Abstract: A strain of Pseudomonas Sp. bacterium (NRRL B-18602) has been discovered which is capable of converting oleic acid to the novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid (DOD). The production of DOD is unique in that it involves a hydroxylation at two positions and a rearrangement of the double bond of the substrate molecule. The new multifunctional, long-chain aliphatic acid has potential utility as a plasticizer and as a source of intermediates in the synthesis of specialty chemicals.

Abstract: The invention relates to (+) and (-)-8-halogen-6-hydroxy-octanoic acid enantiomers wherein the halogen is Cl, Br, or I, and their respective preparatory processes.

Abstract: A detergent composition comprising:(A) glycerol derivative having the following Formula (I) ##STR1## (B) a water-soluble polyhydric alcohol; and (C) at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of an anionic surfactant, wherein component (A) and component (C) are in a ratio of from 2:1 to 1:100 by weight. When the detergent composition is used to clean skin, the skin remains moisturized after cleaning without stickiness or tackiness and without excess degreasing or dryness.

Abstract: A novel compound, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA) was produced from linoleic acid by microbial transformation at 25% yield. The newly isolated microbial strain catalyzing this transformation was identified as Clavibacter sp. ALA2 (Accession No. NRRL B-21660). THOA and its derivatives have application as antifungal agents.

Abstract: A process for producing solutions of active substances of low solubility, which comprises (1) dissolving the active substance with a phospholipid and a water-soluble lipid in an organic solvent, (2) evaporating the resulting solution to dryness, (3) taking up the residue in a strongly acidic buffer and stirring at elevated temperature until a colloidal solution is produced, (4) cooling the colloidal solution and adjusting to a pH of 6-7 and sterilizing. Particularly suitable for the process are lipids of the formula ##STR1## wherein m, a, b, x and y have the meanings indicated in the description.

Abstract: The invention concerns a fractionation process for the production of triglycerides with at least 12 wt % SSU (S=saturated fatty acids; U=unsaturated fatty acids) by subjecting a fat with at least 5 wt % SSU to a fractionation, achieving an enrichment factor fo the SSU enrichment of at least 1.

Abstract: Hydroxylated milk glycerides having low levels of ethylenic unsaturation are disclosed. The hydroxylated milk glycerides can have enhanced resistance to rancidification and as such, are suitable for use in personal care compositions e.g., lotions, skin creams, lipsticks, eye shadow, and makeup. Personal care compositions comprising the hydroxylated milk glycerides can have enhanced properties as compared to personal care compositions which do not comprise the hydroxylated milk glycerides or alternatively comprise milk fat.

Abstract: 2-(.omega.-alkoxycarbonyl alkanoyl)-4-butanolide can be produced unexpectedly with a high selectivity and yield through condensation reaction of .gamma.-butyrolactone with a highly available, lo.omega.-price dicarboxylate as represented by the following general formula:ROOC(CH2)nCOOR(where n denotes an integer of 7-13, and R denotes an alkyl group or an alkenyl group). Furthermore, a long-chain .omega.-hydroxycarboxylic acid can be produced by subjecting 2-(.omega.-alkoxycarbonyl alkanoyl)-4-butanolide to hydrolysis and decarboxylation and reducing the carbonyl groups in the resultant product into methylene groups.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I) is disclosed. The compound of the formula (I) is useful as a fine particle drug carrier. When used as the fine particle drug carrier, the compound efficiently avoids a reticuloendothelial system and has a long circulation time in blood.

Abstract: The present invention deals with the certain castor esters which give high gloss when applied to the skin. Said esterd are the reaction of a guerbet alcohol and castor oil, ricinoleic acid or methyl ricinoleate.

Abstract: Compositions comprising unsaturated hydroxycarboxylic compounds, a process for reacting olefinic compounds with carboxylic reagents and products prepared by the process. The compositions containing the hydroxycarboxylic compounds and the products of the process are useful as intermediates for preparing additives for lubricants and fuels.

Abstract: This invention relates to the synthesis of vegetable and synthetic oil adducts and to the adduct products having the formula ##STR1##

Abstract: Aromatic acid-derived lipophilic polyhalogenated compounds are provided for use as contrast agents in diagnostic imaging or as therapeutic agents. These compounds are particularly useful when incorporated into an oil-in-water emulsion for tissue-specific delivery to the liver. For hepatocyte-selective delivery, the emulsion is chylomicron remnant-like by being in a size range of 50 to 200 nm and having a composition simulating naturally-occuring chylomicron remnants.

