Abstract: A separator for use in installations for conveying objects over distances by means of a flow of air, the separator including a generally cylindrical separator grid within a casing, and a spiral grid portion extending outside the cylindrical grid. The spiral grid portion is tangential to said cylindrical grid and to the outside wall of an inlet pipe for admitting a mixture of air and objects. The cylindrical grid and the spiral grid portions permit the passage of air, but not the objects. An adjustable flap is pivoted on the line of intersection between the inside wall of the inlet pipe and said cylindrical grid for controlling the flow of air and objects entering the separator. The spiral grid portion has a rough surface exposed to the gas flow.

Abstract: A device for transforming a fluid flow comprises a chamber with two lateral walls and a circular or spiral circumferential wall extending between the side walls. A flow duct ends tangentially to the circumferential wall in the chamber. An oblong core with circular cross-section is axially disposed in the chamber, which extends through a passage opening in a side wall forming an annular gap. The condition w.sub.1 1 r.sub.1.sup.n =w.sub.2 r.sub.2.sup.n is to be substantially fulfilled for two optional points of the fluid flow within the chamber, with r.sub.1 being the radial distance of the point P.sub.i from the axis of the circular arc or the spiral arc described by the circumferential wall, W.sub.i being the flow rate of the fluid at the point P.sub.i and n being a constant 0<n<.infin.. An axial fluid flow can be transformed to a flow moving spirally in axial direction or vice versa with the device. Various application possibilities of this device are indicated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a molecular and isotopic fractionating process for gaseous mixtures, and apparatus wherein said process may be carried out.The gas mixture to be fractionated is subjected in the inside of a chamber to a helicoidal path and interfered in its free circulation by means of aerodynamic elements, to obtain fractions of different weights.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for separating condensible vapors from a gas mixture. The apparatus may include an expansion chamber of circular cross section, one end of which terminates in a converging nozzle section; a tubular separator connected to the expansion chamber, the walls of which have perforations therein; and a diffuser chamber of circular cross section, the entrance of which is a diverging nozzle section. Relatively high pressure gas and condensible vapors are introduced into the expansion chamber for isentropic expansion, cooling and increase of velocity thereof by passing through the converging nozzle. The cooled gas and entrained liquids, resulting from the cooling thereof, are passed through the tubular member, the entrained liquids passing through the perforated wall thereof for separation from the gas. The gas from which the liquids have been separated are then isentropically compressed by passing through the diverging nozzle section for exhaust through the diffuser chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus for washing paint mist from exhaust air from a spray-painting operation draws the exhaust air, paint mist, and a washing liquid down a funnel inlet into an open ended cylindrical mixing chamber. In the mixing chamber, they turbulently spiral outwardly to exit said chamber through the open ends thereof. An elongated blocking structure is centrally disposed in said mixing chamber to block access of exhaust air to the central portion of the mixing chamber which has low spiral turbulence and thus low mixing efficiency. The inlet to the mixing chamber and the open end outlets therefrom preferably form venturies to further increase the mixing efficiency.

Abstract: In an extraction method and apparatus for extracting low biomass solid materials from a pneumatic transport line, the stream of gas having the solids entrained therein is caused to flow over a toothed extractor wheel. The toothed wheel picks out of the stream the solid materials which are then doffed from the tooth extractor wheel by the vanes of a rotating valve which seals the pressure of the pneumatic transport line from the ambient. The material doffed from the extractor wheel falls into the region between the vanes of the rotary valve and is then removed from the system as the vanes of the valve rotate. The air stream which is inducted into the extractor is first caused to pass through a diffuser which slows the velocity of the air stream and then the air stream is cause to flow along a curved duct section toward the extractor wheel causing the solid materials to flow to the outside of the curved duct section and into the extractor wheel to facilitate extraction.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator for the separation of the liquid and gaseous phases of a mixture thereof, which separator has an upwardly diverging vortex section with a relatively small diameter inlet to produce a high centrifugal acceleration and a relatively large diameter outlet to produce a low vertical throughput velocity thereat to minimize reentrainment of the separated liquid back into the gaseous phase. The vortex section is preferably hyperbolically shaped to maximize the overall efficiency of the separator. An annular discharge lip extends outwardly from and then downwardly relative to the vortex section outlet for the discharge of separated liquid from the vortex section.

