Abstract: A carbon dioxide/co-fluid mixture is provided for use in a refrigeration cycle in which the carbon dioxide is alternately absorbed and desorbed from the co-fluid. Suitable co-fluids are selected from the class of alkoxylated carboxylic amides, wherein the amides are cyclic or non-cyclic. It has been discovered that N-2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecyl-2-pyrrolidinone and its homologs exhibit an advantageous property of a high rate of desorption at lower temperatures.

Abstract: Aluminum carboxylate salt having a formula of Al[OCO(CH2)nP(O)(OR1)(OR2)]3 where R1 and R2 are hydrocarbyl groups that can optionally be joined and n is independently an integer between one and four is useful for forming an article of manufacture comprising a polymer compounded together the aluminum carboxylate salt to form a flame retardant polymer article.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pseudoceramide represented by the following formula (I) and a cosmetic composition comprising the same: wherein Z represents —OH and Y represents —OH, ?with the proviso that X is Z represents —OH and X represents —OH, with the proviso that Y is Y represents —OH and X represents —OH, with the proviso that Z is R represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group; and when substituted, R has one or more —OH groups.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions comprising lysophosphatidic acid analogs and methods of using such analogs as agonist or antagonists of LPA receptor activity. In addition the invention is directed to LPA receptor agonists that vary in the degree of selectivity at individual LPA receptors (i.e. LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3). More particularly the present invention is directed to LPA analogs wherein the glycerol is replaced with ethanolamine and a variety of substitutions have been linked at the second carbon atom.

Abstract: A photoaffinity-labeled sphingomyelin analog of the following formula: wherein R1 is C1-20 alkylene group, R5 is C1-20 alkyl group, aryl group or C1-6 alkyl group substituted by aryl group, Z is photoaffinity-labeled group and Me is methyl group, or an optically active compound thereof.

Abstract: Novel amides of polyunsaturated fatty acids with cysteamine-S-phosphate have been synthesized. Combinations of the all-trans-retinoic acid and/or amides of the 13-cis-retinoic acid with O-phospho-L-tyrosine, and N-docosahexaenoyl-cysteamine-S-phosphate, N-eicosapentaenoyl-cysteamine-S-phosphatee, N-arachidonoyl-cysteamine-S-phosphate, N-&agr;-linolenoyl-cysteamine-S-phosphate, and N-&ggr;-linolenoyl-cysteamine-S-phosphate and their analogues N-docosahexaenoyl-O-phospho-2-aminoethanol, N-eicosapentaenoyl-O-phospho-2-aminoethanol, N-arachidonoyl-O-phospho-2-aminoethanol, N-&agr;-linolenoyl-O-phospho-2-aminoethanol, N-&ggr;-linolenoyl-O-phospho-2-aminoethanol in different compositions exhibit a marked cell-growth inhibiting effect and display anti-tumor activity.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions, and methods for labeling membranes are disclosed. Compounds of formula G-L-E are described wherein G is a lipophilic group, L is a cleavable linkage and E is an electrophoretic group. The compounds become associated with membranes, and can be cleaved with a cleavage-inducing moiety thereby releasing the detectable electrophoretic group.

Abstract: A compound comprised of a hydrophilic polymer covalently yet reversibly linked to a amine-containing ligand through a dithiobenzyl linkage is described.

Abstract: Novel amides are disclosed, in particular amides of the all-trans-retinoic acid or 13-cis-retinoic acid and arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid or linoleic acid with 2-aminoethanol, alpha-L-serine, alpha-L-threonine, alpha-L-tyrosine containing phosphate groups. Further, the present invention discloses the synthesis and use of these compounds, in particular their pharmaceutical application.

Abstract: Phospholipid-HETE derivatives, compositions and methods of use are disclosed. The compounds are particularly useful for treating dry eye.

Abstract: Novel amides are disclosed, in particular amides of the all-trans-retinoic acid or 13-cis-retinoic acid and arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid or linoleic acid with 2-aminoethanol, alpha-L-serine, alpha-L-threonine, alpha-L-tyrosine containing phosphate groups. Further, the present invention discloses the synthesis and use of these compounds, in particular their pharmaceutical application.

