Abstract: Method and apparatus for cleaning a gas for preventing the contamination of a surface of a substrate in a localized space are disclosed. A photocatalyst is provided in a selected area of the localized space and the photocatalyst, as it is illuminated with light, is contacted by the gas to be treated, whereby any noxious gases are removed from the treated gas. Alternatively, a unit apparatus composed of an ultraviolet radiation source, a photocatalyst, a photoelectron emitter and an electrode is installed in a selected area of the localized space and the gas to be treated is passed through the unit apparatus, whereby noxious gases and particulates are removed from the treated gas.

Abstract: An electrostatic bag filter unit is formed of a plurality of sections arranged in series. One section is a bag filter section containing a plurality of parallel elongated filter fabric bag elements extending across and traverse to a gas flow path therethrough and a plurality of grounded, electrically-conductive support frames, each support frame being internal to and supporting one of the filter fabric bag elements. Optionally, the bag filter section may further include a plurality of non-discharging electrodes disposed parallel to and interspersed among the filter fabric bag elements. A filter precharger section is located immediately upstream of and contiguous with the bag filter section and is formed of a linear array of alternating corona discharge electrodes and grounded electrodes arranged perpendicular to the gas flow path.

Abstract: A two-stage electrostatic separator for separating particles from a particle laden gas stream includes a pre-charging section and spaced-apart gas-permeable grounded and discharge electrodes charged at opposite polarities and defining a separating section between them, the grounded electrode being positioned upstream from the discharge electrode. The particles in the particle laden gas stream are pre-charged to a certain charge in the pre-charging section and penetrate through the grounded electrode into the separating section, where the particles are separated from the particle laden gas stream. As a result, a clean gas stream exits from the separating section through the discharge electrode, and the particles separated from the particle laden gas stream are partially collected on the grounded electrode, and partially are removed with a bleed flow which is recirculated. The electrodes may be of linear or cylindrical shape, and linear electrodes may be arranged in a "zig-zag" order.

Abstract: An electric dust collector that does not need an exhaust fan or special equipment for preventing dust from flying off. An incinerator is formed on a building, and a smokestack is raised so that it is integrated with the wall of the incinerator. The smokestack is formed from metallic sheeting and lined with refractories. A beam is installed over the smokestack. The beam is electrically insulated using insulatores. A discharge electrode is suspended form the beam at the center of the smokestack. The discharge electrode has many needle-like discharge pins almost in its lower half part. The negative pole of a DC high-voltage power supply is connected with the discharge electrode, while the positive pole is grounded and connected with the metallic sheeting constituting the smokestack.

Abstract: A process for the scrubbing of undesirable substances from an exhaust gas stream which comprises passing the stream through a hollow cathode.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator for removing fine particles from gas is described. The precipitator includes an array of dust collection pipes, each negatively charged and serving as an electrode. Each pipe has a pin-like positively charged discharge electrode centrally located within it. Mist-laden gas is caused to flow through the pipes and is electrostatically cleaned. A slit is formed in the pipes to permit some cleaned gas to be mixed with uncleaned gas and reintroduced into the pipes to reduce the density of the fine particles in the gas entering the pipes. The pipes may be vertically or horizontally arranged.

