Abstract: Apparatus for continuously making products in dry-phase in an exothermic reaction includes a chamber having a mixer disposed at the bottom thereof with a reaction chamber above the mixer. First and second inlets are provided for introducing reactant materials into the reaction chamber at a position above the mixer. The mixer projects the solid particles into the reaction chamber in order to interact and produce the final product while an expansion chamber is provided above the reaction chamber for evacuating the resulting gas.

Abstract: An electrically resistive flocculating agent is added to electrically conductive solid fines recovered from an electrofiltration zone. The dry flocculated solid fines including the flocculating agent are recycled to the electrofiltration zone in which a gaseous mixture containing fines is contacted with an electrically enhanced mass of solid contact particles.

Abstract: In a pressurized materials processing system, separation of solid particulates from a gaseous process fluid is beneficially accomplished by use of a swept orifice discharger comprised of a cylindrical housing that is closed at one end and open at the other end. The housing contains an impeller within its interior and has a selected, presized orifice in its cylindrical side wall. In operation, the solid material and gaseous fluid are received in the swept orifice discharger housing and the solid material is continuously centrifugally urged toward the housing side wall so that it separates from the gaseous process fluid and collects on the housing side wall.

Abstract: The invention provides an installation for injecting a powdery material, particularly an adsorbent material, into a contact column--as a rule vertical--through which flows a stream of gas, more especially gas laden with polluting effluents which it is desired to fix on said material, this installation comprising means opening into the column for injecting fresh material and for injecting recycled material, that is to say material already having served for the same purpose, characterized in that said means comprise a number of nozzles (2) for injecting recycled material, spaced apart about at least one nozzle (1) for injecting fresh material, these nozzles being disposed in the column (3 or 4).

Abstract: A separator for a flooded liquid/gas compressor comprising a pressure vessel having an inlet for compressed liquid/gas mixture, a lower outlet for liquid and an upper outlet for clean gas, a filter element interposed between the liquid/gas mixture inlet and the clean gas outlet through which the gas flows to said outlet, and a shield member at least partially surrounding the filter element whereby liquid from the separator pressure vessel is prevented from contacting the filter element during periods of operation when the liquid volume in the pressure vessel may rapidly expand.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for separating condensible vapors from a gas mixture. The apparatus may include an expansion chamber of circular cross section, one end of which terminates in a converging nozzle section; a tubular separator connected to the expansion chamber, the walls of which have perforations therein; and a diffuser chamber of circular cross section, the entrance of which is a diverging nozzle section. Relatively high pressure gas and condensible vapors are introduced into the expansion chamber for isentropic expansion, cooling and increase of velocity thereof by passing through the converging nozzle. The cooled gas and entrained liquids, resulting from the cooling thereof, are passed through the tubular member, the entrained liquids passing through the perforated wall thereof for separation from the gas. The gas from which the liquids have been separated are then isentropically compressed by passing through the diverging nozzle section for exhaust through the diffuser chamber.

Abstract: A slag trap structure is for use where synthesis gas is generated having small particulate slag entrained therewith. It has a high pressure shell with a body of water at the bottom for quenching and removing the slag. There is a coaxial inner wall to direct the flow of synthesis gas and slag down from an inlet at the top toward the body of water. And there is an outlet spaced substantially above the level of the water to cause reversal of the gas and slag flow. Also, there is means for recirculating some clean gas in conjunction with the inner wall to direct a swirling flow that confines the downward flow centrally in the vessel.

Abstract: Air filtering apparatus with electric controls for varying the speed of filtering as a function of the contamination within the air being filtered. Pressure sensing devices are provided at the input and output ends of the filtering apparatus. The sensing devices are coupled with the electrical controls to either speed up or to slow down the filter cleaning mechanisms when appropriate.

Abstract: A gas filtration apparatus and process is disclosed combining heating to maintain undesired material in the form of liquid droplets, sonic agglomeration and porous cross flow filtration. The apparatus and process are particularly suited to gas streams comprising particulates and/or liquid droplets of under 10 microns in diameter, such as the effluent gas stream of coal gasifiers, which are at a high temperature and high pressure. Liquid droplets in the gas stream are agglomerated by sonic agglomeration, and a portion of the gas stream is then passed through a porous cross flow filter element for separation of the agglomerates resulting in a clean gas stream by a continuous, low pressure drop and self-cleaning filtration process. The gas stream may be seeded to enhance agglomeration and/or to induce chemical reaction of undesired gaseous components for their removal as liquids.

