Abstract: A method for preparing surface-modified nano silicon dioxide from rice hulls. The method includes: 1) pretreating rice hulls using a treating gas containing CO2 to remove metal ions, impurities, and dusts, and desiccating and grinding the rice hulls; 2) submerging the rice hulls into a dilute solution of phosphoric acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, or a strong-acid-weak-base salt for between 4 and 8 hrs, controlling the immersion temperature not to exceed 10° C., leaching a resulting mixture, removing a filtrate, and desiccating the rice hulls; and 3) calcining the rice hulls in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of between 300 and 450° C.

Abstract: Glucopyranosyl-substituted benzene derivatives of general formula I where the groups R1 to R6 as well as R7a, R7b, R7c are defined herein and the tautomers, the stereoisomers thereof, the mixtures thereof and the salts thereof. The compounds according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Abstract: An aromatic ring-containing polymer for a resist underlayer, the polymer including a unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: wherein, R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, a C1 to C10 alkyl group, or an aromatic group, A is a functional group derived from an aromatic compound with a heteroatom or without a heteroatom, and n is an integer of one or more.

Abstract: Vulcanizates with desirable properties can be obtained from compounds incorporating polymers that include hydroxyl group-containing ?-methylstyrene functionalities. The functionalities can be incorporated by using any or all of appropriate initiators, monomers and optional terminating compounds. Such polymers exhibit excellent interactivity with both conventional and non-conventional fillers.

Abstract: A compound capable of satisfying both high refractive index and high light resistance, and a photocurable composition containing it, are provided. Further, an optical element having good light resistance against blue laser light, and an optical head device using it, are provided. A polymerizable compound represented by SiA1A2A3A4 wherein silicon and four cyclic groups are bonded directly or via oxygen. each of A1, A2, A3 and A4 which are independent of one another, is —(O)m—X; and each of four m's which are independent of one another, is 0 or 1. X is preferably a phenyl group. From 0 to 3 hydrogen atoms in the phenyl group are substituted by a polymerizable substituent represented by CH2?CR—COO—Y—, and some or all of remaining hydrogen atoms in the phenyl group may be substituted by a methyl group or a fluorine atom.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of designing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) which have applications in extracting bioactive compounds from a range of bioprocessing feedstocks and wastes. The present invention is further directed to MIPs designed by the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: An insulating film material for plasma CVD of the present invention is constituted of a silicon compound including two hydrocarbon groups bonded to each other to form a ring structure together with a silicon atom, or at least one branched hydrocarbon group, wherein within the branched hydrocarbon group, ?-carbon that is a carbon atom bonded to the silicon atom constitutes a methylene group, and ?-carbon that is a carbon atom bonded to the methylene group or ?-carbon that is a carbon atom bonded to the ?-carbon is a branching point.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide novel antibacterials that target penicillin-binding proteins or other important cellular targets. Methods for inhibiting growth (reproduction, etc.) of bacteria using compounds described herein are also provided. Various embodiments exhibit activity against gram positive bacteria, such as certain strains of Entercoccus and Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract: There is provided a production method in which bis(nitrato)platinum complex, optionally in the concurrent presence of dihalo-platinum complex, and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(glutamic acid) are used at specific ratios and reacted. Coordination compound of an anti-tumor platinum complex with a block copolymer having carboxyl groups on its side chains is efficiently produced.

Abstract: The present invention concerns fine organic synthesis, particularly the method for preparing of substituted adamantylarylmagnesium halides. The known methods for preparing Grignard's reagent from substituted adamantylarylhalide give very low yeld of the desired product. Substituted adamantylarylhalides are active intermediates that by interacting with various electrophiles provide for a wide range of biologically active compounds. The aim of current invention was to develop a method for preparing substituted adamantylarylmagnesium halides. The aim was attained adding lithium chloride in the Grignard's reagent synthesis by acting on is magnesium metal in dry tetrahydrofuran under argon by substituted adamantylarylhalide. It was demonstrated that adding lithium chloride to adamantylarylhalide within a range from 1:1 to 1:2 provides for stable high yield of the desired end product.