Abstract: A particulate material collecting apparatus including a cylindrical member defining therein a spiral flow chamber for forming a spiral flow of gas therein, an inlet duct and an outlet duct connected to the cylindrical member tangentially to the inner circumferential surface thereof, and a hollow inverted pyramidical member secured to the lower portion of the cylindrical member. A spiral flow guide plate having a convex surface curved radially outwardly of the cylindrical member is interposed between the cylindrical member and the inverted pyramidical member. The spiral flow guide plate is positioned so as to define two openings, one opening being located on the upstream side of the spiral flow of gas and the other opening being located on the downstream side of the spiral flow of gas.

Abstract: A centrifugal (cyclone) separator for extracting entrained gas from a liquid which includes a cylindrical member carrying vanes which extend into the vortex created by fluid swirling through the separator. The cylindrical member is mounted for rotation about a fixed member in response to action of the fluid on the vanes and relative motion between the cylindrical member and the fixed member opens and closes a valve in the gas escape route to shut the valve when the quantity of gas in the votex is low enough to expose the vanes to the liquid.

Abstract: A device for separating gas from a liquid sample stream including a housing defining a vertical, cylindrical chamber, a tangential fluid inlet for introducing a sample stream into the top portion of the chamber, a tangential outlet through which the liquid portion of the sample flows from the bottom of the chamber, a tubular-like gas separator unit in the top of the chamber, a gas outlet opening to the upper end of the gas separator unit, and a capillary tube connected to the gas outlet. The gas separator unit includes a spirally extending wall spaced radially inwardly from the top of the chamber wall to define an annular passage open to the fluid inlet. The side edges of the spiral wall are arranged to define a vertically extending opening therebetween.

Abstract: In paper-making operations and the like, fibers of wood are frequently transported through piping as an entrainment in steam. An apparatus is disclosed for separating such entrainment and removing the fibers at one station and the steam at another station. Rotating blades give the entrainment a circular or rotating action whereby the heavier fibers move outwardly by centrifugal force to contact the wall from which the blades scrape the fibers and hurl them to discharge. The fiber-free steam is removed along an axial line perpendicular to the direction of movement of the separated fibers under the influence of a second set of blades.

Abstract: A cyclone vortex type air cleaner and particulate concentrator is provided having greatly improved air cleaning efficiency as the dirty gas stream is subjected to two distinct skimming operations; one between the gas inlet scroll and the outlet tube and the other at the exit from the gas discharge scroll. The invention may further include means for increasing agglomeration of the particulate by increasing centrifugal separation in an inlet scroll, an outlet scroll and in the outlet tube from the shell or body of the cyclone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for separating components from a flog medium by means of centrifugal force. The flowing medium travels through two stages. In the first stage a spin is generated and in the second stage the actual material separation is accomplished in one or several separating devices by means of one or several whirling or eddy sources. The apparatus includes a spin generator housing and separator chambers, whereby spin conduits extend into the separator chambers toward exhaust pipes to such an extent that a spacing is provided between the spin conduit and the exhaust pipe. At least one exhaust suction is tangentially effective in the area of this spacing.

Abstract: A skimmer is secured to the top of a cyclone separator. The skimmer includes an outer cylinder forming an extension of the conventional air exhaust duct of the separator and an inner concentric cylinder terminating within the lower end of the outer cylinder. A specially constructed spiral directing wall means is secured within the space and directs the fine dust laden peripherial layer of the exhaust air through the outer peripheral portion of the exhaust duct for selective discharge into and from a discharge opening and duct means. A door is provided for the opening, and has a central pivot means to simultaneously open and close the reverse sides of the door. The cylinders define an annular space aligned with the peripherial layer of the upwardly moving air from the cyclone separator. The peripherial air layers move into and through the annular space into the discharge duct or back into the center of the center cylinder while the central relative clean air passes through the center cylinder for discharge.

