Abstract: A wax composition is disclosed, comprising a hydrogenate natural oil with (i) at least about 50 wt % of a triacylglycerol component having a fatty acid composition from about 14 to about 25 wt % C16:0 fatty acid, about 45 to about 60 wt % C18:1 fatty acid and about 20 to about 30 wt % C18:0 fatty acid, (ii) a nickel content of less than 1 ppm, and (iii) a melt point of about 49° C. to about 57° C. The hydrogenated natural oil is filtered and/or bleached to obtain a nickel content of less than 0.5 ppm. A candle is also disclosed, comprising a wick and the above described wax.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a process for synthesizing ?-functionalized acids of formula R—(CH2)n—COOH in which R is COOH or NH2CH2, from a feedstock of natural origin containing hydroxylated fatty acids.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids to produce saturated fatty acids, said process comprising hydrogenating the unsaturated fatty acid in the presence of hydrogen and a supported nickel catalyst, said supported nickel catalyst comprising an oxidic support, 5 to 80 wt. % of nickel, calculated as atomic nickel on the weight of the catalyst, 0.1 to 10 wt. % of a copper promoter, calculated as atomic copper on the weight of the catalyst and 1 to 10 wt. % of a group II metal, calculated as metallic oxide on the weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: A method and system for regenerating used cooking oil in which the used cooking oil is introduced into a cooking oil regenerator, which includes an electrochemical device having a high temperature proton exchange membrane disposed between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode. A voltage is applied between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode using an external electricity source, producing regenerated cooking oil.

Abstract: A method of electrochemically hydrogenating an oil, the method comprising reacting unsaturated fatty acids in the oil with hydrogen in the presence of a formate electrocatalyst.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in a reactor, comprising passing a reaction mixture in liquid phase through at least one structured reactor element present in sad reactor, the internal surface of said reactor element that comes into contact with the reaction mixture being catalytically active, the improvement comprising passing said reaction mixture through the said at least one reactor element, said reaction mixture comprising at least one liquid and at least one gas in liquid phase.

Abstract: A process for the continuous catalytic conversion of organic compounds, that, together with unwanted attendant materials, form a starting substance: first the organic compounds of the starting material are purposely extracted by means of condensed fluids. Then the extract, containing the condensed fluids and organic compounds as the reaction mixture is contacted with a catalyst for the catalytic conversion of the organic compounds to form a product mixture, which contains the individual products of the catalytic conversion. The product mixture is separated from the reaction mixture and the fluids employed are, optionally, conducted back for extraction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to hydrogenation catalyst particles based on nickel or cobalt and a support, incorporated in a matrix of hardened oil or a derivative thereof, which matrix material is solid at a temperature of 25° C., said particles having an average weight of at least 120 mg and an average height of at least 2.8 mm.

Abstract: A mixture of saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids are hydrogenated with an effective amount of a hydrogenation catalyst and in the presence of an effective amount of an adsorbent to produce a hydrogenated product having less than about 200 ppm of oxygenated by-products and an iodine value of less than 10.

Abstract: An electrochemical process for hydrogenating an unsaturated fatty acid, mixtures of two or more fatty acids, or the unsaturated fatty acid constituents of an edible or non-edible oil's triglycerides is performed using a solid polymer electrolyte reactor. Membrane electrode assemblies consist of a cation exchange membrane onto which porous anode and cathode electrodes are attached. As the electrodes are permeable, reactant and products enter and leave the membrane/cathode and membrane/anode reaction zones via the back sides of the electrodes. Hydrogen is generated in situ by the electro-reduction of protons that are formed at the anode and which migrate through the ion exchange membrane for reaction with the fifty acids or fatty acid constituents. In the disclosed process, only protons (H+ ions) carry the current between the anode and the cathode. The need for a supporting electrolyte to conduct electricity has been circumvented.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating carbon-carbon double bonds of a water-soluble olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt which comprises(a) combining an aqueous solution of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt with(1) an oxidant selected from the group consisting of oxygen, air and hydroperoxides;(2) a reducing agent selected from hydrazine and hydrates thereof; and(3) a metal ion activator;(b) heating the mixture to a temperature from 0.degree. C. to the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture; and(c) neutralizing the pH of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a poison-resistant catalytically active microporous membrane to be used for heterogeneously catalyzed reactions, which membrane is characterized in that it is permeable to one of the reactants separated by said membrane, and that it is impermeable to the other reactants and the contaminants contained therein, the molecules of all of which are larger in size than the pore size of the membrane, and to a process for carrying out a heterogeneously catalyzed reaction under conditions preventing the catalyst from being poisoned. This membrane allows to conduct three-phase reactions in a new manner, whereby the reaction gas is directly transported to the active sites.

Abstract: A formed nickel catalyst useful in fixed bed hydrogenation of fatty materials is described. The catalyst comprises from about 10% to about 50% by weight of nickel and from about 3% to about 30% by weight of at least one clay mineral binder. The catalyst may also contain from about 20% to about 60% by weight of silica and from about 1% to about 10% by weight of alumina. A process also is described for preparing such formed nickel catalyst. The use of such nickel catalyst in the hydrogenation of fatty materials such as fatty acids and esters also is described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process for refining and deodorizing the oil from the seeds of the neem tree by refining a neem oil solution with an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide to provide an edible grade of vegetable oil.

Abstract: A process for producing desulfurized fats and oils or fatty acid esters, which are highly suitable as a starting material for producing alcohols via hydrogenation, at a high yield is disclosed. Desulfurized fats and oils or fatty acid esters are obtained by contacting fats and oils or fatty acid esters with a catalyst represented by the following formula (I) under a hydrogen atmosphere or a mixture of hydrogen with an inert gas:Ni.Cu.sub.x O.sub.y (I)wherein x represents an atomic ratio of Cu determined by referring Ni as 1 and a value of from 0.02 to 8; and y is an atomic ratio of oxygen satisfying the valence requirements of Ni and Cu. A process for producing alcohols using the desulfurized fats and oils or fatty acid esters is also disclosed. A process for producing an alcohols using desulfurized fats and oils or fatty acid esters is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrocatalytic process for hydrogenating an unsaturated fatty acid, triglyceride, or mixtures thereof as an oil or fat is described. Current is passed through a cathode and hydrogen is generated in situ on the high surface area, low hydrogen overvoltage catalytic material used as the cathode in a reactor containing a liquid reaction medium (electrolyte) comprised of oil and/or fat, water and/or an organic solvent (e.g. t-butanol), and a supporting electrolyte salt. Typical catalytic cathodes comprise a granular or powdered Raney metal or an alloy thereof, platinum black, ruthenium black, or finely divided carbon powder containing platinum, palladium, or ruthenium. Typical supporting electrolyte salts include sodium p-toluenesulfonate, tetraethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, and sodium or potassium phosphate monobasic.A novel partially hydrogenated oil or fat product is obtained when the above process is carred out at temperatures less than 75.degree. C.