Abstract: Novel amides are disclosed, in particular amides of the all-trans-retinoic acid or 13-cis-retinoic acid and arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid or linoleic acid with 2-aminoethanol, alpha-L-serine, alpha-L-threonine, alpha-L-tyrosine containing phosphate groups. Further, the present invention discloses the synthesis and use of these compounds, in particular their pharmaceutical application.

Abstract: The present invention concerns new lipid derivatives of phosphonocarboxylic acids of the general formula I, ##STR1## in which the meaning of the symbols is elucidated in the description, tautomers thereof and their physiologically tolerated salts of inorganic and organic bases as well as processes for the production thereof and pharmaceutical agents containing these compounds.

Abstract: An efficient method of producing phytosphingosine-containing ceramide one comprising: (a) obtaining a phytosphingosine base from tetraacetylphytosphingosine (TAPS) by a deacetylation reaction wherein the TAPS is produced by fermentation of cells of the F-60-10 mating type strain of Hansenula ciferrii using a fed-batch mode and a non-fermentable carbon source; and (b) coupling together the phytosphingosine base and a fatty acid/.omega.-hydroxy fatty acid component wherein the .omega.-hydroxy fatty acid component is prepared by a process which includes Kolbe synthesis.

Abstract: Inhibition of farnesyl transferase, which is an enzyme involved in ras oncogene expression, and inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, are effected by compounds of the formula ##STR1## their enantiomers, diastereomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, and solvates, wherein:X is --ONR.sup.1 C(O)--, --N(OR.sup.1)C(O)--, --NR.sup.1 C(O)--, --C(O)NR.sup.1 --, --NR.sup.1 S(O.sub.2)--, --C(O)O--, --OC(O)--, --O--, --NR.sup.1 -- or --(S)q;Y and Z are each independently --CO.sub.2 R.sup.2, --SO.sub.3 R.sup.2 or --P(O)(OR.sup.2)(OR.sup.3);R is alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkenylene or aryl;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or aralkyl;m and n are each independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 5;p is 0 or 1; andq is an integer from 1 to 2.

Abstract: Lipid-containing prodrugs are provided for treating viral infections due to herpes, influenza, hepatitis B, Epstein-Barr, and varicella zoster viruses, as well as cytomegalovirus and derivatives of antiviral agents. The compounds comprise phosphonoacids having antiviral activity which are linked, either through the phosphate group or carboxyl group of the phosphonoacid, to one of a selected group of lipids. Phosphonoacetic acid and phosphonoformic acid are thus linked to phospholipids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, or fatty acids. The compounds persist, after intracellular hydrolysis, as the antiviral phosphonoacids. The lipid prodrugs are effective in improving the efficacy of antiviral phosphonoacids by prolonging their antiviral activity following administration.

Abstract: Modified ceramides are defined, together with their synthesis and compositions comprising them for topical application to human skin, hair and nails. The modified pseudoceramides have a structure: ##STR1## and an approximate summary is that R and R.sup.1 are aliphatic hydrocarbon, A is CH.sub.2, CHOR.sup.2, CH.dbd.CH or CHOY, and at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is sulphate, phosphate or similar. The presence of phosphate or sulphate facilitates skin absorption, after which the phosphate or sulphate is removed by enzymes present in vivo.

Abstract: Novel amide derivatives have the following structure (1): ##STR1## where Y is hydrogen or an unsaturated fatty acid residue,A is an hydroxyalkyl group,B is a sugar or phosphate residue, and(C.sub.a H.sub.b) is a hydrocarbon residue with from 7 to 49 carbon atoms.The amide derivative can be employed in compositions, together with a suitable carrier, for topical application, particularly to improve damaged human skin or hair.

Abstract: These compounds, represented by the formula (I) below, are used by way of agents inducing resistance to cryptogamic diseases in plants capable of being infested by a pathogenic fungus, for example, for the protection of wheat especially with respect to Septoria nodorum, Erysiphe graminis and Gaemannomyces graminis; of capsicum with respect to Phytophthora capsici; of melon with respect to Pseudoperonospora cubensis; of tomato with respect to Phytophthora infestans; and of "Xanthi" tobacco with respect to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae.