Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds represented by the formula: Formula (i) wherein R1 comprises a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; wherein R2 comprises an alkylene group, an arylene group, or a heterocyclic group; and wherein M comprises a monovalent metallic cation such as sodium, lithium, or potassium; or a multivalent metallic cation such as zinc, nickel, iron, titanium, or cobalt; or an ammonium or alkyl ammonium cation derived by addition of proton (s) to a nitrogenous base.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for the production of sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, copper (II) and zinc salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. In addition, this disclosure describes new compositions of matter, specifically, the rubidium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper (II) salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. The method utilizes the addition of metals salts to a crude sulfonation solution of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for the production of sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, copper (II) and zinc salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. In addition, this disclosure describes new compositions of matter, specifically, the rubidium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper (II) salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. The method utilizes the addition of metals salts to a crude sulfonation solution of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for the production of various metal salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid including those where the metal cation is selected from the group consisting of silver (I), sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, manganese (II), iron (II), cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (I), copper (II), zinc, yttrium, and cadmium. The methods utilize a solvent system that comprises acetic acid or water or a mixture of both. The invention also encompasses the various metal salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid.

Abstract: A method for preparing an ionic compound by mixing at least one compound of formula CxAy-zH2O (1) with at least one hydrogen donor and heating the mixture obtained is provided. The said ionic compound remains in a physical state selected from the group consisting of liquid and semisolid at a temperature below 150° C., preferably below 125° C.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for the production of various metal salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid including those where the metal cation is selected from the group consisting of silver (I), sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, manganese (II), iron (II), cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (I), copper (II), zinc, yttrium, and cadmium. The methods utilize a solvent system that comprises acetic acid or water or a mixture of both. The invention also encompasses the various metal salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid.

Abstract: A redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between the anode and the cathode; a catholyte solution comprising a modified ferrocene species being at least partially reduced at the cathode in operation of the cell, and at least partially re-generated by reaction with the oxidant after such reduction at the cathode.

Abstract: A water soluble nanoparticle can include a ligand of formula (I). The ligand can provide zwitterionic character and can provide water solubility, small hydrodynamic diameter, chemical stability, and the capability to modify the nanoparticle with additional functional moieties such as a small molecule, nucleic acid, or protein.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for the production of sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, copper (II) and zinc salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. In addition, this disclosure describes new compositions of matter, specifically, the rubidium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper (II) salts of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. The method utilizes the addition of metals salts to a crude sulfonation solution of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid.

Abstract: A mixed amino acid metal salt complex of the mixed amino acids, lysine and glutamic acid associated with trace metals selected from the group consisting of iron, manganese, copper and zinc to provide highly bioavailable sources of the iron, manganese, copper and zinc and as well to take advantage of the different amino acid transport pathways of lysine and glutamic acid.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing hexagonal ferrite magnetic powder. The method of manufacturing hexagonal ferrite magnetic powder comprises wet processing hexagonal ferrite magnetic particles obtained following acid treatment in a water-based solvent to prepare an aqueous magnetic liquid satisfying relation (1) relative to an isoelectric point of the hexagonal ferrite magnetic particles: pH0?pH*?2.5, wherein, pH0 denotes the isoelectric point of the hexagonal ferrite magnetic particles and pH* denotes a pH of the aqueous magnetic liquid, which is a value of equal to or greater than 2.0, adding a surface-modifying agent comprising an alkyl group and a functional group that becomes an anionic group in the aqueous magnetic liquid to the aqueous magnetic liquid to subject the hexagonal ferrite magnetic particles to a surface-modifying treatment, and removing the water-based solvent following the surface-modifying treatment to obtain hexagonal ferrite magnetic particles.

