) R1 is an adamantyl group and Z is or comprises an amide group, and/or (d) R1 is an adamantyl group and Z is or comprises a group of the formula —(CR8R9)p-NR10—S(?O)2—(CR11R12)q-, wherein p is 0 or 1 and q is 0 or 1 and/or (e) R1 is an adamantyl group and Z is or comprises a group of the formula —(CR13R14)V—Y—(CR15R16)W— where Y is a heteroaryl group in which a bond in the heteroaryl ring is a i

Abstract: Compounds of Formulas 1 and 2 where the variables have the meaning disclosed in the specification, have analgesic and in some cases immunostimulant activity.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexyl-1,4-diamine compounds corresponding to formula I: methods for their production, pharmaceutical formulations containing these compounds, methods of producing such pharmaceutical formulations and related methods of treating or inhibiting certain diseases or conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I): H2N—CH(R1)—CH2—S—S—CH2—CH(R2)—CONH—R5, wherein R1 is a hydrocarbon chain, phenyl or benzyl radical, methylene radical substituted by a 5 or 6 atom heterocycle; R2 is a phenyl or benzyl radical, a 5 or 6 atom aromatic heterocycle, methylene group substituted by a 5 or 6 atom heterocycle; R5 is a CH(R3)—COOR4 radical, wherein R3 is hydrogen, an OH or OR group, a saturated hydrocarbon group, a phenyl or benzyl radical and OR4 is hydrophile ester, or 5 or 6 membered heterocycle comprising several heteroatoms selected from a group consisting of nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen, with at least two nitrogene atoms, wherein said heterocycle is substitutable by an alkyl C1-C6, phenyl or benzyl radical.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I are useful in the treatment of epilepsy, neuropathic pain, acute and chronic inflammatory pain, migraine, tardive dyskinesia and other related CNS disorders. wherein: A and R1 to R8 are defined in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing enantiomerically enriched arylaminopropanols and to their use and also to intermediates.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I): wherein R1 is C1-C6 alkyl, amino, (C1-C6 alkyl)amino, di(C1-C6 alkyl)amino or a nitrogen-containing saturated heterocyclic; R2 and R3 are hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; Arom is phenyl, idenyl, napthyl, phenanthrenyl, furyl, thiolyl, pyrrolyl, azepinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3 oxadiazolyl, pyranyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or quinolyl; A is C1-C6 alkylene; Ra is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or C2-C6 alkenyl; E is a single bond, oxygen, sulfur or —NR4—, wherein R4 is hydrogen or C1-C7 alkanoyl; X1 and X2 are oxygen or sulfur; or a pharmacologically acceptable salt or ester thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of enantiomerically pure (S)-3-methyl-amino-1-(thien-2-yl)propan-1-ol of the formula II-S by obtainment of (S)-3-hydroxy-3-thien-2-ylpropionitrile from its enantiomer mixture with the R isomer and the subsequent reaction of (S)-3-hydroxy-3-thien-2-ylpropionitrile with hydrogen and methylamine in the presence of a catalyst to give II-S.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of the formulas (Ia) or (Ib) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier which is useful in a medicine wherein the symbols, indices and substituents have the following meaning R1?H, CN, NO2, CF3, F, Cl, Br, I, CH3 R2?H, CN, NO2, CF3, F, Cl, Br, I, CH3, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, t-Bu, phenyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl and either R1 or R2 must be H R3?H, CN, NO2, CF3, F, Cl, Br, I, CH3, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, t-Bu, phenyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl then X is e.g. with R4 being H, CH3, CH2CH3 or and Y being or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or amides and prodrugs of the above identified compounds of formulas (Ia) or (Ib). The compounds are applied to modulate the in-vitro and in-vivo binding processes mediated by E-, P- or L-selectin binding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the following formula: (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof, or a combination thereof, wherein Ro, R1, R1?, R2, R2?, R3 and n are defined herein. The present invention further relates to a method of treating a patient from endometreosis or uterine fibroids.

Abstract: The invention provides well-defined aryl fluoroethyl ureas that are useful as selective alpha2 adrenergic agonists. As such, the compounds described herein are useful in treating a wide variety of disorders associated with modulation of alpha2 adrenergic receptors.

Abstract: DNT-Oxal crystalline forms and processes for making DNT-Oxal crystalline forms are provided.