Abstract: An integrated lamp air purification and cleansing system is disclosed which includes a lamp body which supports a lamp and contains an air purification system. The lamp body includes an air inlet for drawing in air and an air outlet for blowing out the air. An air purification system is enclosed in the lamp body for filtering and cleaning the air flow drawn in from the air inlet whereby the air flow blown out from the air outlet is filtered and purified. The air purification system includes an activated charcoal filter and an electrostatic filter for filtering particles from the air flow. The electrostatic filtering device further includes many elongated channels each surrounded by conductive channel walls which allow the air flow to pass through. Each of the elongated channels includes a discharging needle located in a center portion of the channel which induces an electrical discharge and ionization in the air flow passing through.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitation system (100) utilizes laminar flow of a particulate-laden gas in order to enhance the removal of sub-micron sized particulates. The system incorporates a vertically oriented housing (105) through which the gas flows downwardly therethrough to a lower outlet port (110). The gas, which may be a flue gas enters the laminar flow precipitator (102) through an inlet port (108) for passage through a charging section (104). The charging section (104) imparts a charge to the particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gas and charged particles then flow to a collecting section (106) which is downstream and below the charging section (104). The collecting section (106) is formed by a plurality of substantially parallel tubular members, each tubular member defining a collecting passage therein.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning device is provided, which is simple in structure and offers good performance in the cleaning of exhaust gas from car engines. The cleaning device includes a conductive cylindrical body through which the exhaust gas passes. A shaft is installed at the center of the conductive cylindrical body. A set of blades is provided on the shaft acting as a fan for sucking the exhaust gas in and out of the conductive cylindrical body. A scraping knife is provided also on the shaft. A static-electric generator having one pole connected to the cylindrical body and the other pole connected to the shaft is used to create an electric field between the cylindrical body and the shaft that ionizes smoke particles in the exhaust gas and deposits them on the inner wall of the cylindrical body. A collecting chamber is provided in communication with the inside of the cylindrical body for collecting deposition of smoke particles scraped by the scraping knife off the inner wall of the cylindrical body.

Abstract: An electrostatic separator is described which includes honeycomb collecting electrodes, which consist of star-shaped elements, wherein each star-shaped element consists of three wall parts (1, 2, 3), which are centrally joined and extend at an angle of 120.degree. to each other, at least one tube section (1', 2', 3', 5', 6') extends along the outer edge of each wall part, the tube sections (2', 5', 6') of any two adjacent star-shaped elements are arranged one over the other and adjacent star-shaped elements are connectted by a connecting rod (4), which extends in the tube sections (1', 2', 3', 5', 6') of at least two adjacent star-shaped elements.

Abstract: The invention describes a device for transporting materials which has at least a first pipe (I) and a second pipe (II), each having a six-cornered, honeycomb-shaped flow cross section, the first pipe (I) having at least two first wall parts (1) which are not arranged adjacent to one another and whose longitudinal edges (1') are arranged at a first distance (a) from the connection point (3) between the first wall part (1) and the adjacent second wall part (2), which connection point (3) is nearest to the longitudinal edge (1'). Plate-shaped brackets (4) are arranged at the sides of the first wall parts (1) remote of the materials to be transported at a second distance (c) from the nearest longitudinal edge (1'). The angle (.alpha.) of inclination between the plane of the bracket (4) and the plane of the first wall part (1) is 60.degree., and the second pipe (II) has at least one corresponding first wall part (1) which is arranged parallel to the second wall part (2) of the first pipe (I).

Abstract: The apparatus for dedusting a gas by electrostatic precipitation includes an advantageously steel housing and a plurality of discharge electrodes and collecting electrodes arranged in the housing. Each of the electrodes is made of a ceramic material and has an electrically conducting layer on at least one side thereof. The electrically conducting layer consists of a copper, nickel, bronze or iron-chromium-nickel alloy layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 2 mm. The ceramic material has a porosity of 25 to 90%, consists of fibers compacted with an inorganic binder and contains 30 to 70% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 15 to 50% by weight SiO.sub.2 and 1 to 10% by weight of the inorganic binder. The discharge and collecting electrodes can be plates with a wall thickness of 5 to 100 mm. The discharge electrodes alternatively are tubular and have a wall thickness of 5 to 30 mm and a diameter of 30 to 100 mm.

Abstract: An improved electrostatic fluid filter is disclosed which is particularly useful in high performance clean rooms for the semiconductor industry. The electrostatic fluid filter is tubular in design and has an inlet port for supplying fluid (e.g., liquid, air) to be filtered and an output port from which relatively pure fluid flows. The filter includes a high voltage conductor which is disposed along the axis of the tube and which is surrounded by a ridged polytetrafluoroethylene insulator. Fluid is directed along the length of the filter parallel to the conductor. Contaminating particles in the fluid are transformed into electrical dipoles and are attached to the high voltage conductor.

