Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) that are useful as perfuming ingredients of the fruity type. Formula (I) is in the form of any one of its stereoisomers or of a mixture thereof, wherein R1 represents a C1-3 alkyl or alkenyl group, R2 represents a methyl or ethyl group, R3 represents a C1-4 alkyl or alkenyl group, and the compound (I) has from 8 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides an intestinal tract-protecting agent, an agent for the prophylaxis or improvement of a disease caused by damage in intestinal tract barrier function, which contains hydroxylated fatty acid, particularly hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acid, having a hydroxyl group at the 10-position and/or the 12-position, which is an intermediate of the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acid by lactobacillus.

Abstract: A process for refining a triglyceride oil comprises: —providing a triglyceride oil; —bleaching the oil in the presence of an added antioxidant in a first bleaching step; —bleaching the oil in a second bleaching step; and —deodorizing the bleached oil, wherein the antioxidant comprises a rosemary extract.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of ?,?-branched carboxylic acids vinyl esters comprising the following steps: isomerising and converting an olefin feed with CO and water under Koch reaction conditions to make an acid with a ratio of Non Blocking isomers (NB) versus Blocking isomers (B) of NB/B above 1.5, wherein a blocking isomer has always a tertiary carbon atom in alpha position of the carboxylic acid and in the beta position of the carboxylic acid, whereas a non-blocking isomer has primary carbon atoms in the beta position of the carboxylic acid converting the resulting acid into a vinyl ester.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diastolic congestive heart failure containing at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of icosapentaenoic acid, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an ester thereof.

Abstract: Recombinant DNA techniques are used to produce oleaginous recombinant cells that produce triglyceride oils having desired fatty acid profiles and regiospecific or stereospecific profiles. Genes manipulated include those encoding stearoyl-ACP desturase, delta 12 fatty acid desaturase, acyl-ACP thioesterase, ketoacyl-ACP synthase, and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase. The oil produced can have enhanced oxidative or thermal stability, or can be useful as a frying oil, shortening, roll-in shortening, tempering fat, cocoa butter replacement, as a lubricant, or as a feedstock for various chemical processes. The fatty acid profile can be enriched in midchain profiles or the oil can be enriched in triglycerides of the saturated-unsatturated-saturated type.

Abstract: This invention relates to environmentally preferred frying oils, such as high oleic oils. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of high oleic oil compared to conventional oil when used in frying applications is provided.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating conditions associated with a chemosensory receptor, including diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions by administering a composition comprising a chemosensory receptor ligand. Also provided herein are chemosensory receptor ligand compositions and methods for the preparation thereof for use in the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention is directed to isolated microorganisms, as well as biomasses, cultures, microbial oils, and compositions thereof. The invention also provides methods of producing the microbial oils and methods of using the isolated microorganisms, biomasses, and microbial oils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel antimicrobial compounds, methods of their production as well as uses thereof.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a more simplified and more efficient process for producing a highly purified orange roughy oil having high storage stability. The present invention provides a process for producing a highly purified orange roughy oil substantially free of a polyunsaturated fatty acid ester having 4 to 6 double bonds, and having a saponification value of 98 to 113 and an iodine value of 73 to 89, comprising washing with an alkaline aqueous solution to remove a free fatty acid; hydrogenating with a catalyst to reduce a polyunsaturated fatty acid ester; and purifying by treatment with an adsorbent.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide a fat-and-oil in which the content of docosahexaenoic acid is increased. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A process for producing highly unsaturated fatty acids comprising culturing a stramenopile capable of producing highly unsaturated fatty acids in a culture medium containing an inhibitor for fatty acid desaturases; fats-and-oils in which the content of highly unsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid produced by the relevant method, is increased. A method for enhancing the productivity of highly unsaturated fatty acids in stramenopiles, comprising culturing a stramenopile in a culture medium containing an inhibitor for fatty acid desaturases; stramenopiles having the enhanced productivity of highly unsaturated fatty acids, generated by the relevant method.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to trans-,trans-conjugated linoleic acid compositions and use thereof, and in particular to trans-,trans-conjugated linoleic acid produced from photoisomerization of soy oil in the presence of an antioxidant, and used in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and human and animal food compositions for improved health. The invention also relates generally to a method for treatment and prevention of health-related disorders of obesity by administration of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and/or food compositions containing and/or prepared from trans-,trans-conjugated linoleic acid-rich soy oil.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The object of the present invention is attained by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 of the present invention.

Abstract: A traceable treatment composition for treating a subterranean formation having multiple zones penetrated by a well bore comprising a homogenous blend of a tracking composition and a resin composition. The tracking composition comprises a substantially non-radioactive tracking material selected from the group consisting of a metal salt. The metal portion of the metal salt may be selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, lithium, molybdenum, and vanadium.