Abstract: Object: To provide novel prostaglandin E.sub.1 analogues which have more excellent pharmaceutical effects, longer duration of the effects and less side-effects than the prior art prostaglandin E.sub.1 's.Constitution: A PGE.sub.1 analogue represented by the formula: ##STR1## (wherein A is a vinylene group or an ethynylene group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an allyl group, R.sup.2 is a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms), or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to low-aqueous gelling compositions comprising optically enriched gellants having the structure: ##STR1## wherein A and B independently represent alkyl groups such that the gellant is an asymmetric, di-chiral, di-hydroxy fatty acid that is about 90% or more in the R, R or S, S form and has from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Esters of fatty acids with ethoxylated polyols are prepared by (a) ethoxylating polyols in the presence of basic catalysts at high temperatures with 80 to 150 moles ethylene oxide per mol polyol and then (b) reacting the reaction product with 1 to 1.3 moles fatty acids per mole of hydroxyl groups contained in the original polyol, in the presence of acid catalysts. These esters are useful as thickeners of aqueous solutions of surface active agents.

Abstract: Hydroxylated milk glycerides having low levels of ethylenic unsaturation are disclosed. The hydroxylated milk glycerides can have enhanced resistance to rancidification and as such, are suitable for use in personal care compositions e.g., lotions, skin creams, lipsticks, eye shadow, and makeup. Personal care compositions comprising the hydroxylated milk glycerides can have enhanced properties as compared to personal care compositions which do not comprise the hydroxylated milk glycerides or alternatively comprise milk fat.

Abstract: The invention provides a process comprising treating a lanolin fatty acid with boric acid to convert hydroxy fatty acids therein to boric acid esters, subjecting the reaction mixture to vacuum distillation to fractionate the boric acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids from non-hydroxy fatty acids, hydrolyzing the boric acid esters, and subjecting the hydrolysate to vacuum distillation to provide .alpha.-hydroxy fatty acids and .omega.-hydroxy fatty acids, the resultant respective lanolin fatty acids and esters, and cosmetic products and drug products for external use containing them.According to the invention, pale-colored, substantially odor-free lanolin fatty acids can be obtained easily and with high efficiency and these compounds can be effectively utilized in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic field.

Abstract: Nylon-11 monomer, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, is synthesized from 12-oxododecanoic acid oxime in a three-step reaction sequence which involves a Beckmann rearrangement, Hofmann degradation and hydrolysis. The aldoxime acid is hydrolyzed in the presence of nickel acetate tetrahydrate to give 11-carbamoylundecanoic acid. This amide is then treated with a solution of sodium methoxide and bromine at 70.degree.-80.degree. C. to give 11-(methoxycarbonylamino)undecanoic acid, which upon basic hydrolysis and subsequent neutralization, yields the 11-aminoundecanoic acid.

Abstract: A novel use of two specific neopentyl glycol diesters as wetting, dispersing, spreading and deterging agents for micronized TiO.sub.2, ZnO and other pigments is introduced. These esters, neopentyl glycol di-2-ethyl hexanoate and neopentyl glycol di-isostearate, are used in varying combinations and may also be used with an emulsifying agent for a water dispersible pigmented make-up cleaner composition.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds have the formula:(X)j-(non-cyclic core moiety),j being an integer from one to three, the core moiety is non-cyclic and X is a racemic mixture, R or S enantiomer, solvate, hydrate, or salt of: ##STR1## *C is a chiral carbon atom, n is an integer from one to four (preferably from one to three), one or more carbon atoms of (CH.sub.2).sub.n may be substituted by a keto or hydroxy group, and m is an integer from one to fourteen. Independently, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be a hydrogen, a straight or branched chain alkane or alkene of up to twelve carbon atoms in length, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.w R.sub.5, w being an integer from two to fourteen and R.sub.5 being a mono-, di- or tri-substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituents on R.sub.5 being hydroxy, chloro, fluoro, bromo, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy. Or jointly, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group having from four to eight carbon atoms, N being a hetero atom. R.sub.

