Abstract: The present invention generally provides a process for treating a soapstock. The present invention more particularly provides systems and methods for treating a soapstock to generate free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters. The present invention more particularly provides systems and methods for realizing the full fatty acid yield of a soapstock by first converting substantially all of the saponifiable material in a soapstock to salts of fatty acids (soaps) and acidulating the soaps to generate free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters, wherein the soapstock comprises soaps and saponifiable lipids, e.g. glycerides and/or phospholipids, and the generating of free fatty acids and/or fatty acid is achieved without the use of a mineral acid.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides a process for treating a soapstock. The present invention more particularly provides systems and methods for treating a soapstock to generate free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters. The present invention more particularly provides systems and methods for realizing the full fatty acid yield of a soapstock by first converting substantially all of the saponifiable material in a soapstock to salts of fatty acids (soaps) and acidulating the soaps to generate free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters, wherein the soapstock comprises soaps and saponifiable lipids, e.g. glycerides and/or phospholipids, and the generating of free fatty acids and/or fatty acid is achieved without the use of a mineral acid.

Abstract: Described is a process for simultaneously purifying fatty alcohols and obtaining a fraction of free fatty acids, wherein: (a) crude fatty alcohols comprising up to 70% b.w. alkyl esters and/or wax esters are treated with alkaline bases in an amount sufficient to essentially convert said esters into alkaline soaps, (b) said alkaline soaps are separated from said fatty alcohols by extraction to produce a purified fraction of fatty alcohols and an aqueous soap phase, and (c) said soap phase is treated with strong mineral acids in order to release the fatty acids from the soaps.

Abstract: A continuous biofuel production process includes the steps of introducing a feedstock containing fatty acids and triglycerides into a first reaction vessel, in which alkyl esters are produced through esterification of free fatty acids. The alkyl esters and triglycerides are introduced into a second reaction vessel, in which at least a portion of the triglycerides are converted to alkyl esters and glycerin through transesterification. The alkyl esters, glycerin, and remaining triglycerides are introduced into a third reaction vessel, in which at least a portion of the remaining triglycerides are converted to alkyl esters and glycerin through transesterification.

Abstract: Methods for simultaneous saponification and quantitative isomerization of glyceride oils containing interrupted double bond systems, with alkali in water to yield soaps with conjugated double bond systems are disclosed. Novel methods of hydrolysis of the soap product with acid to form fatty acid-water emulsions and the breaking of those emulsions are also disclosed. The preferred embodiment uses a vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid such as sunflower or safflower oil, potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid to neutralize the soaps, and an emulsion breaking compound which can include ethanol or other monohydric alcohol, tannins (either hydrolysable or condensed tannin) or polyethylene glycol. The reaction forms positional and geometric isomers of conjugated linoleic acid and the preferred isomer mixture is controlled by a combination of agitation, precisely controlled heating and rapid initiation and termination of the reaction. The reaction product composition may be enriched by crystallization.

Abstract: Fatty acid esters of isethionate salts are made by reacting ethylene oxide and a bisulfite salt, that may be made in situ, in aqueous ammonia while maintaining (1) the pH in the range of about 5.5 to about 6.5 and (2) the temperature in the range of 25.degree. C. to 85.degree. C. to form an isethionate salt. The isethionate salt is then esterified with a fatty acid to produce a product having little or no unwanted fatty acid esters of ethylene glycol.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to farnesyl pyrophosphate analogs which inhibit farnesyl-protein transferase (FTase) and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras. The invention is further directed to chemotherapeutic compositions containing the compounds of this invention, and methods for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.

Abstract: A method for preparing .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids of the formulaR.sub.1 (R.sub.2)C.dbd.C(R.sub.3)CO.sub.2 Hwhere R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 can be hydrogen, fluorine, alkyl, or alkyl containing fluorine, but at least one of R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 is fluorine or alkyl containing fluorine. The method involves reacting an alkenyl halide containing fluorine having the general formulaR.sub.1 (R.sub.2)C.dbd.C(R.sub.3)Xwhere R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are the same as above, and X is chlorine, bromine, or iodine with carbon dioxide in an aprotic polar organic solvent and in the presence of activated zinc. The activated zinc is activated by pretreatment with a mineral acid or acetic acid. At least one cation is present during the reaction which is an alkali metal ion, alkaline earth metal ion or ammonium ion. The cation is present in an amount of 0.01 to 50 gram atoms per one mol of alkenyl halide containig fluorine. The resulting product is hydrolyzed.