Abstract: This invention relates to an improved hydrolysis process for the preparation of dicarboxylic acids in which an organic phase comprising triglycerides of carboxylic acids having more than one acid functional group and a mixture comprising dicarboxylic acids, glycerine and partial esters of glycerine are mixed with water and hydrolysed at temperatures of between 50 and 350° C., and at pressures of or above the equilibrium vapor pressure. This process makes it possible to obtain high hydrolysis yields, even in short times.

Abstract: Disclosed are aliphatic-aromatic biodegradable polyesters obtained from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, polyfunctional aromatic acids of renewable origin and particularly 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, and diols. Also disclosed are blends of the polyesters with other biodegradable polymers of either natural or synthetic origin. The polyesters have properties and viscosity values that make them suitable, after adjusting their molecular weight, for use in numerous practical applications such as films, injection molded products, extrusion coatings, fibers, foams, thermoformed products, extruded profiles and sheets, extrusion blow molding, injection blow molding, rotomolding, stretch blow molding.

Abstract: Methods of making azelaic acid, or derivatives thereof, from unsaturated monobasic acids or esters are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the unsaturated monobasic acids or esters are C10-17 unsaturated monobasic acids or esters.

Abstract: A process for preparing sebacic acid by reacting in a first step (i) linoleic acid with water catalyzed by an oleate hydratase to form 10-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid, in a second step (ii) pyrolysing the 10-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid to 1-octene and 10-oxo-decanoic acid and in a third step (iii) oxidizing the 10-oxo-decanoic acid to sebacic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a powder of polyamide PA (homopolyamide or copolyamide) derived at least partially from renewable materials, in which the particles have a nonspherical shape and a volume median diameter of less than or equal to 20 ?m. The present invention also relates to a process for preparing such a powder.

Abstract: Provided are processes for the oxidative cleavage of a double bond in an unsaturated carboxylic acid. The process includes contacting the unsaturated carboxylic acid with a mild oxidizing agent and agitating the unsaturated carboxylic acid and the mild oxidizing agent for a time sufficient to cleave a double bond of the unsaturated carboxylic acid and produce a product comprising an aldehyde. The process is typically carried out in a mill, such as a ball, hammer, attrition, or jet mill.

Abstract: A dialysate regeneration chamber is provided. In one embodiment, the dialysate regeneration chamber may include a toxin trap configured to selectively trap toxins and repel select cations. In another embodiment, generating a toxin trap may include oxidizing an activated carbon fiber and attaching a fatty acid to the oxidized activated carbon fiber to generate an ion-selective barrier, wherein the fatty acid extends away from the activated carbon fiber.

Abstract: Methods to convert unsaturated fatty acids derived from biobased oils to highly functionalized esters, ester polyols, amides, and amide polyols. The products can be used to make polyurethane and polyester films and foams.

Abstract: There is described a continuous process for the oxidative cleavage of derivatives of unsaturated carboxylic acids for the production of saturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives comprising the steps of: a) feeding to a first reactor at least a derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, an oxidizing compound and a catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of the olefinic double bond to obtain an intermediate compound containing vicinal diols, and of b) feeding to a second reactor said intermediate compound, a compound containing oxygen and a catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of the vicinal diols to carboxylic groups, to obtain saturated monocarboxylic acids (i) and derivatives of saturated carboxylic acids with more than one acid function (ii); c) separating the saturated monocarboxylic acids (i) from the derivatives of carboxylic acids having more than one acid function (ii).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and improved synthesis of peretinoin.

Abstract: There is described a continuous process for the oxidative cleavage of vegetable oils containing triglycerides of unsaturated carboxylic acids, for the obtainment of saturated carboxylic acids, comprising the steps of: a) feeding to a first continuous reactor at least a vegetable oil, an oxidizing compound and a catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of the olefinic double bond to obtain an intermediate compound containing vicinal diols, and of b) feeding to a second continuous reactor said intermediate compound, a compound containing oxygen and a catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of the vicinal diols to carboxylic groups, to obtain saturated monocarboxylic acids (i) and triglycerides containing saturated carboxylic acids with more than one acid function (ii); c) separating the saturated monocarboxylic acids (i) from the triglycerides having more than one acid function (ii).

Abstract: The invention is related to a process for production of lignoceric acid from mixtures of long-chain aliphatic alcohols that contain lignoceric alcohol, wherein the process consists in oxidizing the mixture in a biphasic catalytic system using quaternary ammonium peroxotungstophosphate as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant, followed by several physical or chemical unitary steps to separate and purify the lignoceric acid.