Abstract: A polyol fatty acid ester having mixed acid groups is produced by reacting a partial ester of a polyol and a branched fatty acid with a a straight chain fatty acid or a lower alcohol ester thereof in the presence of a lipase. The obtained glyceride mixture contains a large amount of diglyceride having a branched, saturated fatty acid group and a straight chain, saturated fatty acid group.

Abstract: Perhydro-5,5-8a-trimethyl-2-naphthalenone is prepared by acid cyclization of carboxylic esters of formula ##STR1## having a double bond in one of the positions indicated by the dotted lines and wherein symbol R designates a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl radical, X stands for a monovalent radical of formula P(O)(OR.sup.1).sub.2 or C(O)R.sup.2, R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group and R.sup.2 is either a linear or branched alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, and wherein the wavy line represents a C--C bond of cis or trans configuration, or of formula ##STR2## wherein the wavy lines and symbol R are defined as above, and R.sup.0 represents a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkyl radical, preferably branched, followed by basic decarboxylation of the obtained product.

Abstract: The invention relates to alkoxylated compounds prepared by reaction of epoxidized C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acid derivatives with C.sub.2-4 alkylene oxides in the presence of alkoxylation catalysts and mono- and/or polyhydric alcohols.

Abstract: Process for the stereospecific synthesis of leukotriene B.sub.4 (LTB.sub.4) of 6Z, 8E, 10E configuration of formula ##STR1## in which a dibenzoate triether is prepared which is subjected to a reductive elimination according to the diagram ##STR2## so as to obtain a triether which is converted in order to obtain the leukotriene B.sub.4.

Abstract: The demands on the properties of pigments, in particular in the fields of emulsion paints and printing inks, which constantly become more specific have made it necessary to develop selective and environmentally friendly dispersing, emulsifying and coupling auxiliaries.The compounds according to the invention are esterification and/or arylation products prepared from natural or modified castor oil or ricinoleic acids, which products are alkoxylated and, if desired, linked by esterification with dicarboxylic acids to give recurring structural units. If desired, the terminal hydroxyl groups of these modified alkoxylates of castor oil fatty substances have been esterified with fatty acids, aromatic carboxylic acids and/or resin acids and any free hydroxyl groups which may be present have preferably been reacted with dicarboxylic acids and sulfite to give the corresponding monoesters containing anionic radicals.

Abstract: .omega.-Hydroxy-(.omega.-3)-ketonitrile of the formula NC(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 OH wherein n is an integer of 7 to 11.

Abstract: A synthetic lubricating oil contains an esterification product obtained from a hydroxycarboxylic acid polyol ester (A) and at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (B), and optionally either an aliphatic carboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups (C) or a combination of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups (C) and an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol (D).

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of structural formula (I) isolated from an aerobic fermentation of Trichoderma viride MF5628, ATCC 74084: ##STR1## which are squalene synthase inhibitors and thus useful as cholesterol lowering agents. These compounds are also potent antifungal agents. Additionally, they inhibit farnesyl protein transferase and farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras and are thus useful in treating cancer. This invention also relates to a process for obtaining compounds of structural formula (I).

