Abstract: A waste vegetable-oil based emulsifier for use as drilling mud primary emulsifier is described. A first emulsifier is prepared from an alkyl ester of waste vegetable oil. The waste vegetable oil is vegetable oil which has been used for a process prior to preparing the first emulsifier. A quantity of the first emulsifier is added to an oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of an activating agent is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. The activating agent is configured to activate the emulsifier to stabilize an emulsion. A quantity of viscosifier is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of a second emulsifier is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of weigh-up material is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. The resulting oil-based drilling fluid is used in a wellbore drilling operation to drill a wellbore in a subterranean zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing algae-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids, comprising the steps of a) contacting dry algae with ethanol; b) removing ethanol to obtain crude oil; c) subjecting the crude oil to a transesterification reaction with a lower alcohol to generate fatty acid alkyl esters; d) extracting the fatty acid alkyl esters to result in a phase containing fatty acid alkyl esters; e) collecting the phase containing fatty acid alkyl esters; and f) contacting the collected phase with silica gel. Also disclosed is a method for effectively removing impurities, including chlorophyll, fucoxanthin and beta-carotene, from crude algal fatty acid alkyl esters, comprising contacting the crude algal fatty acid alkyl esters with silica gel in hexane.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing azelaic acid.

Abstract: Methods for removing contaminants from algal oil are provided. In an embodiment, a method comprises the steps of combining a sulfuric acid-aqueous solution that has a pH of about 1 or less with a contaminant-containing algal oil at treatment conditions effective to form an effluent. The effluent comprises a treated algal oil phase and contaminants in an acidic aqueous phase. The contaminants comprise metals, phosphorus, or combinations thereof. The acidic aqueous phase is removed from the effluent to form a contaminant-depleted algal oil.

Abstract: A method for the solvent-free fractionation of jatropha seeds having a phorbol ester content and at least one fraction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the extraction of all unsaponifiable fraction contained in a vegetable oil, an oil originating from a micro-organism or a vegetable butter or in a co-product from the vegetable oil refining industry, such as deodorization discharge. The method includes at least: A) a step comprising the transformation of the aforementioned oils, butter or co-product from the vegetable oil refining industry or oils originating from micro-organisms into a hydro-alcoholic solution by means of, in particular, a step selected from saponification and esterification steps; B) a step comprising the extraction of the hydro-alcoholic solution in which the fatty fraction is separated from the unsaponifiable fraction by means of liquid/liquid extraction; and C) an optional step comprising the purification of the unsaponifiable fraction, selected from the group containing crystallization and liquid/liquid extraction steps.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering a first polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) from a feed mixture including at least one additional fatty acid (e.g., a second fatty acid (FA)). The process optionally comprises: performing a main step of chromatographic separation using an aqueous organic eluent and collecting a first stream of eluent enriched in the first PUFA and a second stream of eluent enriched in the second FA; subjecting the second stream of eluent to a partial concentration step to obtain a concentrated portion including the second FA, and a depleted portion comprising eluent, but depleted of the second FA. The process also includes: at least partially recycling the depleted portion for use in the main step of chromatographic separation.

Abstract: A method for separating neutral and polar lipids from an oil of biological material, wherein the oil is fractionated using a mixture of a polar solvent comprising at least one carbon atom, water and an additional substance selected from the group consisting of: mono-, di- and oligosaccharides comprising from 3 to 10 monosaccharide units, said additional substance is present in an amount of at least 0.1 wt % calculated on the total weight of solvent, water and additional substance, to form at least two liquid fractions having different densities, wherein one fraction is rich in polar lipids and another fraction is rich in neutral lipids. An oil rich in polar lipids obtained from the method is disclosed, said oil I contains at least 40, preferably at least 50 lipid % polar lipids as calculated on the total amount of lipids in said oil and that the total amount of polar solvent and water in said oil is between 20 and 30 wt %. An oat oil containing high amounts of estolides of DGDG can further be obtained.

Abstract: Methods of producing bio-fuel and other high-value products from oleaginous biomass (e.g. algae biomass) are provided. The two-step methods use a first step of subcritical water extraction of the biomass at low temperatures to produce polysaccharides and other high value products of interest, followed by, ii) hydrothermal liquefaction of remaining solid biomass at high temperatures to produce bio-oil.