Abstract: The claimed invention meets these and other objects by providing a method of preparing a metal salt of a dialkyl ester of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid. Broadly speaking, the method provides for the contacting of a dialkyl ester of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid with a metal cation in a buffered reaction mixture to form the metal salt of the dialkyl ester. The reaction mixture is buffered, at least in part, by the acetate of the metal cation. The method according to invention also encompasses various methods of preparing the dialkyl ester of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of exchanging nanostructures from within aqueous liquid media into organic liquid media. The steps comprise first supplying solid nanostructures in an aqueous liquid media, adjusting the pH, incorporating an ionic surfactant sufficient to reduce nanostructure aggregation, followed by concentrating the nanostructures in the aqueous liquid media. The nanostructures may them be placed in organic liquid media followed by introduction of a coupling agent capable of covalent attachment to the nanostructure surface while providing a functional group capable of polymerization to covalently bond the nanostructures to a selected monomer and/or polymer resin.

Abstract: A composition useful for crosslinking phosphate esters in hydrocarbon gels used in formation fracturing performs especially well in cold temperatures, such as temperatures lower than (?)20° C. Methods of making the crosslinking composition and the gel are described; also methods of fracturing subterranean formations. Specific forms of ferric sulfate and ferric ammonium citrate are useful as ingredients of the crosslinking composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel metal complexes comprising: at least one metal selected from the metal trace elements essential for the development of plants; at least one first ligand selected from the lignosulfonates, and derivatives thereof; at least one second ligand selected from the multidentate organic ligands. These complexes are useful in the area of agriculture, notably as agents for treating metal deficiency.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a charge control agent which comprises a metal compound of a cyclic phenol sulfide of the following formula (1) as an active ingredient: wherein at least one of several Y is a metal atom. The present invention also discloses a toner which comprises one or more kinds of said metal compound, a coloring agent and a binder resin. The charge control agent of the present invention overcomes disadvantages such as lack of sharpness of first copied images and instability of the quality of the copied images in continuously copying, and it is those applicable to recent high speed printers, which have a quick charging rise time, an excellent environmental stability since the charge amount thereof less varies depending on the changes of temperature and humidity, and a high frictional charge amount. In addition, by using said charge control agent, a toner having a negative electric with high charging performance can be provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite formed by physical and chemical bonding of (a) a carbon nanotube (CNT); and (b) a metal complex with at least one kind of ligand coordinated to a central metal, the CNT being connected to the metal within the metal complex by a direct bond to the metal. Also, provided is a dispersant for a CNT containing a metal complex comprising (i) a complex ion with at least one kind of ligand (Ln) chemically bonded to a central metal; and (ii) a counter ion. By using a metal complex as a dispersant for a CNT, various characteristics possessed by the metal complex can be provided to the CNT, and the dispersibility of the CNT can be meaningfully increased by introducing a ligand and/or a counter ion having dispersion medium-affinitive properties.

Abstract: A redox fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by an ion selective polymer electrolyte membrane; means for supplying a fuel to the anode region of the cell; means for supplying an oxidant to the cathode region of the cell; means for providing an electrical circuit between the anode and the cathode; a catholyte solution comprising a modified ferrocene species being at least partially reduced at the cathode in operation of the cell, and at least partially re-generated by reaction with the oxidant after such reduction at the cathode.

Abstract: Photoacid generator salts comprising photoactive cationic moieties and segmented, highly fluorinated-hydrocarbon anionic moieties are disclosed which provide high photoacid strength and can be tailored for solubility and polarity. The present invention further relates to photoacid generators as they are used in photoinitiated acid-catalyzed processes for uses such as photoresists for microlithography and photopolymerization.

Abstract: A metal bis-triflimide compound having the formula: [Mx]n+[(N(SO2CF3)2)(nx?yz)](nx?yz)?[Ly]z? where M is a metal selected from the metals in groups 5 to 10, 12 and 14 to 16 and Cu, Au, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Y, La, Ac, Hf, Rf, Ga, In, Tl, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and the actinides; L is a negative or neutral ligand; n is 2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8; x is greater than or equal to 1 y is 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8; and z is 0,1,2,3 or 4.

Abstract: ORGANOMETALLIC COORDINATION complexes exhibiting two separate, stable forms are described. Conversion from one form to the other is intramolecular, reversible, light-activated (a molecular switch) and occurs both in the solid and in solution. The two forms differ in photochemical and electrochemical characteristics (different colors and reduction potentials). The complexes can be used in information storage and for light-gathering, light-emitting, sensing and detecting applications.