Abstract: A device for the removal of solid particles, particularly soot particles, from exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine includes an electrofilter comprised of a plurality of parallel filter tubes each having a separator tube connected to a positive terminal of a high voltage source and a corona discharge electrode connected to a negative terminal of the high voltage source, and a centrifugal separator formed as a multi-cyclone the cyclones of which are arranged in an axial extension of the electrofilter and are connected to the same.

Abstract: An apparatus for extraction of water droplets from air includes a corona array including an array of conductive pointed needles with a high voltage thereon adjacent to a grounded conductive collector. Water droplets are exposed to a strong electrostatic field gradient, causing water droplets in incoming air to rotate and move along the electric field gradient lines toward the shanks of the needles and coalesce thereon, forming larger droplets. The droplets move under the influence of an increasing field gradient toward the needle points, acquiring electrostatic charge from the needle. The droplets eventually are repelled from the needles, when electrostatic repulsion forces on the droplets exceed adhesion forces that decrease as the droplets increase in size during their migration. The repulsed droplets move under the influence of electric field to the collector. The resulting liquid accumulating on the collector is removed to reduce re-evaporation into the air.

Abstract: An electro-inertial precipitator unit for removing particulate contaminants from a gaseous stream passing through a collector tube having a discharge electrode coaxially disposed therein to establish an electrostatic field between the electrode and a downwardly-flowing water film on the inner surface of the tube. The gaseous stream is introduced tangentially into an upper inlet section of the tube to impart a swirling motion thereto, the water being supplied to an annular inlet slot just below the gas inlet section. Because of the centrifugal force generated by the cyclonic motion, the particles in the gaseous stream are urged to migrate toward the water film, this migration being further promoted by the electrostatic force acting on the particles which are charged with ions in the field. Air is blown over the surface of the upper lip of the water inlet slot to prevent wetting of this surface and the deposition of dust therein.

Abstract: This invention relates to the part of a tubular electrostatic precipitator for a vertical gas flow, comprising a bank of circular cylindrical collecting electrodes of plastic material, at least one upper tube sheet, at least one lower tube sheet, and a cylindrical housing. The housing consists of a steel shell, which is provided with an acid-resisting coating at least on its inside surface, the tube sheets consist of plastic meterial, the circular cylindrical collecting electrodes are fixed by welding in the upper tube sheet, and the entire free space which is available between the tube sheets outside the collecting electrodes is filled with foamed plastic material as far as to the inside surface of the housing.

Abstract: An electro-inertial precipitator unit for removing particulate contaminants from a gaseous stream passing through a collector tube having a discharge electrode coaxially disposed therein to establish an electrostatic field between the electrode and a downwardly-flowing liquid film on the inner surface of the tube. The gaseous stream is introduced tangentially into an upper inlet section of the tube to impart a swirling motion thereto, the liquid being supplied to an annular inlet slot just below the gas inlet section. Because of the centrifugal force generated by the cyclonic motion, the particles in the gaseous stream are urged to migrate toward the liquid film, this migration being further promoted by the electrostatic force acting on the particles which are charged with ions in the field. To avoid wetting of the inlet section, thereby causing dust to deposit thereon, this inlet section is provided with a hydrophobic surface in the region above the inlet slot.

Abstract: An electro-inertial precipitator unit for removing particulate contaminants from a gaseous stream passing through a collector tube having a discharge electrode coaxially disposed therein to establish an electrostatic field between the electrode and a downwardly-flowing liquid film on the inner surface of the tube. The gaseous stream is introduced tangentially into an upper inlet section of the tube to impart a swirling motion thereto, the liquid being supplied to an annular inlet slot just below the gas inlet section. Because of the centrifugal force generated by the swirling motion, the particles in the gaseous stream are urged to migrate toward the liquid film, this migration being further promoted by the electrostatic force acting on the particles which are charged with ions in the field. To avoid the formation of dust streaks on the inner surface of the tube, which tend to occur with relatively low liquid flow rates, the gaseous stream flowing therethrough is pulsed.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrically operable dust collector comprises a corrosion-resistant rigid frame, which has a relatively small coefficient of expansion, and a flexible conductive sheet secured under stress to the frame, and including a fiber cloth device, and a flexible material device coating the fiber cloth device; one of the devices is predominantly conductive, the other of the devices is substantially nonconductive.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a base for supporting hollow cylindrical and circular in cross section collector electrodes for an electrostatic precipitator. The base comprises a central portion and is generally circular; a plurality of arcuate venturi and collector trough assemblies which are generally circular and which intersect radially disposed drain troughs; said venturi and collector trough assemblies being concentric with said center portion of said base and drain troughs extending radially outward from said center portion; a circular wall structure secured to outer ends of said drain troughs; fixture means for securing said collector electrodes on said drain troughs; uppermost portions of said drain troughs and said venturi and collector troughs being substantially flush with each other and said venturi and collector trough assemblies disposed on a common plane to provide for uniform laminar flow relative to the collector electrodes.