Abstract: Provided are processes for the oxidative cleavage of a double bond in an unsaturated carboxylic acid. The process includes contacting the unsaturated carboxylic acid with a mild oxidizing agent and agitating the unsaturated carboxylic acid and the mild oxidizing agent for a time sufficient to cleave a double bond of the unsaturated carboxylic acid and produce a product comprising an aldehyde. The process is typically carried out in a mill, such as a ball, hammer, attrition, or jet mill.

Abstract: Process for the production of saturated monocarboxylic acids and triglycerides of saturated carboxylic acids having more than one acid function starting from non-modified vegetable oils containing triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids, comprising the oxidative cleavage of the unsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and improved synthesis of peretinoin.

Abstract: A method and system for producing dispersed waxes, including a high shear mechanical device. In one embodiment, the method comprises forming a dispersion of wax globules in a carrier liquid in a high shear device prior to implementation in a waxy product. In another instance the system for producing waxy products comprises a high shear device for dispersing wax in a carrier liquid.

Abstract: Simple, economical preparative processes for the provision of pure hydroxyl functional materials derived by converting unsaturated molecules found in animal fats into hydroxyl groups are presented herein. The hydroxylated animal fats can be reacted with isocyanates to form polyurethane articles.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of synthesizing omega-3 and omega-6 very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs, C28-C42:4, 5 and 6), analogs and derivatives thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing these isolated VLC-PUFA compounds and therapeutic uses therefor.

Abstract: Provided are compositions, processes for making, and processes for using triglycerides as plasticizers. Triglyceride plasticizers can be produced by recovery of linear or branched C4 to C10 aldehydes from a hydroformylation product, oxidation to the acid with oxygen and/or air, recovery of the resulting acid, and esterification with glycerol, wherein the total carbon number of the triester groups is from 20 to 25 for greater than or equal to 45 wt % of the plasticizer. Such plasticizers can be phthalate-free and provide outstanding properties including a suitable melting or glass transition or pour point, low volatility, increased compatibility, and excellent low temperature properties in a range of polymeric resins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synthesizing 9-aminononanoic acid or the esters thereof from natural unsaturated fatty acids, comprising at least one step of metathesis of the natural fatty acid and an oxidation step by oxidative cleaving. Said synthetic method uses widely available renewable starting materials and hence economical.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an organic reactive intermediate that contains a combination of epoxy groups, hydroxy groups and unsaturated groups wherein the process can be utilized to control the amounts of each of the functional groups in the final product. The reactive intermediates are prepared from natural triglyceride plant and animal oils containing unsaturation.

Abstract: There is described a continuous process for the oxidative cleavage of derivatives of unsaturated carboxylic acids for the production of saturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives comprising the steps of: a) feeding to a first reactor at least a derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, an oxidizing compound and a catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of the olefinic double bond to obtain an intermediate compound containing vicinal diols, and of b) feeding to a second reactor said intermediate compound, a compound containing oxygen and a catalyst capable of catalyzing the oxidation reaction of the vicinal diols to carboxylic groups, to obtain saturated monocarboxylic acids (i) and derivatives of saturated carboxylic acids with more than one acid function (ii); c) separating the saturated monocarboxylic acids (i) from the derivatives of carboxylic acids having more than one acid function (ii).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing fatty acid alkyl esters from fats/oils and a C1 to C5 lower alcohol as reaction starting materials with a solid catalyst, wherein the starting materials and reaction products in a reaction system where the degree of conversion of fats/oils is 50 mol % or more are reacted in such a state as to be in one-liquid phase, or the starting materials and reaction products in a reaction system at a stage with the highest degree of conversion of fats/oils are reacted in such a state as to be in one-liquid phase.

Abstract: Process for the production of saturated monocarboxylic acids and triglycerides of saturated carboxylic acids having more than one acid functionstarting from non-modified vegetable oils containing triglycerides of unsaturated fattyacids, comprising the oxidative cleavage of the unsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: Methods to convert biobased oils, oil derivatives, and modified oils to highly functionalized esters, ester polyols, amides, and amide polyols. The products can be used to make polyurethane and polyester films and foams.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing polyols, comprising the steps of a) reacting unsaturated natural fats, unsaturated natural fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters with dinitrogen monoxide, b) reacting the product obtained in step a) with hydrogen using a heterogeneous catalyst.

Abstract: A dialysate regeneration chamber is provided. In one embodiment, the dialysate regeneration chamber may include a toxin trap configured to selectively trap toxins and repel select cations.

Abstract: Methods to convert unsaturated fatty acids derived from biobased oils to highly functionalized esters, ester polyols, amides, and amide polyols. The products can be used to make polyurethane and polyester films and foams.