Abstract: Mutant delta-9 elongases having the ability to convert linoleic acid [18:2, LA] to eicosadienoic acid [20:2, EDA] and/or ?-linolenic [18:3, ALA] to eicosatrienoic acid [20:3, ETrA] are disclosed herein. Isolated nucleic acid fragments and recombinant constructs comprising such fragments encoding mutant delta-9 elongases, along with a method of making long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids [“PUFAs”] using these mutant delta-9 elongases in oleaginous yeast are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in recombinant cells such as yeast or plant cells. Also provided are recombinant cells or plants which produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a group of new enzymes which possess desatorase or elongase activity that can be used in methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: Isolated nucleic acid fragments and recombinant constructs comprising such fragments encoding novel delta-9 elongases along with a method of making long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) using these delta-9 elongases in plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a xanthophyll composition containing (trans, meso)-zeaxanthin), (trans, R,R)-zeaxanthin and (trans, R,R)-lutein useful for nutrition and health care and a process for its preparation. More particularly, the invention relates to a xanthophylls composition containing at least 80% by weight of total xanthophylls, out of which the (trans,3R,3?S, meso)-zeaxanthin content is at least 80%, the remaining being (trans, R,R)-zeaxanthin, (trans, R,R)-lutein and trace amounts of other carotenoids. This invention further provides a xanthophyll composition containing at least 80% by weight of total xanthophylls, out of which at least 50% being (trans, R,R)-zeaxanthin, the remaining being (trans,3R,3?S, meso)-zeaxanthin, (trans, R,R)-lutein and trace amounts of other carotenoids.

Abstract: One aspect of this disclosure relates generally to lipid compounds that exert diverse effects in the endocannabinoid system, such as regulating CB1 and CB2 receptor or moderating other bio-macromolecules within the endocannabinoid system. Some of the compounds showed improved receptor binding affinity, and/or improved receptor subtype selectivity, and improved bio-stability. Some of the compounds exhibit activities to regulate the enzymes that moderate the bio-disposal of endogenous cannabinoids, such as the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Some of the compounds exhibit activities to inhibit the anandamide transporter. Other aspects of the invention are pharmaceutical preparations employing these ligands and methods of administering therapeutically effective amounts of the preparations to provide a physiological effect.

Abstract: Methods of producing an unsaturated free fatty acid comprising at least 18 carbon atoms are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise culturing an engineered microorganism in a culture medium, wherein the engineered microorganism comprises at least one recombinant enzyme selected from acyl-lipid desaturase delta-9 (EC:1.14.19.1), acyl-lipid desaturase delta-12 (EC:1.14.19.6), acyl-lipid desaturase delta-15 (EC:1.14.19.-), and thioesterase (EC:3.1.2.14). Engineered microorganisms comprising at least one of those recombinant enzymes are also provided. The methods and organisms can be used to produce at least one free fatty acid selected from oleic acid, linoleic acid and ?-linolenic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of one or more esters of 2-hexyldeconal having fatty acids of the general formula (I) R1-COOH, wherein R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in and/or for the production of cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to isolated thraustochytrid microorganisms as well as strains and mutants thereof. The invention is further directed to biomasses, microbial oils, compositions, cultures, methods of producing microbial oils, and methods of using the isolated thraustochytrids, biomasses, and microbial oils.

Abstract: The invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules which encodes a novel fatty acid nECR. The invention also provides recombinant expression vectors containing nECR nucleic acid molecules, host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced, and methods for large-scale production of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), e.g., ARA, EPA and DHA.

Abstract: The invention is directed to isolated microorganisms, as well as biomasses, cultures, microbial oils, and compositions thereof. The invention also provides methods of producing the microbial oils and methods of using the isolated microorganisms, biomasses, and microbial oils.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by culturing specific myxobacterial stains and myxobacterial strains suitable for said method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mutant delta-8 desaturase genes, which have the ability to convert eicosadienoic acid [20:2 omega-6, EDA] to dihomo-?-linolenic acid [20:3, DGLA] and/or eicosatrienoic acid [20:3 omega-3, ETrA] to eicosatetraenoic acid [20:3 omega-3, ETA]. Isolated nucleic acid fragments and recombinant constructs comprising such fragments encoding delta-8 desaturase along with methods of making long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) using these mutant delta-8 desaturases in plants and oleaginous yeast are disclosed.