Abstract: Polymerizable silicon-containing compounds of formula (1) wherein R1 is hydrogen, halogen or monovalent organic group are polymerized into polymers.

Abstract: A method of producing a highly stable packaging substrate in which are provided a first precursor having a first backbone and a first ethynyl group, and a second precursor having a second backbone and a second ethynyl group. Furthermore provided is a crosslinker having a first and a second reactive group. The first precursor, the second precursor, the crosslinker, and a solvent are applied onto a surface to form an electrically insulating layer. The first ethynyl group is reacted with the first reactive group in a first carbon-carbon bond formation reaction and the second ethynyl group is reacted with the second reactive group in a second carbon-carbon bond formation reaction to crosslink the first backbone with the second backbone, thereby forming the packaging substrate. The solvent is removed in a further step.

Abstract: This invention provides a sterol-modified silicone compound which is low melting, hydrophilic and very suitable for emulsifying, represented by the general formula R1aR2bSiO(4.a.b)/2, and having a melting point of 40° C.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the synthetic processes outlined in Schemes 1, 2 and 3, to the novel intermediates recited therein, and to the uses of these compounds as synthetic precursors to the pseudopterosins. Other embodiments and aspects of the present invention include the novel synthetic procedures described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new stereoselective method for the preparation of tris-O-substituted-(E)-1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethene derivative of the formula (I) which is a key intermediate in the synthesis of trans-resveratrol (I, R2=R2=R3=H). The invention also provides a method for the exclusive synthesis of trans-isomer of compounds of formula (I) without any contamination of cis-isomer.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of hydroxythiol compounds by reacting a hydroxyl-protected halide compound having the structure: X—R—OPg with magnesium in a Grignard-suitable solvent to form a hydroxyl-protected magnesium halide compound, wherein R is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic radicals, substituted or unsubstituted cyclic aliphatic radicals, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radicals, substituted or unsubstituted araliphatic radicals and substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic radicals; Pg is a protecting group; and X is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I; then reacting said hydroxyl-protected magnesium halide compound with sulfur in the Grignard-suitable solvent to form a hydroxyl-protected thiomagnesium halide compound; and hydrolyzing the protected hydroxyl group to form a hydroxythiomagnesium halide compound and converting the thiomagnesium halide to a thiol; wherein the protecting group is selected so that species formed by the de-protection

Abstract: The invention relates to modified cationic photoinitiators which exhibit a reduced tendency to crystallize, to a process for reducing the crystallization tendency of cationic photoinitiators, and to the use of the photoinitiators of the invention for the radiation curing of cationically curing compositions. The inventive cationic photoinitiators have the formula (IV): [R1—I—R2]+X− where R1 is a radical R2 is a radical in which Ar is a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon radical and D being a radical and the remaining variables are defined herein.

Abstract: A compound of formula (II), wherein R1 is chloro, fluoro or trifluoromethyl; R2 is hydrogen, chloro, fluoro or trifluoromethyl; and R is hydrogen or a protective group for the hydroxy moiety useful as an intermediate for the synthesis of antimycotic azole compounnds.

Abstract: A process for producing compounds of the formula (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiORLi, wherein R is selected from alkyl groups containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, by reacting, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, in an inert atmosphere, a haloalcohol of the formula HORX, wherein R is selected from alkyl groups containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms and X is selected from chlorine or bromine, is reacted with neat hexamethyldisilazane at a temperature between 20.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., optionally in the presence of a catalyst, after which the resulting product, a trimethylsilyloxyalkylhalide compound, is reacted at a temperature between 50.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., with powdered lithium metal, in an inert hydrocarbon medium, to produce the (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiORLi compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalyst supports and improvements thereof for use with supported activators and supported transition metal catalyst systems. The invention specifically involves reacting a carrier containing reactive functionalities, e.g., hydroxyl containing silica, with halogenated organic compounds, e.g., fluorosubstituted phenols. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a base. The reaction consumes undesired functionalities on the support to provide a halogenated support which is suitable for activators and catalytic precursors which are adversely affected by functionalities typically found on supports. The supported activators or catalytic precursors are prepared by contacting the precursors or activators with the halogenated support.