Abstract: Methods to convert biobased oils, oil derivatives, and modified oils to highly functionalized esters, ester polyols, amides, and amide polyols. The products can be used to make polyurethane and polyester films and foams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing fatty acid alkyl esters from fats/oils and a C1 to C5 lower alcohol as reaction starting materials with a solid catalyst, wherein the starting materials and reaction products in a reaction system where the degree of conversion of fats/oils is 50 mol % or more are reacted in such a state as to be in one-liquid phase, or the starting materials and reaction products in a reaction system at a stage with the highest degree of conversion of fats/oils are reacted in such a state as to be in one-liquid phase.

Abstract: Provided are compositions, processes for making, and processes for using triglycerides as plasticizers. Triglyceride plasticizers can be produced by recovery of linear or branched C4 to C10 aldehydes from a hydroformylation product, oxidation to the acid with oxygen and/or air, recovery of the resulting acid, and esterification with glycerol, wherein the total carbon number of the triester groups is from 20 to 25 for greater than or equal to 45 wt % of the plasticizer. Such plasticizers can be phthalate-free and provide outstanding properties including a suitable melting or glass transition or pour point, low volatility, increased compatibility, and excellent low temperature properties in a range of polymeric resins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for producing hydroxy fatty acids preferably dihydroxy or polyhydroxy acids from unsaturated fatty acids derived from natural oils and fats. The unsaturated fatty acids extracted from natural vegetable oils or animal fats preferably palm-based oleic acid is hydroxylated or oxidized by peracetic acid which formed in situ from a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The process for producing dihydroxy or polyhydroxy fatty acids according to the present invention involve less cost, easier to perform and reduced reaction time. In addition, the dihydroxy or polyhydroxy acids produced according to the present invention is non irritant and suitable to be used in production of cosmetic products.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing alkyl fatty esters from fats/oils and C1 to C5 lower alcohols by a multistage reaction process, which includes feeding fats and oils to a reactor at an upper stage and then sent to a stage at the downstream side while feeding lower alcohols to a reactor at a lower stage, and simultaneously returning lower alcohols recovered from an outlet of the reactor to a stage at the upstream side, thereby repeating the reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for making a peroxycarboxylic acid. The apparatus includes a reaction catalyst and a guard column for pretreating one or more reagents, which can increase the life, activity, and/or safety of the reaction catalyst. The peroxycarboxylic acid compositions made by the method and apparatus can include one or more peroxycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising: taking polyoxyethylated castor oil which if diluted 1:10 in water has a pH greater than 5 and aging the polyoxyethylated castor oil by exposing the polyoxyethylated castor oil to a gas comprising oxygen for a period of time, the exposure to the gas over the period of time causing an acidity of the polyoxyethylated castor oil to increase; and forming a pharmaceutical composition comprising the aged polyoxyethylated castor oil and a pharmaceutically active agent such as paclitaxel; wherein at least 80% of the potency of the pharmaceutically active agent is retained by the pharmaceutical composition after the pharmaceutical composition is stored for at least 7 days at 40° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing aliphatic carboxylic acids from aldehydes by means of oxidation with oxygen or gases containing oxygen. This novel process is carried out in at least two stages at different temperatures, preferably in the absence of catalysts.

Abstract: Polymethylolalkanoic or monomethylolalkanoic acids of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-catalysed method for the synthesis of straight-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids by oxidation of straight-chain aldehydes with oxygen-containing gas mixtures. The invention is characterised in that during the novel process of oxidation branched aldehydes are present in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising: taking polyoxyethylated castor oil which if diluted 1:10 in water has a pH greater than 5 and aging the polyoxyethylated castor oil by exposing the polyoxyethylated castor oil to a gas comprising oxygen for a period of time, the exposure to the gas over the period of time causing an acidity of the polyoxyethylated castor oil to increase; and forming a pharmaceutical composition comprising the aged polyoxyethylated castor oil and a pharmaceutically active agent such as paclitaxel; wherein at least 80% of the potency of the pharmaceutically active agent is retained by the pharmaceutical composition after the pharmaceutical composition is stored for at least 7 days at 40° C.

