Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of formula II or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula II; and methods for treating or preventing multiple sclerosis may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation of glycerol esters (triglycerides) of medium-chain length monocarboxylic fatty acids which consists of the reaction of the precursor free fatty acid and glycerol in the presence of a catalyst under partial vacuum. The process preferably uses a metal catalyst such as an oxide or a chloride of tungsten, molybdenum, calcium, zinc, chromium or magnesium. The method of the invention allows the preparation in high yield and high purity (>99.5%) of the final triglyceride. The present method allows the formation of triglycerides without solvent. Are also contemplated, the triglyceride obtained by the method, and the pharmaceutical composition containing the triglyceride as an excipient or as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An aldehyde composition derived by hydroformylation of a transesterified seed oil and containing a mixture of formyl-substituted fatty acids or fatty acid esters having the following composition by weight: greater than about 10 to less than about 95 percent monoformyl, greater than about 1 to less than about 65 percent diformyl, and greater than about 0.1 to less than about 10 percent triformyl-substituted fatty acids or fatty acid esters, and having a diformyl to triformyl weight ratio of greater than about 5/1; preferably, greater than about 3 to less than about 20 percent saturates; and preferably, greater than about 1 to less than about 20 percent unsaturates.

Abstract: An aldehyde composition derived by hydroformylation of a transesterified seed oil and containing a mixture of formyl-substituted fatty acids or fatty acid esters having the following composition by weight: greater than about 10 to less than about 95 percent monoformyl, greater than about 1 to less than about 65 percent diformyl, and greater than about 0.1 to less than about 10 percent triformyl-substituted fatty acids or fatty acid esters, and having a diformyl to triformyl weight ratio of greater than about 5/1; preferably, greater than about 3 to less than about 20 percent saturates; and preferably, greater than about 1 to less than about 20 percent unsaturates.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), in which R1 is C1-C4alkyl, C6-C10aryi or C7-C11, aralkyl, R2 is an open-chain or cyclic secondary amino group, and R is a radical of the formula in which R3 is C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, and R4 is H, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, are ligands for metal complexes as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts for prochiral organic compounds containing double bonds, by means of which a very high activity and productivity and also enantioselectivity can be achieved

Abstract: Naturally occurring fats, oils and fatty derivatives are continuously hydrogenated to fatty alcohols in a fixed-bed reactor in the presence of hydrogen in excess and hydrogenation catalysts under static pressures of 50 to 300 bar and at temperatures of 160 to 320° C. The liquid product is cooled and the excess hydrogen is returned to the reactor entrance by a gas circulation pump as a recycle gas after separation of the liquid product. The expense involved in cooling and reheating the recycle gas is eliminated without any reduction in the quality of the fatty alcohol produced providing the recycle gas is returned to the reactor entrance without reheating and the hydrogenation reaction is carried out under static pressures of at least 200 bar.

Abstract: A novel process in which an optically active alcohol compound having a desired absolute configuration and a high optical purity can be obtained by asymmetrically hydrogenating a &bgr;-keto acid compound through a simple operation. An optically active alcohol represented by general formula (III) as defined is obtained by asymmetrically hydrogenating a &bgr;-keto ester compound represented by general formula (I) as defined in the presence of at least one ruthenium complex having as a ligand an optically active tertiary diphosphine compound represented by general formula (II) as defined.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing hydroxycarboxylic acid esters easily, further at a high reaction selectivity, by using an inexpensive catalyst. That is, the present invention provides a process for producing hydroxycarboxylic acid esters, which comprises hydrogenating dicarboxylic acid diesters having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the dicarboxylic acid moiety in the presence of a copper catalyst comprising 1 to 40% by weight of copper as copper oxides.

Abstract: The use of the ligands and complexes of general formula I and II for catalytic, enantioselective hydrogenation.

Abstract: A typical traditional reactor for hydrogenation consists of a tank filled with a liquid and a gas and a small particle catalyst. The reaction is carried out at high pressures and high temperatures. Lack of gas on the catalyst surface limits the velocity of reaction. Much work has been done to increase the quantity of gas on the catalyst. It has not been possible to solve this problem effectively with the techniques of today. According to the invention an extra solvent is added to the reaction mixture. By bringing the whole mixture (solvent, substrate, hydrogen and reaction products) to super-critical or near-critical state, a substantially homogeneous mixture can be obtained. By this method it is possible to control the concentration of gas on the catalyst to the desired level. The velocity of reaction is thereby increased considerably. The hydrogenation reactions principally involved comprise hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds (C.dbd.

Abstract: Process for preparing a flavoring composition suitable as a butter flavor block by subjecting triglyceride fats, fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives to oxidizing conditions, comprising:(a) admixing an anti-oxidant to triglyceride fats, fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives at least to a concentration which is sufficient to increase the induction period of the fat by a factor of 1.5,(b) heating the mixture for 0.5 hours-1 week at 50.degree.-150.degree. C. under access of atmospheric oxygen and in the presence of water,under the condition that the triglyceride fats, fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives contain at least one poly-unsaturated fatty acid with an omega-3 non-conjugatable double bond system in an amount of >0.01 wt. %. Such fatty acids or derivatives of fatty acid are preferably obtained by partially hydrogenating a natural vegetable glyceride fat.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel glycerol derivative and a process for preparing the same, and a process for preparing a triazole derivative.According to the present invention, an optical active 2-arylglycerol derivative which is a novel and useful as a synthetic intermediate of medicament can be provided and furthermore, (R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-propane-1,2-diol which is useful as an antifungal agent can be prepared.

Abstract: Fumaric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl group or a metallic cation, andR.sub.2 is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 alkyl group, psoralen-9-yl, retinyl, .alpha.-tocopheryl (vitamin E), calciferyl, corticosteroid-21-yl or monosaccharid-.omega.-yl; a group of fumaric acid derivatives based on glycerol, alkane diol or polyol molecules; and fumaric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR2## wherein n is an integer from to 30 to 260,R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group,R.sub.4 is one of the R.sub.3 groups and n is the number of molecule repetitions, processes for their production and compositions containing same are described. These compounds are useful as drugs for the treatment of cryptogenically-caused diseases and have antisporiatic as well as antimicrobial action.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of native fats, oils and fat derivatives, such as fatty acids and fatty acid esters, to fatty alcohols in a fixed-bed reactor, more particularly in co-current, hydrogen being recirculated in a stoichiometric excess, more particularly in an excess of 10 to 100 fold, and the fat, oil or fat derivative passing through the reactor only once. To minimize the specific hydrogen demand without having to accept significant losses in regard to specific reactor load, product selectivity and catalyst life, the hydrogen is passed successively through at least two fixed-bed reactors 4,10 without the gas issuing from the reactors 4 and entering the following reactors 10 being cooled and the fat, oil or fat derivative is simultaneously introduced into the reactors 4,10.

Abstract: Fumaric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl group or a metallic cation, andR.sub.2 is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 alkyl group, psoralen-9-yl, retinyl, .alpha.-tocopheryl (vitamin E), calciferyl, corticosteroid-21-yl or monosaccharid-.omega.-yl; a group of fumaric acid derivatives based on glycerol, alkane diol or polyol molecules; and fumaric acid derivatives of the formula ##STR2## wherein n is an integer from to 30 to 260,R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group,R.sub.4 is one of the R.sub.3 groups and n is the number of molecule repetitions, processes for their production and compositions containing same are described. These compounds are useful as drugs for the treatment of cryptogenically-caused diseases and have antisporiatic as well as antimicrobial action.