Abstract: There are disclosed (i) .omega.-hydroxy-(.omega.-3)-ketonitrile represented by the formula ( I ):NC(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 OH (I)wherein n is an integer of 7 to 11, (ii) a method for preparing the .omega.-hydroxy-(.omega.-3)-ketonitrile which comprises reacting .alpha.-(.omega.-cyanoalkanoyl)-.gamma.-butyrolactone represented by the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein n has the same meaning as defined above, in the presence of 1 to less than 2 mole of an alkali metal hydroxide per mole of the butyrolactone in an aqueous medium, and (iii) a method for preparing .omega.-hydroxy fatty acid represented by the formula (IV):HOOC(CH.sub.2).sub.n+4 --OH (IV)wherein n has the same meaning as defined above, which comprises reacting the above .omega.-hydroxy-(.omega.-3)-ketonitrile of the formula (I) with hydrazine in an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: In a process for the production of tertiary carboxylic acids, especially by "Koch synthesis", the byproducts, e.g., a dimer of tripropene, are removed from the reaction mixture by azeotropic rectification with alkanediols, e.g., 1,3-butanediol, as entrainers, thus obtaining the tertiary carboxylic acids in pure form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a partial ester derived from the reaction product of an oxirane containing acid or derivative thereof, and a reactive hydroxyl compound selected from the group consisting of diols, triols, di-diols and 1,4-dihydroxy butane and a halogen containing polymer compositon thereof. The oxirane compound can be derived from the group consisting of epoxidized vegetable oil, epoxidized fish oil, an aliphatic or arylaliphatic containing craboxyl compound having an oxirane group in the aliphatic chain.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new kind of hydroxyfatty-acid-based monomers which are suited for producing plastics and which are obtained by reacting the esters of hydroxyl-group-containing fatty acids or the esters or salts of amino-group-containing fatty acids with appropriate bifunctional compounds that are capable of reacting with hydroxyl or amino groups, the reaction being such that always two molecules of such fatty acid esters are linked together via the hydroxyl groups or the amino groups by means of the bifunctional compound.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .beta.-hydroxycarboxylates of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 individually denoteC.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl optionally substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy and/or halogen, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.30 acetalalkenyl, aryl optionally mono- to penta-substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, and/or halogen, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkenyl, hetaryl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 cycloalkylalkyl,or together denote a C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene chainand one or other of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen, andR.sup.3 denotes hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, aryl optionally mono- to penta-substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, and/or halogen, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 cycloalkylalkyl, andR.sup.4 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.

Abstract: Photoinitiators having at least one terminal fluoroalkyl moiety are useful for photopolymerizing and photocuring fluorinated as well as non-fluorinated monomers, especially fluorinated acrylic monomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel .alpha.-hydroxyacids of the general formula (I), to the process of preparing them and to the use thereof as intermediates allowing access to homologous lower aldehydes (such as prenal or citral) by oxidative decarboxylation.

Abstract: Aryl alkenoic acid derivatives, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof, are provided which are potent leukotriene antagonists and may be used for the treatment of circulatory diseases and preferably for respiratory diseases such as asthma. The derivatives have a general formula I ##STR1## in which X is --S--,W is CH.dbd.CH;o is 1 to 4;n is 2 to 6;m is 0 to 2;T and Z, same or different, represent oxygen or a direct bond;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, represent hydrogen, or fluorine;A represents carboxyl, CO.sub.2 R.sub.4.sup.4, wherein R.sup.4 is lower alkylR is ##STR2## wherein Y represents carboxyl, CO.sub.2 R.sup.4, wherein R.sup.4 is lower alkylR.sup.7 and R.sup.8, same or different, represent H or lower alkyl;R.sup.9 represents --OH, --O-alkyl, NH.sub.2 or a NHCH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H group; andR.sup.10 R3 is H.

Abstract: A process for preparing a nonionic surfactant includes the steps of: cleaving at least one of the isopropylidene groups of an isopropylidene polyglycerol C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 -fatty acid or mono- or polyhydroxy fatty acid ester, by hydrolysis or ketal exchange, in the presence of acid, at a temperature in the range of about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C., and at atmospheric, reduced or superatmospheric pressure, thereby regenerating hydroxyl groups on the polyglycerol; and recovering the resultant polyol ester nonionic surfactant. Such polyol ester surfactants are useful as emulsifiers, especially for preparing skin care or cosmetic formulations and paints and wood-preservation agents.

Abstract: Alkoxylation products of at least one of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide and at least one C.sub.10-22 carboxylic acid mono-, di-, or tri-glyceride which is of natural origin or is obtained from natural origin wherein in the 9, 10 position, the 13, 14 position, or in both positions of the carboxylic acid the following unit is present ##STR1## in which R is a hydrogen atom, an OH group or an OR.sup.1 group,R.sup.1 is a C.sub.9-18 alkyl group, a C.sub.9-18 alkenyl group or a ##STR2## group, and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-21 alkyl group or a C.sub.2-21 alkenyl group.The invention also relates to compositions containing the above alkoxylation products in place of alkoxylated castor oil normally present in the compositions, and to a process for preparing the alkoxylation products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pentanedioic acid derivatives. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds and compositions as hypolipidemic drugs.

Abstract: New antibiotic eicosenoic acids and a method of producing it are described. The acids have been found to have antifungal properties.