Abstract: Oilseed plants which have been transformed to produce very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, recombinant constructs used in such transformations, methods for producing such fatty acids in a plant are described and uses of oils and seeds obtained from such transformed plants in a variety of food and feed applications are described.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is the use of compounds designed to inhibit the activity of the enzyme 5?-reductase. This is a novel use of compounds of general formula (I): CH3(—CH?CH)n—R??(I) where n=from 2 to 7, and R is chosen from among: CHO, CH2OH, CH2O—CO—R?, CO—O(?), where R? is chosen from among H, and the alky from C1 to C22, each compound of general formula (I) being used as such or in mixtures with other compounds, as the active principle in a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition designed to inhibit the action of the enzyme 5?-reductase, and of the pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions deriving therefrom.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating a patient in need of therapy for a neurodegenerative disease comprising administering to that patient a therapeutically effective dose of a triglyceride oil containing both ?-linolenic acid and linoleic acid residues as triglyceride ester, the ratio of ?-linolenic acid to linoleic acid residues at the sn-2 position of the triglyceride being at least 0.8; the amount of ?-linolenic acid residues at the sn-2 position being at least 18%, wherein the oil is administered at a dose sufficient to maintain or elevate TGF-?1 levels in the patient at a therapeutic level. Preferably the method is that wherein the therapeutic level is such as to produce a TGF-?1/TNF-? ratio of at least 0.5 in blood of a patient, after 18 months of daily dosing. Preferred oils are Borage or Mucor oils having at least 35% of the sn-2 position fatty acid residues as ?-linolenic acid.

Abstract: A process for refining a triglyceride oil comprises:—providing a triglyceride oil;—bleaching the oil in the presence of an added antioxidant in a first bleaching step;—bleaching the oil in a second bleaching step; and—deodorizing the bleached oil, wherein the antioxidant comprises a rosemary extract.

Abstract: The present invention relates to enzymes which possess hydroxylase activity, in particular 42 hydroxylase activity, that can be used in methods of synthesizing modified fatty acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sunflower oil with high heat stability, which is characterised in that between 15% and 45% of the fatty acid total are saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid), between 45% and 75% of the fatty acid total is oleic acid and more than 85% of the tocopherol total corresponds to the sum of gamma-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol. The invention also relates to sunflower seeds that contain an oil with the aforementioned characteristics and sunflower plants which as a result of self-pollination produce seeds with the aforementioned characteristics. In addition, the invention relates to the use of said oil in food and animal feed and for the formulation of biolubricants and biofuels.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel oxylipins that are derived from ?-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n-6) and stearidonic acid (STA or SDA; 18:4n-3), and methods of making and using such oxylipins. Also disclosed is the use of such oxylipins in therapeutic and nutritional or cosmetic applications, and particularly as anti-inflammatory or anti-neurodegenerative compounds. Also disclosed are The invention novel ways of producing long chain polyunsaturated acid (LCPUFA)-rich oils and compositions that contain enhanced and effective amounts of SDA- and/or GLA-derived oxylipins.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel oxylipins, referred to herein as docosanoids, that are derived from C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and method of making and using such oxylipins. Also disclosed is the use of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-6) (DPAn-6), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3) (DPAn-3), and docosatetraenoic acid (DTAn-6: C22:4n-6) as substrates for the production of novel oxylipins, and to the oxylipins produced thereby. Also disclosed is the use of DPAn-6, DPAn-3, DTAn-6, and/or the oxylipins derived therefrom, and/or novel docosanoids derived from the structures of C22 fatty acids, in therapeutic and nutritional or cosmetic applications, and particularly as anti-inflammatory or anti-neurodegenerative compounds. The invention also relates to novel ways of producing long chain polyunsaturated acid (LCPUFA)-rich oils and compositions that contain enhanced and effective amounts of LCPUFA-derived oxylipins, and particularly, docosanoids.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a more simplified and more efficient process for producing a highly purified orange roughy oil having high storage stability. The present invention provides a process for producing a highly purified orange roughy oil substantially free of a polyunsaturated fatty acid ester having 4 to 6 double bonds, and having a saponification value of 98 to 113 and an iodine value of 73 to 89, comprising washing with an alkaline aqueous solution to remove a free fatty acid; hydrogenating with a catalyst to reduce a polyunsaturated fatty acid ester; and purifying by treatment with an adsorbent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of one or more esters of 2-hexyldeconal having fatty acids of the general formula (I) R1-COOH, wherein R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in and/or for the production of cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fungal ?-15 fatty acid desaturases that are able to catalyze the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2, LA) to alpha-linolenic acid (18:3, ALA). Nucleic acid sequences encoding the desaturases, nucleic acid sequences which hybridize thereto, DNA constructs comprising the desaturase genes, and recombinant host plants and microorganisms expressing increased levels of the desaturases are described. Methods of increasing production of specific omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids by over-expression of the ?-15 fatty acid desaturases are also described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of inhibiting antigen-dependent proliferation of T-cells in a subject without substantially inhibiting mitogen-dependent proliferation of T-cells in the subject. The method includes administering to the subject an effective amount of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, or a salt or derivative of a polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide a fat-and-oil in which the content of docosahexaenoic acid is increased. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A process for producing highly unsaturated fatty acids comprising culturing a stramenopile capable of producing highly unsaturated fatty acids in a culture medium containing an inhibitor for fatty acid desaturases; fats-and-oils in which the content of highly unsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid produced by the relevant method, is increased. A method for enhancing the productivity of highly unsaturated fatty acids in stramenopiles, comprising culturing a stramenopile in a culture medium containing an inhibitor for fatty acid desaturases; stramenopiles having the enhanced productivity of highly unsaturated fatty acids, generated by the relevant method.