Abstract: Dioxetanes which couple with organic and biological molecules of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a leaving group which is removed by an activating agent to produce light, wherein A is a coupling substituent, Ar is a substituent selected from the group consisting of phenyl and naphthyl to provide a label are described. R.sub.1 is an optional linker substituent and can have between 1 and 30 carbon atoms with some of the carbon atoms being oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or phosphorus. Ar as phenyl is preferred. The dioxetane coupled molecules are useful in assays of all types where luminescence can be used as an indicator.

Abstract: A process for preparing functionalized alkyllithium compounds includes reacting in an inert solvent a protected functionalized alkyl halide with an alkali metal in the presence of a catalytic compound of the formula(RR.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.a).sub.y A(R.sup.3).sub.xwherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or alkenyl groups containing one to thirteen carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is independently selected from aryl groups containing 6 to 18 carbon atoms, four to six-membered heterocyclic carbon containing groups containing one to two heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, monoalkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl and dialkylphosphinoalkyl groups containing two to thirteen carbon atoms; M.sup.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxybenzocyclobutene is prepared by the demethylation of 4-methoxybenzocyclobutene in the presence of aluminum iodide. A new compound 4-trimethylsiloxybenzocyclobutene is prepared by reacting 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene with chlorotrimethylsilane.

Abstract: A process for producing compounds of the formula (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiORLi, wherein R is selected from alkyl groups containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, by reacting, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, in an inert atmosphere, a haloalcohol of the formula HORX, wherein R is selected from alkyl groups containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms and X is selected from chlorine or bromine, is reacted with neat hexamethyldisilazane at a temperature between 20.degree. C. and 200.degree. C., optionally in the presence of a catalyst, after which the resulting product, a trimethylsilyloxyalkylhalide compound, is reacted at a temperature between 50.degree. C. and 160.degree. C., with powdered lithium metal, in an inert hydrocarbon medium, to produce the (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiORLi compound.

Abstract: This invention includes di- and tri(alkoxysilylalkyl)- or haloalkoxysilylalkylcyclic pentanes, which may have substituents thereon, including vinyl groups, and their use as waterproofing agents, as crosslinking agents in room temperature vulcanizing silicone caulks, in coating compositions and as surface treatments. The cyclic hydrocarbons are pentane (C.sub.s). The silane groups are attached to the ring through an alkyl group, which may have substituents thereon. Multiple silane groups may be attached to the ring. The silanes may have the standard substituents thereon, including alkoxy and halogens.The specific silanes contemplated herein have the following formula:R.sub.a X.sub.3-a Si(CR'.sub.2).sub.n !.sub.b cycloC.sub.5 R".sub.

Abstract: A process for producing compounds of the formula (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiORLi where in R is selected from alkyl groups containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms by reacting, in an inert atmosphere, in a hydrocarbon solvent, a haloalcohol of the formula HORX wherein R is selected from alkyl groups containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms and X is selected from chlorine or bromine, is reacted with hexamethyldisilazane at a temperature between 20.degree. C. and the reflux temmperature of the solvent after which the resulting product, a trimethylsilyloxyalkylhalide compound, is reacted at a temperature between 50.degree. and 160.degree. C., with powdered lithium metal to produce the (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiORLi compound.

Abstract: Novel alkenes leading to light producing 1,2-dioxetanes of the formula ##STR1## wherein ArOX is an aryl ring substituted with an X oxy group and A are passive organic groups which allow the 1,2-dioxetane to produce light when triggered by removing X. X is a chemically labile group which is removed by an activating agent. The 1,2-dioxetane compounds can be triggered to produce light at room temperatures.