Abstract: The invention concerns 2-hydroxyalkenoic acids within a general formula ##STR1## where R' is chosen from: a. C.sub.w H.sub.2w,b. C.sub.y H.sub.2y-1, andc. C.sub.y H.sub.2y OZwhere Z is chosen from H, R" and (CH.sub.2).sub.n OR"R" is chosen from C.sub.m H.sub.2m+1 and (CH.sub.2).sub.n OC.sub.m H.sub.2m+1 ;w is an integer of from 1 to 25y is an integer of from 2 to 25m is an integer of from 1 to 4n is an integer of from 1 to 6Many compounds within the formula are novel and are claimed as such. The invention also provides a process for making the compounds, and compositions for topical application to human skin, hair or nails which contain compounds of the above formula and a cosmetically acceptable vehicle.

Abstract: The major component of the carbonate fraction of free acids extractable from alfalfa has shown excellent control of symptoms in patients with sickle cell disease. Its structure has been established by proton NMR spectrometry as being 16-hydroxy-9Z,12Z,14E-octadecatrienoic acid and closely related compounds, such as simple esters, amides, triglycerides, or other derivatives of the carboxylic acid function, and a method for its synthesis from linseed oil or methyl linolenate has been developed. The product from linseed oil, both in the form of the initially formed triglyceride and in the form of its free acid obtained by saponification, is useful for the treatment of sickle cell disease.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (I), wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a group of formula (II): --O(CH(R.sup.10)CH.sub.2 O).sub.n R.sup.20, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a group of formula (III): --O(CH(R.sup.11)CH.sub.2 O).sub.m R.sup.21, R.sup.3 is a group of formula (IV): --(CH(R.sup.12)CH.sub.2 O).sub.p R.sup.22, and R.sup.4 is a group of formula (V): --(CH(R.sup.13)CH.sub.2 O).sub.r R.sup.23, where R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 each is hydrogen or CH.sub.3, R.sup.20 R.sup.21, R.sup.22 and R.sup.23 each is an acyl moiety of a polycarboxylic acid, and n, m, p and r each is an integer from 1 to 15; q is 1 or 2; with the provisos that if q is 2, then the 2 groups R.sup.1 may be the same or different and the 2 groups R.sup.2 may be the same or different; and, if one or more of the groups R.sup.20, R.sup. 21, R.sup.22, and R.sup.23 is an acyl moiety of a polycarboxylic acid group, then 0-3 of the remaining carboxy groups of the polycarboxylic acid form the acyl function(s) of a moiety R.sup.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for stereoselectively preparing a syn-dihydroxylated compound comprising reacting a 3-hydroxyket-1-one and a sterically hindered dialkylated borane to form a complex at about -50.degree. C. to about 0.degree. C., and reducing the complex with hydride at about -25.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C.

Abstract: Alkaline earth salts of vicinally hydroxy, alkoxy-substituted C.sub.16 -C.sub.22 fatty acids corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## in which R represents linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl groups or hydroxyalkyl groups optionally alkylated with a C.sub.16 -C.sub.22 fatty acid, process for their preparation, and their use as catalysts. These salts give a narrow homolog distribution of the polyalkoxylation products in the catalysis of the polyalkoxylation of compounds containing active hydrogen atoms.

Abstract: A wool-wax substitute and a process for its formation are disclosed where the wool-wax substitute is the product of esterification of 1 mole of a glycerol-polyglycerol mixture with:(a) from 0.5 to 1.1 moles of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof;(b) from 0.5 to 1.1 moles of an unsubstituted straight chained saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof;(c) from 0.0 to 0.6 mole of an aliphatic saturated branched-chain monocarboxylic acid having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms;(d) from 0.0 to 0.5 mole of a saturated monocarboxylic acid having from 16 to 20 atoms and containing hydroxyl groups, or mixtures thereof, and(e) from 0.5 to 1.0 mole of saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof.The wool-wax has a hydroxyl number ranging from 20 to 100 and acid and iodine numbers under 5.

Abstract: Oligomers and addition products obtained from the reaction of a saturated or olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, alcohol, ether, or ester with a substituted or unsubstituted acetic anhydride in the presence of a Mn compound, and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: Photoinitiators having at least one terminal fluoroalkyl moiety are useful for photopolymerizing and photocuring fluorinated as well as non-fluorinated monomers, especially fluorinated acrylic monomers.