Abstract: Disclosed herein are purified surfactant formulations including purified short-chain fluorosurfactant and iodide additive and a two-part coating kit having the same and a silver nanowire formulation.

Abstract: Methods for removing contaminants from algal oil are provided. In an embodiment, a method comprises the steps of combining a sulfuric acid-aqueous solution that has a pH of about 1 or less with a contaminant-containing algal oil at treatment conditions effective to form an effluent. The effluent comprises a treated algal oil phase and contaminants in an acidic aqueous phase. The contaminants comprise metals, phosphorus, or combinations thereof. The acidic aqueous phase is removed from the effluent to form a contaminant-depleted algal oil.

Abstract: Methods for removing contaminants from algal oil are provided. In an embodiment, a method comprises the steps of combining a sulfuric acid-aqueous solution that has a pH of about 1 or less with a contaminant-containing algal oil at treatment conditions effective to form an effluent. The effluent comprises a treated algal oil phase and contaminants in an acidic aqueous phase. The contaminants comprise metals, phosphorus, or combinations thereof The acidic aqueous phase is removed from the effluent to form a contaminant-depleted algal oil.

Abstract: A process that can be used for isolating a fluorinated alkanoic acid from an aqueous solution also containing inorganic fluorides is provided. This process comprises (A) acidifying an aqueous solution comprising an ammonium or metal salt of a fluorinated alkanoic acid to produce an acidified solution, (B) heating the acidified solution to produce an organic layer and an aqueous layer, (C) separating and recovering the organic layer from the aqueous layer, (D) optionally washing the organic layer with an acid solution, (E) optionally isolating the fluorinated alkanoic acid, and (F) further optionally converting the fluorinated alkanoic acid to its ammonium or alkali metal salt.

Abstract: A process that can be used for isolating a fluorinated alkanoic acid from an aqueous solution also containing inorganic fluorides is provided. This process comprises (A) acidifying an aqueous solution comprising an ammonium or metal salt of a fluorinated alkanoic acid to produce an acidified solution, (B) heating the acidified solution to produce an organic layer and an aqueous layer, (C) separating and recovering the organic layer from the aqueous layer, (D) optionally washing the organic layer with an acid solution, (E) optionally isolating the fluorinated alkanoic acid, and (F) further optionally converting the fluorinated alkanoic acid to its ammonium or alkali metal salt.

Abstract: A single-step acid degumming/decolorizing process removes chlorophyll-type compounds from vegetable oils from seeds, especially frost damaged seeds which have large amounts of chlorophyll-type compounds. A mixture of aqueous sulfuric and phosphoric acids is blended with the oil to remove chlorophyll-type compounds from the oil. The purified oil has less than about 5 ppm chlorophyll-type compounds, less than about 50 ppm phosphorus and less than about 1.0 weight percent free fatty acids.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a tenside mixture, wherein a starting mixture containing an alkali metal salt of an alkyl sulfonic acid is treated with a concentrated sulfuric acid solution in an amount in excess of the amount needed for converting the salts to organic acids with stirring and cooling such that the temperature of the mixture does not exceed about 35.degree. C., the reaction mixture being allowed to separate into two layers, one layer containing the organic acids, wherein the one layer containing the organic acids is separated and neutralized with di- or triethanolamine in order to prepare di- or triethanolamine salts of the said acids.

Abstract: N-alkyl polyhydroxy alkyl amines such as N-methyl glucamine having a Gardner Color of less than 1 are reacted with sources of fatty acyl groups such as methyl esters, anhydrides, and/or fatty acids that have greater than 98% transmittance at 460 nm in organic hydroxy solvents such as methanol to prepare N-alkyl polyhydroxy amine amides with good color. The N-alkyl polyhydroxyamines can be purified by crystallization, and/or subjected to reductive bleaching, to provide superior color. The reaction is preferably carried out at low temperature for short periods of time and with low catalyst levels to minimize formation of cyclic products. The resulting amide product can be further purified by treatment with anionic and cationic exchange resins to remove soap and amine impurities. The anionic ion exchange resin can be readily regenerated by acidifying it followed by washing with an organic solvent.

Abstract: Process for preparing solutions of polyhydroxy-fatty acid amides having good color qualityIn the process described, at least one sulfur compound from the group of dithionous acid is added in an active amount to the crude solutions, which are in general more or less brown in color, after which water-clear polyhydroxy-fatty acid amide products result.

Abstract: A vegetable oil process and assembly is disclosed for extracting oil from an oil bearing material such as soybean, corn and the like. The process comprises adding at least one reagent to the oil bearing material to form a slurry mixture. The slurry is heated at a preselected temperature for a preselected period of time preferably under a partial vacuum. This processing reduces the phospholipid and trace metal content in the oil extracted from the oil heating material. The oil product produced is light in color, shows no turbidity and exhibits minimal amount of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and iron. The oil is ready for physical refining.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for splitting soapstock, comprising the steps of mixing the soapstock with a soap splitting acid, and of separating the acid water phase formed from the oil phase, characterized in that the mixture of the soapstock and the soap splitting agent are subjected to a high temperature treatment at or above 100.degree. C. during a residence time equal to or more than 2 minutes.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of higher alkyl acrylic acid esters which comprises reacting one or more C.sub.10+ olefins with one or more alkyl acrylic acid esters in the presence of a halogen containing catalyst, the invention is the improvement which comprises contacting the reaction product mixture with an aqueous acid solution to extract catalyst residues therefrom and distilling the extracted product mixture to remove unreacted olefin.