Abstract: An electronic air cleaner is disclosed in which the corona discharge wire and the counterelectrode are positioned outside the flowpath of dust-laden air. Diverging electric force lines are discharged from the discharge wire electrode, which is nearer the flow path than the counterelectrode, when a high voltage is applied and ions are directed into the passing airflow path in a reacting area or zone. Dust contained in the air flow path is electrically charged by the ions and collected on a filter, which may also be electrically charged, positioned downstream from the reacting zone. In the device the discharge wire is not directly exposed to the dust-laden air, the electrically charged particles being collected on a separate, easily cleaned filter. The design of the electronic air cleaner requires less maintenance, easier cleaning and a longer period of operational quality.

Abstract: The herein-proposed apparatus for separating carbon black from a carbon-black aerosol stream comprises an apparatus in which a carbon-black aerosol is passed through a granular bed of carbon-black grains in a downflow manner. The carbon-black aerosol is separated into solid carbon-black particles that settle down in the granular bed of the carbon-black grains, and cleaned particulate-free gas delivered to the consumer. Part of said cleaned gas is periodically fed in a countercurrent flow to the stream of carbon-black aerosol to regenerate the granular bed of carbon-black grains. The apparatus for carrying this separation comprises a plurality of compartments, each being subdivided into a first and a second chamber through a partition web. Said partition web is a distribution grate with a screen, whereupon the granular bed of carbon-black grains is arranged, the screen having a mesh opening ranging from about 50 to about 200 microns.

Abstract: In a tornado-flow vortex generator for separating particulates from gases, having a cylindrical vortex chamber, an inlet tube for raw gas coaxially disposed in the vortex chamber and terminating in a nozzle for providing an advance rotation in a flow of the raw gas therethrough, a hopper diaphragm surrounding the inlet tube and formed, in vicinity of the vortex-chamber casing, with an annular particulate-discharge slot communicating with a space within a hopper, a clean-gas outlet disposed in the vortex chamber spaced from and opposite the raw-gas inlet tube, an auxiliary-gas outlet surrounding the clean-gas outlet, and an auxiliary-gas inlet disposed at the vortex-chamber casing for blowing auxiliary gas into the vortex chamber at an inclination and tangentially to the casing thereof and connected by a blower to the auxiliary-gas outlet, the improvement includes a line having valve means and connecting the hopper space with a location of the vortex generator at which a pressure exists which is lower than the

Abstract: A horizontal separator for separating impurities from geothermal steam or the like is provided which includes a pair of drip or drain legs for accommodating the separated fluid portion containing the impurities. To maintain the temperature of the drain legs sufficiently high to prevent hardening of the impurities on the walls thereof, a portion of the steam continuously flows into the drain leg with the separated impurities. In order to minimize venting of the steam supplied to the drain legs directly to atmosphere and consequent environmental problems, and also to improve the efficiency of operation of the separator, recycle lines are provided between the drain legs and the inlet to the separator for recycling a portion of the steam. At the inlet, this recycled steam is drawn into the separator by way of an ejector-type recycle pump.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recycling industrial air. Air contaminated by particulates is removed from the area of machinery, transported to dust collectors, and filtered. A small portion of the filtered air is discharged to the outside atmosphere while a substantial portion is recycled to the area of the machinery. Significant savings of energy are realized while less particulates are exhausted with the air into the atmosphere as contaminants.

Abstract: A cyclone vortex type air cleaner and particulate concentrator is provided having greatly improved air cleaning efficiency as the dirty gas stream is subjected to two distinct skimming operations; one between the gas inlet scroll and the outlet tube and the other at the exit from the gas discharge scroll. The invention may further include means for increasing agglomeration of the particulate by increasing centrifugal separation in an inlet scroll, an outlet scroll and in the outlet tube from the shell or body of the cyclone.