Abstract: A process for preparing functionalized alkyllithium compounds comprising reacting a fine particle size lithium metal of not more than 300 microns average particle size with an organosiloxyalkyl halide of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 SiORX wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from alkyl groups containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and aryl groups containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, R is selected from alkyl groups containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms either straight chain or substituted by alkyl or aryl groups, X is selected from chlorine or bromine, the reaction temperature is above 50.degree. C., the reaction medium is a hydrocarbon solvent and the reaction is conducted in an inert atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to the manufacture and use of aryl-propyl-aminic compounds having the following formula ##STR1## that have a high antifungal activity and are useful in the agricultural field as fungicides.

Abstract: New polymers are disclosed to be made in supported Ziegler-Natta systems. They include monomers exhibiting polar functionality such as through a hydroxyl group or other functional group protected during polymerization in the presence of highly active catalysts by the use of a protective alkyl silane group which is removed after polymerization to restore the functionality of the group. The typical polymer thus made is a polyolefin having functional groups on its backbone; the functional groups may be reacted with conventional dyes and/or may perform other functions and enter reactions with other reactive compounds.

Abstract: Trialkylsilyloxy-1,1-diphenyl ethylenes corresponding to general formula I, new polymers produced therewith terminated by aryl trialkylsilyl ether groups or by phenolic hydroxyl groups and a process for the production of these polymers by anionic polymerization ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 .dbd.H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, OCH.sub.3,R.sup.3 .dbd.H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, O--C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.4 .dbd.H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.5 .dbd.C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.6 .dbd.H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.

Abstract: Novel silanes having sterically hindered aminohydrocarbyl groups of the formula X.sub.3 SiRCR'.sub.2 NR".sub.2 and having utility as coupling agents and a process for their preparation are described.

Abstract: Silyl derivatives of 2,6 dimethyl, 4-allyl phenol include compositions of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from alkyl and phenyl groups having up to about eight carbon atoms and/or are connected to form one or more rings. They may be made by silylating the corresponding hydroxyl compound. They are useful as comonomers for olefins to introduce functional sites in high molecular weight copolymers.

Abstract: A bisindenyl derivate of the formula I ##STR1## (M.sup.1 =Si or Ge, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 =unsubstituted or substituted idenyl radical)is obtained in very good yield by reacting a compound of the formula II ##STR2## (X=halogen) with a compound of the formula III or IVR.sup.6 -M.sup.2 (III) R.sup.7 -M.sup.2 (IV)(M.sup.2 =alkali metal)if, in the reaction, compound III or IV is added slowly to compound II.Compound I is suitable as a starting material for the preparation of metallocene catalyst components.

Abstract: Silyl derivatives of 2-allyl phenol include compositions of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from alkyl and phenyl groups having up to about twelve carbon atoms. They may be made by silylating the corresponding hydroxyl compound. They are useful as comonomers for olefins to introduce functional sites by Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems.

Abstract: Trialkylsilyloxy-1,1-diphenyl ethylenes corresponding to general formula I, new polymers produced therewith terminated by aryl trialkylsilyl ether groups or by phenolic hydroxyl groups and a process for the production of these polymers by anionic polymerization ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, OCH.sub.3,R.sup.3 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, O--C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.4 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.5 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.6 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.

Abstract: Disclosed are 2-silacoumaranes and their o-allylphenolsilane monoester precursors and methods for their preparation. The benzene ring of these new compounds may be substituted with halogen and/or alkyl or alkyl halogen moieties. The cyclization of monoester precursor to the desired end products is performed in the presence of catalysts. This cyclization can be performed without the isolation of the o-allyphenolsilane monoester by feeding by the cyclization reactor with the starting products for the preparation of this intermediate directly after they have reacted, or, if trichlorosilane is the starting product, directly after they have been mixed.Among other applications, the invention compounds are suitable for use as adhesion mediators and additives for coating compositions.