Abstract: The overall effective volume of a horizontal gas flow electrostatic precipitator is divided into at least four electrostatic field units arranged in stages, there being at least upper and lower vertically aligned stages, the precipitator having a dust exit bunker which receives dust collected in each of the upper and lower stages. Below the collector electrodes of the upper stage are collection pockets which communicate with the dust exit bunker through downwardly extending dust passages located in the lower stage. These passages are internal passages within hollow collector electrodes of the lower stage. The electrostatic field units are, independently of one another, each connected to a respective separate controllable power supply means so that it is possible to generate, in each respective stage, a separate controllable high voltage.

Abstract: A flow preconditioner for an electrostatic precipitator which removes particulate matter from a stream of polluted gas immediately after it passes through a tangential inlet at the lower end of a vertical cylindrical housing and straightens and divides the stream into laminations parallel to the axis of the housing. It comprises an annular ledge or choke ring extending inwardly from said housing above the inlet and an assembly of vanes above said ledge extending radially from the axis of the housing and angularly spaced apart. Each of said vanes has a flow receiving edge directed toward said inlet, a curved portion extending upwardly and away from said inlet, and a flat portion extending upwardly from said curved portion in a plane parallel to the housing axis.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator is provided utilizing an improved material for the collecting electrodes and other elements of the precipitator. The new material is a fiberglass reinforced resin with a conductive and corrosion-resistant surface layer consisting of resin containing graphite powder and one or more veils, or thin mats, of graphite at or near the surface. A relatively highly conductive, corrosion-resistant surface layer is thus provided for the electrodes while the material is also a suitable structural material for other parts of the precipitator such as the casing. Tube sheets and supports for tubular collecting electrodes may also be made of this material with provision for grounding the electrode surfaces at both the top and bottom of the tubes.

Abstract: A process for producing a honeycomb of synthetic-resin material for use as the collector electrode of an electrostatic precipitator comprises assembling the honeycomb from plate strips having the cross section of sheet piling and made by hot molding from unsaturated polyester resins, glass fibers and nonwoven external covering fabrics of synthetic fiber. The honeycomb structure, which has a hexagonal ducts, is then provided with a shell of glass fiber and polyester resin by a winding operation. Conductive pigments, such as carbon and metal oxides, and flame-inhibiting additives can be incorporated in the unsaturated polyester resin.