Abstract: Apparatus for, and the method of, cleaning air, for engines and related uses, including an air cleaner with a body having a vertical axis and including a cylindrical wall, a solid top closure, and a bottom closure including an axial, reentrant, cleaned air outlet conduit defining with the wall a lower annular space, the wall being provided with a lateral scavenge outlet to the annular space below the upper end of the outlet conduit, with a plurality of inwardly formed spirally oriented peripheral ambient air inlet louvers spaced therearound above the upper end of the outlet conduit, and with a bleeder arrangement including a plurality of secondary ambient air inlet ports spaced around the wall above the louvers and adjacent the lid, the arrangement being designed for connection of the outlet conduit to the inlet of an engine, to enable air flow to the engine inwardly through the louvers and the bleeder means, and for connection of the scavenge outlet to aspirating apparatus such as an aspirator actuated by th

Abstract: Air quality control system scrubs flue gas of SO.sub.2 and particulates with a slurry of lime/limestone and water. The contact between the slurry is in a centrifugal section which is the upper part of a tank in which the chemical action is completed and from which the slurry is recirculated to the contact section. The gas to be scrubbed is inserted into a circular path within the scrubbing section into which the slurry is sprayed. The treated gas is withdrawn from the circular path in heat exchange relationship with the incoming gas.

Abstract: The inlet assembly is mounted within a separator vessel and comprises a housing similar in shape to that of a snail shell. This housing has a generally spiral side wall closed in by top and bottom end walls. A feed pipe delivers pressurized crude oil tangentially to the inner end of the spiral side wall so that it rotates outwardly, following the length of said wall, to an outlet communicating with the interior of the separator vessel. Gas is separated by centrifugation in the smaller radius central portion of the housing and then the liquid flow velocity is reduced by expansion of the stream in the larger radius outer portion. Improvements in gas separation and emulsion reduction have been observed from use of the assembly.

Abstract: A separator for removing sulfuric acid from a hot gas stream comprising a substantially cylindrical body having tangentially arranged inlet and outlet conduits to create a vortical flow path of the gas being treated, means being provided for adding cooling air to the gas, the inner surface of the body being provided with baffle means to cause a high degree of turbulence in the gases at the surface which is maintained at a temperature below that for condensation of sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A gaseous or liquid fluid to be centrifuged, for the purpose of purification or of separation of different phases, is conducted at high speed in a curved channel past a vortex chamber formed in one of the channel walls at the concave side thereof, this chamber being partly separated from the main fluid path by an overhanging sharp upstream edge and by a possibly rounded downstream edge which extend over the full width of the channel. A body of fluid whirling in this chamber develops a cylindrical core free from entrained solids, or from an accompanying heavier phase, which can be axially extracted from the chamber while the remaining fluid continues its flow through a reduced channel portion which may also be curved and provided with another vortex chamber to repeat the process. Entrained particles may be removed from the solid-enriched residual flow by way of end apertures along the periphery of the vortex chamber and/or at the convex side of the curved channel.

Abstract: An arrangement for improved energy recovery in the pure gas outlet of a centrifugal separator which includes a cylindrical centrifugal chamber with a coaxial raw gas inlet at one end and a coaxial pure gas outlet at the other end and which is equipped with tangential auxiliary gas inlets in the region of the periphery of the centrifugal chamber inclined at an angle with respect to the raw gas outlet with a particle outlet concentrically surrounding the raw gas inlet, in which the pure gas outlet is conically flared and opens with its larger end into a cylindrical, closed ring chamber which includes a cover plate opposite the open outlet tube. A radially extending plate of a diameter smaller than that of the cylindrical ring chamber is attached to the larger, open end of the conical outlet tube and an aerodynamic body in the shape of a circular cone protrudes from the cover plate into the opened conical outlet tube.

Abstract: A cyclonic gas cleaning system is described having an elongated rotary spray header mounted centrally of an elongated housing coextensive therewith. Gas circulates helically upward within the housing while the spray header rotates and sprays a scrubbing fluid into the gas.