Abstract: A method of extracting oil from algae by drying algae paste to a predetermined moisture content, contacting the algae paste with a polar solvent to make an algae-solvent solution and extracting oils from the algae paste into a solvent-oil solution, and separating extracted algae from the solvent-oil solution. An oil of whole and unhydrolyzed phospholipids, whole and unhydrolyzed glycolipids, lysolipids, and carotenoids extracted by the above method. An omega-3 fatty acid of docosahexanoic acids (DNAs) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPAs) extracted from the above method. Isolated nutraceutical grade and pharmaceutical grade oil derived from algae and being free of toxins extracted by the above method. Isolated oil derived from algae including at least one omega-3 fatty acid of DHA and EPA at least partially in the form of whole and unhydrolyzed phospholipids and whole and unhydrolyzed glycolipids extracted by the above method.

Abstract: A process for separation of a mixture comprising at least a microbial oil and a microbial substance into at least a first phase comprising at least part of the microbial oil and a second phase comprising at least part of the microbial substance, wherein the separation is carried out by a cyclone type separation unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chromatographic separation process for recovering a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) product from a feed mixture, which process comprises the steps of: (i) purifying the feed mixture in a first separation step in a simulated or actual moving bed chromatography apparatus having a plurality of linked chromatography columns containing, as eluent, an aqueous organic solvent, to obtain an intermediate product; and (ii) purifying the intermediate product obtained in (i) in a second separation step using a simulated or actual moving bed chromatography apparatus having a plurality of linked chromatography columns containing, as eluent, an aqueous organic solvent, to obtain the PUFA product; wherein (a) the first and second separation steps are carried out sequentially on the same chromatography apparatus, the intermediate product being recovered between the first and second separation steps and the process conditions in the chromatography apparatus being adjusted between the first an

Abstract: The invention can be used for extraction of valuable biologically active agents from raw materials. The method of extraction comprises treating the raw materials by preliminary extraction with the extracting agent heated to the temperature not allowing denaturation of raw materials and the final product. The extracting agent is either distilled water or watered alcohol to carry out both the impregnation of raw material with the extracting agent and extraction in vacuum-impulsive mode in the extractor, to carry out catching of extract essential oils. The device for extraction comprises a screw dozer and continuous heated rolls with a vessel to receive press cake impregnated with the extracting agent, two parallel extractors, pipelines connected to a reflux condenser, a foam-destroying device, and vessels to store and prepare the extracting agent and the extract interconnected filters and condensers, additionally connected with a receiver which is equipped with a vacuum pump and pipelines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purification of lipid material originating from biological material. In the method the lipid material comprising acylglycerols and phosphorus impurities and at least one added nonpolar solvent and at least one added polar solvent is provided into a reaction zone whereby at least a two phase system comprising a nonpolar phase and a polar phase is formed. The phase system is heated in the closed reaction zone under mixing at a temperature from 150° C. to 300° C. and at a pressure wherein said solvents are in subcritical state, preferably of below 100 bar, dependent on the vapor pressure of the selected solvents, until the phosphorus impurity is removed from the polar phase. Subsequently, the nonpolar phase including the purified oil comprising acylglycerols is separated and recovered from said phase system.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the field of refined oils. In particular, the present invention relates to refined plant oils substantially free of chlorinated contaminants, such as monochloropropanediol (MCPD), in particular 3-MCPD di-esters, and to a process to produce such oils. To achieve this, crude oil is liquid-liquid extracted to remove chlorine donors before it is further refined.

Abstract: The subject invention provides efficient and convenient methods of isolating 9-oxo-10E, 12E-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (9-KODE methyl ester) from C. versicolor. In addition, the subject invention provides therapeutic uses of Coriolus versicolor extracts, biologically-active chemical substituents isolated from C. versicolor, as well as 9-KODE methyl ester and related compounds. In a preferred embodiment, the subject invention can be used to inhibit the metastatic spread of cancer cells.

Abstract: Process for the extraction of fatty acids from algal biomass comprising: producing an aqueous suspension of algal biomass; subjecting the aqueous suspension of algal biomass to acid hydrolysis and extraction by the addition of at least one non-polar organic solvent and at least one inorganic acid to said aqueous suspension of algal biomass, so as to obtain the following three phases: (i) a semisolid phase comprising a slurry of the algal biomass; (ii) an aqueous phase comprising inorganic compounds and hydrophilic organic compounds; (iii) an organic phase comprising fatty acids and hydrophobic organic compounds other than said fatty acids.

Abstract: Described are engineered strains of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica capable of producing an oil comprising greater than 50 weight percent of eicosapentaenoic acid [“EPA”], an ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, measured as a weight percent of total fatty acids [“% TFAs”] and having a ratio of at least 3.1 of EPA % TFAs, to linoleic acid, measured as % TFAs. These strains over-express at least one ?9 elongase/?8 desaturase multizyme, in addition to other heterologous ?9 elongases, ?8 desaturases, ?5 desaturases, ?17 desaturases, ?12 desaturases, C16/18 elongases, and optionally over-express diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferases, malonyl CoA synthetases and/or acyl-CoA lysophospholipid acyltransferases. The strains possess at least one peroxisome biogenesis factor protein knockout. Methods for producing EPA within said host cells, oils obtained from the cells, and products therefrom are claimed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and processes for the recovery of oleaginous compounds from biomass and in particular biomass comprises photosynthetic microorganisms. Also disclosure are oleaginous compounds Obtained using the disclosed methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purification of lipid material originating from biological material. In the method the lipid material comprising acylglycerols and phosphorus impurities and at least one added nonpolar solvent and at least one added polar solvent is provided into a reaction zone whereby at least a two phase system comprising a nonpolar phase and a polar phase is formed. The phase system is heated in the closed reaction zone under mixing at a temperature from 150° C. to 300° C. and at a pressure wherein said solvents are in subcritical state, preferably of below 100 bar, dependent on the vapor pressure of the selected solvents, until the phosphorus impurity is removed from the polar phase. Sub-sequently, the nonpolar phase including the purified oil comprising acylglycerols is separated and recovered from said phase system.

Abstract: A method for separating neutral and polar lipids from an oil of biological material, wherein the oil is fractionated using a mixture of a polar solvent comprising at least one carbon atom, water and an additional substance selected from the group consisting of: mono-, di- and oligosaccharides comprising from 3 to 10 monosaccharide units, said additional substance is present in an amount of at least 0.1 wt % calculated on the total weight of solvent, water and additional substance, to form at least two liquid fractions having different densities, wherein one fraction is rich in polar lipids and another fraction is rich in neutral lipids. An oil rich in polar lipids obtained from the method is disclosed, said oil I contains at least 40, preferably at least 50 lipid % polar lipids as calculated on the total amount of lipids in said oil and that the total amount of polar solvent and water in said oil is between 20 and 30 wt %. An oat oil containing high amounts of estolides of DGDG can further be obtained.

Abstract: Process for the extraction of fatty acids from algal biomass comprising: producing an aqueous suspension of algal biomass; subjecting the aqueous suspension of algal biomass to acid hydrolysis and extraction by the addition of at least one non-polar organic solvent and at least one inorganic acid to said aqueous suspension of algal biomass, so as to obtain the following three phases: (i) a semisolid phase comprising a slurry of the algal biomass; (ii) an aqueous phase comprising inorganic compounds and hydrophilic organic compounds; (iii) an organic phase comprising fatty acids and hydrophobic organic compounds other than said fatty acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of polar lipid-rich materials and preferably phospholipids. Preferably the polar lipid-rich materials are separated and recovered from de-oiled native raw materials by extraction with water and alcohol and use of density separation to separate the resulting mixture. The invention also includes an improved process for de-oiling the native raw material before extraction and recovery of the polar lipids.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the recovery of minor components from oils and fats without destroying the natural components and simultaneously improving the quality of vegetable oils and fats.

Abstract: An easy and inexpensive process by which a concentrate of a given unsaturated fatty acid can be obtained from a mixture which has conventionally been difficult to concentrate. The process, which is for producing a concentrate of a desired isomer (a) from a conjugated fatty acid mixture (A), is characterized by comprising: a step in which the conjugated fatty acid mixture (A) is mixed with at least one unsaturated fatty acid (B) to obtain a mixture solution containing the isomer (a) dissolved therein; a crystallization step in which either crystals rich in the isomer (a) or crystals poor in the isomer (a) are precipitated from the mixture solution; and a solid-liquid separation step for obtaining the crystals rich in the isomer (a) or for obtaining a solution rich in the isomer (a) by removing the crystals poor in the isomer (a).