Abstract: Silyl derivatives of 2,6 dimethyl, 4-allyl phenol include compositions of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from alkyl and phenyl groups having up to about eight carbon atoms. They may be made by silylating the corresponding hydroxyl compound. They are useful as comonomers for olefins to introduce functional sites in high molecular weight copolymers.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: Y is an alkylene bridge of 3-9 carbon atoms;Z is N or HC;R is hydrogen or lower-alkyl of 1-5 carbon atoms, with the proviso that when Z is N, R is lower-alkyl;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen, halogen, lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy, nitro, lower-alkoxycarbonyl or trifluoromethyl; andHet is selected from specified heterocyclic groups,are useful and antiviral agents, particularly against picornaviruses, including numerous strains of rhinovirus.

Abstract: ((Hydroxyphenyl)silane derivatives of the formula ##STR1## are effective in stabilizing organic materials against oxidative, thermal and actinic degradation, said derivatives being particularly effective as process stabilizers in organic materials containing phenolic antioxidants.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of alpha-aryl and alpha-heteroaryl ketones useful as intermediates in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals, which process operates according to the following reaction scheme: ##STR1##

Abstract: A method is described for the control of nematodes in agricultural crops which comprises applying to the situs of infestation of a nematicidal composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein Q is hydroxy, carbamoyloxy, or acyloxy, R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, X is halogen or methyl, n is 1 or 2. Preparation of active ingredient compounds is described, and nematicidal utility of compositions is exemplified.

Abstract: 3,5-Di(t-butyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl and 3,5-di(t-butyl)-4-hydroxybenzoyl-substituted pyridines have pharmacological activity as antiinflammatory agents.

Abstract: A homo- or copolymer of a 1,3-diene bound to reactive silyl groups, whereby it contains 0.4-12% by weight of bound silicon, is prepared by reacting, at a temperature of 190.degree.-300.degree. C., a 1,3-diene homo- or copolymer, with more than 1% of its aliphatic double bonds in conjugation and having a molecular weight (Mn) of 400-6,000, with a silane of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 2-20 carbon atoms,X is halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkoxyalkoxy, C.sub.6-12 aryloxy, C.sub.1-8 alkanoyloxy, C.sub.1-6 ketoximato or C.sub.1-10 hydrocarbylamido, andY and Z are independently one of the X groups, hydrogen, alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5-12 carbon atoms, or optionally substituted phenyl.

Abstract: Polyalkoxysilylenolethers, for example, methyldimethoxyisopropenoxysilane, are provided and a method for making such silanes. The dialkoxysilylenolethers can be used as end-capping silanes for making noncorrosive RTV compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different groups selected from hydrogen or acyl orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together may represent an acetal group, andX and Y are the same or different groups selected from hydroxy, an etherified hydroxy and an esterified hydroxy group,having valuable lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulating properties.

Abstract: A composition comprising (a) an organic compound having at least one hydrolyzable silyl group and (b) an organic amine and/or an alkali metal hydroxide. The composition is curable upon exposure to moisture, and has superior properties, such as hardness, toughness and stain resistance, when used for example as a coating. The composition can be utilized as a coating material.

Abstract: Accelerators useful for the cure of epoxy resin compositions are derived from the silylation of substituted catechol derivatives.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cross-linking radically cross-linkable polymers and for stabilizing such polymers against oxidative and/or thermal decomposition. The method is developed so that rapid and economical cross-linking of radically cross-linkable polymers is obtained in the presence of oxidation inhibitors without adverse effects on the cross-linking process due to the oxidation inhibitor. For this purpose, the invention provides that the cross-linking is carried out in the presence of oxidation inhibitors, wherein the inhibition-active --OH and/or --NH functions are at least partially substituted by protective silyl- and/or silylene groups, the inhibitor molecule containing at least one Si-alkenyl group. The method according to the invention is suitable for use with radical as well as radiation-cross-linkable polymer.