Abstract: Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.

Abstract: The use of an effective amount of trans-4-tertbutyl-1-phenylcycolhexanol in waxes to increase the melting point, softening temperature, as well of other properties.

Abstract: One aspect of this disclosure relates generally to lipid compounds that exert diverse effects in the endocannabinoid system, such as regulating CB1 and CB2 receptor or moderating other bio-macromolecules within the endocannabinoid system. Some of the compounds showed improved receptor binding affinity, and/or improved receptor subtype selectivity, and improved bio-stability. Some of the compounds exhibit activities to regulate the enzymes that moderate the bio-disposal of endogenous cannabinoids, such as the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Some of the compounds exhibit activities to inhibit the anandamide transporter. Other aspects of the invention are pharmaceutical preparations employing these ligands and methods of administering therapeutically effective amounts of the preparations to provide a physiological effect.

Abstract: The invention is directed to liquid vegetable unsaturated alcohol mixture having an iodine value of 88 to 100 and a cloud point less than 7° C., the unsaturated alcohol mixture being prepared by reduction of a vegetable unsaturated fatty acid mixture and/or an alkyl ester thereof in the presence of a zinc-type catalyst having a copper content of 30 ppm or less, the vegetable unsaturated fatty acid mixture being prepared from at least one vegetable oil selected from the group consisting of palm oil, coconut oil and palm kernel oil. The invention also concerns a liquid vegetable unsaturated alcohol mixture having an iodine value of 88 to 100, a cloud point less than 7° C. or lower and a conjugated diene content of 1 wt. % or less.

Abstract: This invention relates to plant fatty acyl hydroxylases. Methods to use conserved amino acid or nucleotide sequences to obtain plant fatty acyl hydroxylases are described. Also described is the use of cDNA clones encoding a plant hydroxylase to produce a family of hydroxylated fatty acids in transgenic plants. In addition, the use of genes encoding fatty acid hydroxylases or desaturases to alter the level of lipid fatty acid unsaturation in transgenic plants is described.

Abstract: A conjugated fatty acid such as the cis-9, trans-11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid having high bioactivities is selectively and efficiently produced by conjugating an unsaturated fatty acid having at least two double bonds with the use of viral cells, dead cells or a cell extract of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus oris, Lactobacillus pontis, Lactobacillus panis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, or an enzyme derived from the bacterium.

Abstract: The present invention relates a composition having a high content of xanthophyll esters, where the xanthophyll ester component of the composition is comprised of a high proportion of trans-lutein esters. The present invention also provides methods of making and using such a composition.

Abstract: Lutein and zeaxanthin, the main carotenoids in marigold flowers, and capsanthin and capsorubin, the main carotenoids in red peppers are esterified mainly with C-18 fatty acids. The pigments were re-esterified without isolating them from the natural saponified extract using carboxylic acids in the range of C-1 to C-12 and their corresponding metallic salts in the presence of a catalyzing agent. Both the diester and monoester forms were obtained. It is expected that the pigment esters with a fatty acid of 12 or less carbons will have a better digestibility than the esters of xanthophylls in their natural state and better stability than the hydrolyzed xanthophylls. This will result in a better pigmentation capacity of the carotenoids for poultry or aquaculture.

Abstract: A novel xanthophyll esters concentrate including a composition containing lutein and zeaxanthin fatty acid esters wherein the composition contains by weight 90-95% of trans-lutein esters, 0-5% of cis-lutein esters and 3.5 to 6% of zeaxanthin esters. More particularly, a process is provided for the preparation of the above concentrate employing ketonic solvents. The novel trans-lutein enriched xanthophyll ester concentrate is useful for human consumption, either as nutraceuticals, as nutritional supplements, as food additives and also for coloring animal feeds. The concentrate has better stability and bioavailability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) to be used as inhibitor of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF-&agr;), in the reduction of edema caused by closed head injury, in the reduction of neurological deficits caused by closed head injury and stroke and in treating pathological conditions caused by TNF-&agr; and/or by radical oxygen intermediates (ROI), in pharmaceutical composition for the same use comprising as active ingredient 2-AG. It comprises also the use of 2-AG and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of said indications and methods of treatment by 2-AG and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same for diseases caused by said indications.