Abstract: A process for the recovery of phytonutrients such as carotenes, phospholipids and ubiquinones from palm oil esters is disclosed. This process comprises the steps of vacuum distillation, treatment and purification of concentrate containing these phytonutrients. The alkyl esters is subjected to at least one stage vacuum distillation at temperature from 80° C. to 220° C. and pressure less than 40 mTorr. The carotenes concentrate is subjected to various physical and chemical treatments to yield higher carotenes concentration enriched with ubiquinones in indigenous diacylglycerols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cost effective and industrially useful process for the preparation of substantially pure acitretin. More specifically, the present invention relates to the preparation of acitretin of high purity and yield.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of hydrolyzing glycerol fatty acid ester-containing composition, such as a fat and/or an oil, to produce fatty acids having a low proportion of trans-isomer fatty acids. Specifically, the present invention relates to a process for the hydrolyzing the glycerol fatty acid ester-containing compositions under conditions resulting in a low proportion of trans-isomer fatty acids.

Abstract: A process for recovering carboxylic acids from an aqueous mixture such as a fermentation broth using a solvent containing at least one olefin without the need for first removing the spent microorganism cells is provided. A co-solvent which increases the partition coefficient of the solvent relative to the carboxylic acid may optionally be included. The resulting carboxylic acid is hydrogenated to produce a saturated carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Fluorinated carboxylic acid, used as a surfactant in fluoropolymerization in aqueous media, can be recovered by scrubbing from the exhaust gas of the dryer during polymer drying and, after concentration and treatment with alumina, directly reused in fluoropolymerization in aqueous media.

Abstract: A process for recovering carboxylic acids from an aqueous mixture such as a fermentation broth using a solvent containing at least one olefin without the need for first removing the spent microorganism cells is provided. A co-solvent which increases the partition coefficient of the solvent relative to the carboxylic acid may optionally be included.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the recovery of minor components and refining of vegetable oils and fats from crude vegetable oils and fats. The said invention describes the following process: A process for the recovery of minor components and refining of vegetable oils and fats from crude vegetable oils and fats without destroying naturally occurring components, said process comprising the steps of: a) removal of polar components from the crude vegetable oils and fats using lower alkyl alcohol or any lower alkyl alcohol-water mixture; b) removal of alcohol from the product obtained in step (a) by distillation; c) addition of suitable quantity of bleaching earth to the product obtained in step (b) at normal bleaching temperature followed by filtration; and d) deodorization of the product obtained in step (c) at a low temperature.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a cyclosporin in a novel galenic formulations for oral administration. The compositions typically comprise a cyclosporin, 1,2-propylene glycol, a mixed mono-, di- and tri-glyceride and a hydrophilic surfactant. Further a refined glycerol-transesterified corn oil is provided representing a mixed mono-, di- and tri-glyceride suitable for the novel formulation. Dosage forms include in particular oral dosage forms.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new method of refining oils and fats. The method provides for the reduction of free fatty acids and/or soaps in oils and fats by mixing calcium oxide with said oils or fats.

Abstract: Pure azelaic acid is obtained by working up a reaction mixture containing C.sub.1-18 monocarboxylic acids, mainly pelargonic acid, and C.sub.4-16 dicarboxylic acids, mainly azelaic acid, obtained from the ozonolysis of oleic acid or a starting mixture containing oleic acid. All but <2% by weight of the monocarboxylic acids and part of the dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of <C.sub.9 and >C.sub.9 are separated off to obtain a prepurified product containing more than 75% by weight of oleic acid and the prepurified product is concentrated to more than 90% by weight of oleic acid in several process steps. In a first process step (1), the dicarboxylic acids with chain lengths of <C.sub.9 present in the prepurified product are removed as first runnings by fractional distillation. In a second process step (2), the bottom product obtained is reacted with water to split carboxylic anhydrides present in the bottom product.

Abstract: A method of preparing a purified monoester composition is provided. The method generally involves a step of adding triglycerides to the crude monoester composition, with a follow up step of extracting into an alcohol/water phase, of the monoester to be purified. The process can be utilized to isolate and purify monoglycerides and propylene glycol monoesters, to advantage. The invention also concerns equipment for conduct of the processes, provision of preferred food additives, and provision of preferred food industry compositions.

Abstract: A method is taught whereby improved yields of lipid containing molecules, such as gangliosides, are obtained. Involved is the treatment of neural tissue from animals afflicted with GM1 gangliosidosis. Only members of the ovine family, e.g., sheep are so treated.