Abstract: Treatment of fluid polluted with solid particles, for instance, from a dust removal or washing process, by pretreating the fluid to agglomerate the particles, then whirling the fluid to centrifugally concentrate the particles in a first fraction of the fluid and thereby substantially purifying a second fraction thereof, filtering the first fraction to recover the solid particles, collecting the particles and recirculating the purified fluid in the particle removal or washing process, the above treatment being carried out by apparatus having particular utility where the fluid is a liquid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating particulate matter from a gas stream wherein dirty gas is moved through an electrostatic charging zone such as an electrostatic precipitator and then is moved through a filter of foraminous material such as a fabric filter of the bag type. The filter is in fluid communication with the charging zone and electrically insulated therefrom. Collected particulate material on surfaces of the charging zone or precipitator and on the filter is removed by introducing a controlled quantity of high pressure gas at predetermined times adjacent the outlet of the charging zone or precipitator and in a direction toward the inlet thereof in a manner inducing a substantial flow of the cleaned gas through the apparatus in a reverse direction.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant electrostatic precipitator has an array of tubular collector electrodes with a cylindrical casing, the tubular collector electrodes and casing each having a surface resistivity of the order 10.sup.6 ohms. The walls of the collector tubes, in preferred form, are a lamina comprising, in order from the inner surface outwardly, an innermost resin impregnated with graphite followed by a conductive metal mesh, another layer of resin impregnated with graphite, a fiberglass veil (corrosion resistant barrier), a layer of fiberglass mat, a layer of fiberglass roving, another layer of fiberglass mat, another layer of fiberglass roving, and finally an outer layer of fiberglass mat. The wall of the cylindrical casing is also a lamina whose make-up is generally similar but not identical to the walls of the collector tubes. Means are provided for grounding the conductive metal mesh which is embedded in the collector walls and in the casing wall.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an insulator means for electrostatic precipitators wherein a column is centrally supported on a base structure above which a plurality of concentric generally cylindrical and circular in cross section discharge electrodes are electrically coupled to and suspended from radially disposed arms supported on said column; said discharge electrodes being adapted to operate between respectively circular in cross section collector electrodes; said arms being supported on said column by means of a hollow insulator having a bore therethrough and a high voltage conductor extends upwardly through said bore of said hollow insulator; said conductor being electrically coupled with said arms; and grease like dielectric material packed in said bore of said insulator and surrounding said conductor therein; and a sheath surrounding said conductor and disposed between said conductor and said grease like dielectric material; the disclosure also relating to means for mechanically coupling said insulator to

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator which operates on the principle of mutual repulsion of charged particles to a grounded wall. The solid particle laden gas stream enters a collecting section where additional particles in the form of droplets, normally water, are injected in the form of a fine spray into the solid particle laden gas stream. The solid particles and the additional particles are electrostatically charged either by conventional corona or by injecting the droplets from a charged nozzle and as the charged particles pass through the grounded section of the precipitator, a fraction of the water particles and solids are forced to the grounded wall by electric fields created by the space charge. Precipitated solid particles are entrained in the coalesced water which runs down the walls and is drained from the precipitator. Several stages of precipitation may be used or alternatively, methods such as continuously injecting additional particles into the collector along its length.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an electrostatic precipitator for removal of corrosive particles from a corrosive laden gas passing therethrough. The electrostatic precipitator comprises a shell having a corrosive resistant lining secured thereto. A corrosive resistant support plate is secured to the shell of the precipitator and first and second sets of juxtaposed corrosive resistant collector electrode tubes are suspended from the support plate. A corrosive resistant top support grid is spaced above the support plate and insulated from the shell and a corrosive resistant bottom guide grid is spaced below the first and second sets of collector electrode tubes. A plurality of corrosive resistant discharge wires are secured between the top support grid and the bottom guide grid and pass substantially through the center of the tubes in the first set.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to collector electrodes for electrostatic precipitators and particularly to generally annular in cross section hollow cylindrical collector electrodes having a pair of spaced concentric wall structures with a filler means disposed therebetween, the filler means being a lightweight filler means and hermetically sealed in and between said wall structures. The disclosure also relating to fixture means in the lower ends of the hollow cylindrical collector electrodes, the fixture means comprising internally screw threaded openings in blocks secured or fixed to the lower ends of the collector electrode so as to provide for the use of screw threaded bolts for securing the lower ends of the collector electrode structures in juxtaposition. The disclosure also relating to modifications and/or various species of the lightweight filler means between the inner and outer walls of the collector electrode.

Abstract: An electrostatic filter for separating particles suspended in air has an electrically conducting elongate separation tube and an elongate electrode within the tube connected to a high-voltage direct current source to produce an electric charge current from the electrode to the tube. The tube has air-inlet openings distributed over the surface thereof and is covered with a layer of air-permeable material. The layer of air-permeable material is dimensioned and said air-inlet openings are dimensioned and spaced over the surface of the separation tube to to provide an air resistance such that substantially the same pressure drop of the air passing through the layer and the air-inlet openings to the interior of the separation tube along the whole length of the separation tube covered by the layer is created.