Abstract: Novel styrene sulfonate-based polymers and cation exchange membranes which are particularly suitable for use in electrodialysis of whey and improved methods for electrodialysis of whey are disclosed.

Abstract: Certain nickel [II] complexes of selected ortho-phosphine substituted arylsulfonamides or selected phosphine containing alkylsulfonamides catalyze the polymerization of ethylene. The polymers produced may be used as lubricants or in waxes. Some of these nickel [II] complexes and the phosphine containing ligands are also novel compounds.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are selected independently from hydrogen, alkyl, and alkyl substituted with one or more --O-- atoms, or where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are ring residues. The compound is capable of functioning as a ligand and complexing with paramagnetic Fe(III) ion for use as a second-sphere contrast enhancing agent for magnetic resonance imaging of tissue, and a method of administering the second sphere contrast agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to catalysts for the synthesis of .beta.-hydroxy carbonyl compounds, and in particular to enantioselective catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a complex compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.1' are the same or different and each is an alkyl group, a phenyl group or a substituted derivative of a phenyl group;wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.2' are the same or different and each is hydrogen, an unbranched alkyl group, a halide or a group having the structure ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen, an alkoxide group, an alkyl group, or OH; wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.3' are the same or different and each is hydrogen or an alkyl group;wherein X and X' are the same or different and each is a water soluble group having weak to intermediate ligand field strength; andQ is a soluble, pharmaceutically acceptable negative ion.The invention also provides a method of treating a subject having a condition associated with the presence of free radicals in quantities sufficient to cause undesirable symptoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition of a complex compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.1, are the same or different and each is an alkyl group, a phenyl group or a substituted derivative of a phenyl group;wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.2, are the same or different and each is hydrogen, an unbranched alkyl group, a halide or a group having the structure ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen, an alkoxide group, an alkyl group, or OH; wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.3, are the same or different and each is hydrogen or an alkyl group;wherein X and X' are the same or different and each is a water soluble group having weak to intermediate ligand field strength; andQ is a soluble, pharmaceutically acceptable negative ion.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for enhancing .sup.19 F magnetic resonance imaging which utilize trifluoromethyl derivatives of iodinated X-ray contrast media. Typical magnetic resonance contrast media within the scope of the present invention include bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivatives, tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivatives, tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivatives, and other related trifluoromethylated benzene derivatives.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I are described[R.sup.1 (Fe.sup.II R.sup.2 .sub.a ].sub.q.sup.+an anX.sup.-q (I)in which a is 1 or 2, n is 1 or 2, R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted .pi.-arene, R.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted .pi.-arene or cyclopentadienyl anion or indenyl anion, q is an integer from 1 to 3, and X is FSO.sup.-.sub.3 or a q-valent anion of an organic sulfonic acid or of a carbocyclic acid; R.sup.1 can also be a polymeric, aromatic ligand. The invetion particularly relates to the compounds of the formula I wherein a is 1 and q is 1 and X.sup.

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of tumor cells in a subject of for the treating of undesirable symptoms associated with the presence of free radicals. The compositions comprising a complex compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.1, are the same or different and each is an alkyl group, a phenyl group or a substituted derivative of a phenyl group;wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.2, are the same or different and each is hydrogen, an unbranched alkyl group, a halide or a group having the structure ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen, an alkoxide group, an alkyl group, or OH; wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.3, are the same or different and each is hydrogen or an alkyl group;wherein X and X' are the same or different and each is a water soluble group having weak to intermediate ligand field strength; andQ is a soluble, pharmaceutically acceptable negative ion and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a solution of a non-ferrous metal sulphonate by reacting a non-ferrous metal with a sulphonic acid, the non-ferrous metal being brought into contact with a sulphonic acid at a temperature of from 20.degree. to 120.degree. C. in the presence of oxygen or oxygen-containing gases.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds which are useful as initiators for cationically polymerizable monomers. The novel compounds comprise a carbon containing cation (e.g., trimethyloxonium) which is capable of initiating cationic polymerization and a non-nucleophilic counterion which is an at least partially fluorinated hydrocarbylsulfonato metallate (e.g. perfluoroethylsulfonato-aluminate). The disclosed initiators are capable of initiating the cationic polymerization of a wide variety of monomers such as epoxides, tetrahydrofuans, oxazolines, vinyls, lactones, and the like.