Abstract: Described is a process for removing glycerol and/or diglycerol from glycerides and glyceride mixtures by extraction, which process is characterized in that the glyceride or glyceride mixture is dissolved in organic compounds which preferably contain carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, if desired in combination with hydrocarbons, and that glycerol is extracted from the resulting solution with the aid of water. Thereby glycerol concentrations in the material to be purified of 0.1 weight % or lower may be obtained in a simple manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing reduced calorie triglycerides which contain short or medium chain and long chain fatty acids, but which nevertheless contain low levels of difatty ketones. The process of the present invention comprises the step of adding glycerine to a crude reaction product after a selective esterification reaction of a monoglyceride with short or medium chain fatty acids fatty acids. The glycerin is typically added at a level of from about 0.1 to about 1.0% at a reaction temperature of from about 170.degree. C. to about 215.degree. C. The contact time is about 1 to about 15 minutes. The reduced calorie triglycerides prepared according to this process will contain less than about 100 ppm difatty ketones.

Abstract: A process for preparing 9-(Z)-retinoic acid from mother liquors from the industrial preparation of C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salts of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are each aryl and X.sup..crclbar. is halogen or (HSO.sub.4).sup..crclbar., in an organic solvent, which comprisesA. increasing the proportion of 9-(Z)-C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt in the C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salts isolated from the mother liquor by treatment with isopropanol at elevated temperature, cooling and separating off the all-(E)-C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt which has crystallized out,B. subjecting the resulting C.sub.15 -triarylphosphonium salt to a Wittig reaction with an alkyl .beta.-formylcrotonate of the general formula ##STR2## and C. hydrolyzing the resulting oily retinoic ester mixture in a C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a purified wool fat essentially free from low molecular weight volatile acids, water soluble aliphatic alcohols and water. This purified wool fat is produced by effecting the esterification of free alcohols and fatty acid contained in the wool fat followed by solvent extraction and chromatographical purification of the extracted solvent. The purified wool fat can be used as a lubricant enhancer in lubricating oils.

Abstract: A process is provided for treating an edible animal fat to reduce the content of components having free hydroxyl groups. The process comprises forming a reaction mixture from the fat and a cyclic anhydride such as succinic or glutaric anhydride, heating the mixture to a temperature promoting conversion of these components to hemisuccinates or hemiglutarates, and subjecting the reacted fat to alkali-refining to remove the converted components as water-soluble soaps. The process is particularly useful for reducing the cholesterol content of the animal fats.

Abstract: A method of removing gums which cannot be removed by simple water degumming from plant oils having the following steps:(a) adding to a plant oil containing gum substances not hydratable with water and wax substances, substantially 0.01 to 0.08% of a food acid or an acid anhydride of a food acid in a 5 to 15% solution thereof at a temperature of 20.degree. to 70.degree. C., intimately mixing the oil and the solution and causing the oil and the solution to remain in contact for a contact time in excess of 5 minutes with slow stirring;(b) to a mixture formed in step (a) adding a 1 to 5% solution of a base at a temperature of 10.degree. to 40.degree. C.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding acids, which comprises contacting and thereby reacting an alcohol with a tertiary amine oxide compound at elevated temperatures in the presence of a homogeneous oxidation catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a promoter comprising a quaternary ammonium bromide, and subsequently separating out acids from the reaction mixture product.

Abstract: Countercurrent liquid/liquid extraction processse for fractionating complex triglyceride mixtures to selectively remove "light" impurities (primarily MMM trglycerides) from MML/MLM triglycerides, or to selectively remove MML/MLM triglycerides from "heavy" impurities (primarily MLL/LML and LLL triglycerides), wherein M is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 fatty acid residue or mixture thereof, and wherein L is a C.sub.18 -C.sub.24 fatty acid residue or mixture thereof, are disclosed. In the case of "light" impurities, an oil stream containing MMM and MML/MLM triglycerides is passed countercurrently to a solvent stream containing a polar solvent or a supercritical fluid that is partially miscible with the oil stream to selectively remove the MMM triglycerides. In the case of "heavy" impurities, an oil stream containing MML/MLM, MLL/LML and LLL triglycerides is passed countercurrently to the solvent stream to selectively remove the MML/MLM triglycerides.