Abstract: A skimmer is secured to the top of a cyclone separator. The skimmer includes an outer cylinder forming an extension of the conventional air exhaust duct of the separator and an inner concentric cylinder terminating within the lower end of the outer cylinder. A specially constructed spiral directing wall means is secured within the space and directs the fine dust laden peripherial layer of the exhaust air through the outer peripheral portion of the exhaust duct for selective discharge into and from a discharge opening and duct means. A door is provided for the opening, and has a central pivot means to simultaneously open and close the reverse sides of the door. The cylinders define an annular space aligned with the peripherial layer of the upwardly moving air from the cyclone separator. The peripherial air layers move into and through the annular space into the discharge duct or back into the center of the center cylinder while the central relative clean air passes through the center cylinder for discharge.

Abstract: Fines are removed from a fines-containing fluid by fluidizing a bed of fluidizable solids with the fines-containing fluid at conditions avoiding fluid spouting at the bed surface, the bed solids being preferably at least two orders of magnitude greater in size than the particles, and being coated with a substance whose stickiness changes during its residence time in the bed. Particles adhere to the transiently sticky solids and can be recovered for re-use. Useful for cleaning dusty gases and recovering catalyst from cracker flue gas.

Abstract: The invention presented herein is a suction device for removing particles from the cutting area of a cutting tool via a duct arrangement including a large particle separator, a blower, a cyclone separator, a bypass means whereby a portion of the outlet air of the cyclone separator is used as a medium to transport particles separated by said cyclone separator and the remaining air outlet of said cyclone separator is recirculated to the cutting tool in the area of the vacuum pickup means.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner comprising a first whirl chamber for receiving dust-laden air and separating heavy and light dust particles therefrom, a second whirl chamber communicating at its inlet end with said first whirl chamber for receiving air therefrom and concentrating very light dust particles in said air, an intermediate chamber arranged at the outlet end of the second whirl chamber for receiving the very light dust particle-containing air therefrom, and a separate air-passage connection between the intermediate chamber and the first whirl chamber for return of said very light dust particle-containing air thereto.

Abstract: In a process for the centrifugal treatment of liquid of liquid or gaseous fluids containing impurities in suspension, of the type in which the fluid to be treated is injected tangentially in a first end of an apparatus of circular transverse section in which this fluid forms a first, substantially cylindrical rotating layer, while at the other end, and starting from the periphery, a fraction containing heavy impurities is collected, then cleared fluid, then possibly a fraction containing impurities lighter than the fluid, it being provided to recycle at least one fraction of the fluid leaving the apparatus by tangential injection into the first end thereof, the fraction to be recycled independently of the initial fluid to be treated is injected at a point located at a radial distance different from that of the point of injection of said fluid, so as to create in the apparatus at least one second, substantially cylindrical layer concentric to the first, in contact therewith and rotating in the same direction s

Abstract: Apparatus for processing domestic and industrial trash and garbage to recover the components that have fuel values by moving the trash and garbage through a fluid bed where it is shredded to a desired size while in the fluid bed, and subsequently causing it to flow in an air lift at a low velocity so that the recoverable light weight components can be separated from the heavy components and collected through a cyclone separator, the heavy components being carried off by suitable conveyor means. The apparatus embodies a system of air moving means and conduits with control valves so that the fluid bed separator is operated at a negative pressure to assure a dust free environment for the apparatus and obtain an even distribution of the shredded material in a moving air stream at a low velocity so the material will separate on the difference in specific gravity, assisted by air elutriation.

Abstract: An electrostatic filter type gas cleaner having relatively electrically insulated discharge and collecting electrodes between which the gas to be cleaned is passed. The collecting electrodes are mounted concentrically around the discharge electrodes and are rotatable relative to them so that particles separating from the gas and depositing on the collecting electrodes are almost immediately thrown away from these electrodes. A casing surrounds the collecting electrodes and serves to collect and carry away the particles separated from the gas. The interior space of the casing is not influenced by the gas flow between the discharge and collecting electrodes. Moreover, means are provided at the peripheral part of a prolongation, extending in the direction of the gas stream, of the annular gap between the discharge and collecting electrodes to lead off the peripheral portion of the gas stream radially outwards to a separate outlet.

Abstract: Means for separation of water in the connecting duct of a saturated steam turbine. A spin generator with guide blades is built directly into the duct. Downstream behind the spin generator, there are provided annular openings in the connecting duct for removal of the water to surrounding water receiving chambers. The water receiving chambers are connected by a steam suction pipe to a zone of lower pressure in the central flow portion of the spin generator. A water vapor agglomerator is located in a bent section of the duct before the spin generator and consists of directional baffles. The water is first agglomerated and then spun out.