Abstract: Iron(III)-complexes of compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes a substituent,m denotes 1 or 2 andn denotes 0, 1 or 2are valuable and biodegradable bleaching agents for photographic elements.

Abstract: A method for producing sulphatoalkyl acrylates or methacrylates having the general formula; ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is H or CH.sub.3, R.sub.2 is one or more alkoxylate groups each of which has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, comprises reacting a hydroxy alkyl acrylate or methacrylate having the formula; ##STR2## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above, with chlorosulphonic acid at a temperature of less than 20.degree. C. to form the acid ester. Salts of the acid ester may be produced by reaction with a basic metal salt, ammonium salt or quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: The bond strength between a sulphur-vulcanisable rubber and a metal, especially brass, is increased by using as bonding promoter an organic substance containing one or more groups of the formula --S--SO.sub.2 R where R represents (a) a radical --OM where M is a monovalent metal, the equivalent of a multivalent metal, a monovalent ion derived by the addition of a proton to a nitrogeneous base or the equivalent of a multivalent ion derived by the addition of two or more protons to a nitrogeneous base, or (b) an organic radical. Preferred promoters include sodium, zinc, nickel and cobalt organothiosulphates.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are organometallic ternary charge transfer complexes of the formula (I)a(RX).multidot.MX.multidot.b(Ar) (I)whereinRX is an inorganic chloride or fluoride which contains at least one oxygen and/or sulfur atom and is capable of forming a complex salt a(R).multidot.MX.sub.(a+m) with the Lewis acid MX.sub.m, such as NOCl or NOF,MX.sub.m is a Lewis acid metal chloride or fluoride, such as BCl.sub.3, BF.sub.3, AlCl.sub.3, GaCl.sub.3, TlCl.sub.3, AsCl.sub.3, AsF.sub.5, SbCl.sub.5, FeCl.sub.3, SnCl.sub.4, TiCl.sub.4, ZrCl.sub.4, NbCl.sub.5, TaCl.sub.5, MoCl.sub.5 and WCl.sub.6,Ar is an aromatic compound, such as napthalene, anthracene, thiophene, furan and benzene which is unsubstituted or substituted with lower alkyl, halogen, diloweralkylamino, oxo or lower alkoxy,m is an integer representing the valency of the metal M,a is an integer selected such that the sum of a and m does not exceed the coordination number of the metal M of the given valency,b is 0.

Abstract: Compounds containing an organic thiosulphate anion and cationic nickel or cobalt in association with an amine, are useful in increasing the bond strength between metal, especially brass, and vulcanized rubber. Typical complexes are those where the anion is dodecylthiosulphate or hexamethylenebis(thiosulphate), and the amine is ethylenediamine or N-benzyl-N-t-octylamine.

Abstract: Novel complexes are prepared from water-soluble compounds having at least one amidocarbonylic unit and a square planar organometallic compound.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of addition products of epoxides and hydroxylated compounds, characterized by the fact that it comprises the reaction of an epoxide and a hydroxylated compound in the homogeneous liquid phase, in the presence, as catalyst, of a salt of trifluoromethanesulphonic acid.

Abstract: The bond strength between a sulphur-vulcanizable rubber and a metal, especially brass, is increased by using as bonding promoter an organic substance containing one or more groups of the formula --S--SO.sub.2 R where R represents (a) a radical --OM where M is a monovalent metal, the equivalent of a multivalent metal, a monovalent ion derived by the addition of a proton to a nitrogeneous base or the equivalent of a multivalent ion derived by the addition of two or more protons to a nitrogeneous base, or (b) an organic radical. Preferred promoters include sodium, zinc, nickel and cobalt organothiosulphates.