Abstract: A process for carrying out a multi-phase reaction in a continuously operated tube reactor operated according to the counter current principle in which reactor components of a liquid phase flowing downwards as a thin film in said tube reactor and components of a continuous gas flowing upward in said tube reactor are brought to material transfer, or reaction respectively. The gas phase is pulsed, by repeated temporary pressure lowering at the gas entry into said tube reactor and/or repeated temporary pressure increase at the gas exit from said tube reactor, to counteract film thickness growth and liquid phase stagnation.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by: contacting with a liquid contact member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide to form a contact mixture; recovering insoluble material from the contact mixture; calcining the recovered insoluble material in a non-oxidizing atmosphere; admixing the calcined recovered insoluble material with (i) at least one promoter element or compound thereof and (ii) at least one solvent for the at least one promoter element or compound thereof; removing the at least one solvent to form a catalyst precursor; and calcining the catalyst precursor.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of perfluorocarboxylic acids of the formula RF—COOH, salts thereof and esters thereof from perfluoroalkyl iodides of the formula RF′—I, in which RF and RF′ are cyclic, branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated perfluoroalkyl radicals, by activating the perfluoroalkyl iodides in the presence of oxygen and in organic solvents.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an improved process for obtaining oleochemical polyols from oils, principally of a vegetable origin. The polyols obtained consist of a mixture of ethers, esters, primary and secondary alcohols and have the characteristic of being self-compatible with the new blowing agents: hydrochlorofluorocarbons, HCFC's, hydrofluorocarbons, HFC's and hydrocarbons, HC's of a low molecular weight and low boiling point. The process of this invention is characterized because it uses Lewis type acids in such a way that they do not form precipitates and therefore it is not necessary to remove precipitates from the polyol. The process of the present invention makes it possible to obtain polyols with high functionality and controlled reactivity. These characteristics render the product suitable for use as a raw material in the production process of rigid foams, such as polyurethane for spraying, refrigeration and imitation wood, coatings, among others.

Abstract: 4-Methyl-4-(4-mlthylpent-3-en-1-yl)-2-oxetanone of formula (1): or its oligomer is an intermediate product for the preparation of a series of geranic acid derivatives, which are important synthetic building blocks in the preparation of perfumes and fragrances.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an oil that is rich in hydroxyoctadecadienoic(HODE) fatty acids or the esters thereof. According to the inventive method, controlled oxidation of the linoleic acid and/or the linolenic acid or the esters thereof is performed in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. The oxidation is terminated when the HODE content or total ester content is more than 5 % and/or the 9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic(9-HODE) acid isomer or ester content is more than 1.5 % and reduction occurs for the hydroperoxides formed during the oxidation reaction by a reducer. The invention can be used as a medicament, food supplement or cosmetic.

Abstract: Pure azelaic acid is obtained by working up a reaction mixture containing C.sub.1-18 monocarboxylic acids, mainly pelargonic acid, and C.sub.4-16 dicarboxylic acids, mainly azelaic acid, obtained from the ozonolysis of oleic acid or a starting mixture containing oleic acid. All but <2% by weight of the monocarboxylic acids and part of the dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of <C.sub.9 and >C.sub.9 are separated off to obtain a prepurified product containing more than 75% by weight of oleic acid and the prepurified product is concentrated to more than 90% by weight of oleic acid in several process steps. In a first process step (1), the dicarboxylic acids with chain lengths of <C.sub.9 present in the prepurified product are removed as first runnings by fractional distillation. In a second process step (2), the bottom product obtained is reacted with water to split carboxylic anhydrides present in the bottom product.

Abstract: A process for producing a cleaved product from castor oil, or derivatives thereof, by high temperature caustic oxidation reaction accomplished by combining at least one chemically inert heat transfer fluid, a catalyst, and an alkali in aqueous solution to form a first mixture wherein the diluent is present in an amount sufficient to reduce foaming and solidification of the mixture while increasing the yield and improving the purity and adding a ricinic compound to the first mixture to form a second mixture. The temperature of the second mixture is raised to a level sufficient to conduct pyrolysis, and the cleaved product produced thereby is recovered by adding an acid to the reaction mixture in an amount sufficient to acidify the reaction mixture down below a pH of about 6. The invention further relates to the reaction mixture used to produce the cleaved products.

Abstract: A method for preparing a carboxylic acid is provided. The method includes contacting an olefinic compound or a vicinal dihydroxy compound with oxygen in the presence of a protic organic solvent, an inorganic oxide catalyst and a peroxidant such as hydrogen peroxide or an peralkanoic acid. The inorganic oxide catalyst includes an oxide of tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, tantalum, titanium, or yttrium.

Abstract: A process for producing an omega-functionalized aliphatic carboxylic acid starting from cyclohexanone and omega-functionalized .alpha.-olefins or acrylic esters. The process comprises an addition step, an oxidation step, an isomerization step, and one or more hydrogenation steps. The process allows to use raw materials that are available at low cost and to achieve high selectivity and high yield with industrially simple steps. The process includes the production of new intermediate products, including 2-oxepanone-7-substituted products.