Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solution of a diacid and diamine salt for manufacturing polyamide is described. A method for manufacturing an aqueous solution of diacid and diamine salts produced by mixing at least two diacids and at least one diamine, with a weight concentration of salt between 40% and 70%, including, in a first step, preparing an aqueous solution of diacid(s) and diamine(s) with a diacid/diamine mole ratio of less than 1 using one diacid and one diamine, and in a second step, adjusting the mole ratio of diacids/diamine(s) to a value of between 0.9 and 1.1, and fixing the weight concentration of salt by adding another diacid and, optionally, additional water and/or diamine is also described.

Abstract: A plasma treatment has been used to modify the surface of BNNTs. In one example, the surface of the BNNT has been modified using ammonia plasma to include amine functional groups. Amine functionalization allows BNNTs to be soluble in chloroform, which had not been possible previously. Further functionalization of amine-functionalized BNNTs with thiol-terminated organic molecules has also been demonstrated. Gold nanoparticles have been self-assembled at the surface of both amine- and thiol-functionalized boron nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) in solution. This approach constitutes a basis for the preparation of highly functionalized BNNTs and for their utilization as nanoscale templates for assembly and integration with other nanoscale materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of salts of weakly coordinating anions of the type according to the following formula (1), (2) or (3): M[F—X(OR F)m]z (1), M[(FRO)mX—F—X(ORF)m]z (2), M[(FRO)mX—F—X(ORF)n—F—X(ORF)m]z (3), these salts of weakly coordinating anions and use thereof.

Abstract: A coloring matter absorbing a near-infrared ray which comprises a diimonium salt containing a sulfonimide as an anion moiety, represented by the general formula (1): wherein R may be the same or different and represents a moiety selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, a cyanoalkyl group, an aryl group, a hydroxyl group, a phenyl group, and a phenylalkylene group, and R1 and R2 may be the same or different and each represent a fluoroalkyl group, or together form a fluoroalkylene group. The coloring matter absorbing a near-infrared ray is excellent in the resistance to heat and moisture, and thus exhibits an ability of absorbing a near-infrared ray not lowering for a long period of time.

Abstract: A process of fragmenting and labeling a synthetic or natural nucleic acid, comprising the steps of providing a mixture containing a nucleic acid, a labeling agent containing a detectable label, and at least one multivalent metal cation in a substantially aqueous solution; chemically fragmenting the nucleic acid in the mixture to produce a multiplicity of nucleic acid fragments; and attaching at least one label to at least one of the nucleic acid fragments to produce a detectably labeled nucleic acid fragment.

Abstract: A method of solvating metal ions in an aromatic organic liquid. The method includes adding an ammonium salt having an organic acid reagent to the aromatic organic liquid. The organic acid reagent comprises a carboxylate having eight (8) or less carbon atoms. Thereafter, an aqueous solution comprising a metal salt is added to the aromatic organic liquid comprising the ammonium salt and the organic acid reagent. As a result, at least 10% by weight of metal ions is solvated in the aromatic organic liquid.

Abstract: An improved aqueous cathodic electrocoating composition having a binder of an epoxy-amine adduct which is an epoxy resin that has been reacted with an amine, a blocked polyisocyanate crosslinking agent and an organic or inorganic acid as the neutralizing agent for the epoxy amine adduct; where the improvement is a catalyst of an alkyl tin oxide that has been dissolved with an organic or inorganic acid to provide a clear cathodic electrocoating composition.

Abstract: A platinum complex is described to include a platinum(IV) metal center so positioned and oriented in the complex so as to complex in cis orientations with two hydride groups and with an alkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for labeling a synthetic or natural ribonucleic acid (RNA). It also relates to RNA fragments, which have been labeled by fragmenting the RNA to free a terminal phosphate of each fragment for further reaction, and labeling each fragment at the freed terminal phosphate which is located at the 3′ end and/or the 5′ end of each fragment of the RNA, and to the use of such RNA fragments, for example, in the field of medical diagnosis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel transition metal composition of a metaracycle structure represented by the formula wherein M1 is an element of Group IVB in the Periodic Table, M2 is an element of Group IIIA in the Periodic Table, R1 and R2 each are for instance a cyclopentadienyl group, R3 and R4 each are for instance a hydrocarbon group, R5 and R6 each are a hydrogen atom and R7 and R8 indicate an indan ring formed by bonding to each other.

Abstract: Stabilization of alkyltin compounds that are liquid at room temperature, especially alkyltin trihalides, is achieved by addition of 0.1 to 10 wt. % of one or more compounds that are soluble in the alkyltin compounds and that are reactive with water.

Abstract: The present invention provides the first examples of metal complexes that show catalytic behavior in RNA transesterification under physiological relevant conditions i.e., 37.degree. C. and neutral pH. The metal complexes are catalytically active and kinetically inert to metal ion dissociation.The metal complexes are formed by the union of a central metal ion with a non-metallic ion or molecule. The metal ion comprises copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, palladium, lead, iridium, maganese, iron, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, ruthenium, bismuth, cadmium, yttrium, magnesium, rhodium, uranium, the transition metals and the Lanthanide metals. The non-metallic ion comprises a ligand or complexing agent. The preferred ligand is one which strongly chelates lanthanides, and more preferably, forms a cationic complex of the lanthanides.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor is provided that is useful in the selective hydrogenation of olefinic unsaturation in polymers or copolymers. The precursor comprises a palladium salt that is complexed with a complexing agent selected from the gronp consisting of organic phosphates, dialkylidene acetones, and tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxides. The catalyst precursor may be nsed in batch, step-wise addition, or continuous systems.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound of the formula[NH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 ].sub.a [C.sub.6 H.sub.3 (COOH) (SO.sub.3 H) (OH)].sub.bwhereina is 1 andb is from 1 to 2.The compound is useful for stabilizing tin (II) compounds against oxidation, in particular in the electrolytic coloring of aluminium or aluminium alloys.

Abstract: A crosslinker composition that can produce delayed crosslinking of an aqueous solution of a crosslinkable organic polymer. The composition comprises an organic titanium complex. The composition further contains an organic hydroxycarboxylic acid, preferably hydroxyacetic acid. The pH of the composition is preferably less than 5. The pH of the composition is further preferably such that when sufficient amount of composition is added to an aqueous polymer solution to result in delayed crosslinking of the polymer, the composition produces a pH in the resulting gel solution, preferably of between about 3 to about 4.5. Gel solutions produced using the composition are particularly useful in fracturing subterranean formations, and in particular in fracturing subterranean formations penetrated by an oil well in which fracturing process carbon dioxide and a proppant are added to the fracturing fluid.

Abstract: Various organometallic crosslinkers containing titanium or zirconium atoms in the +4 oxidation (valence) state have been used to crosslink solvatable polysaccharides (e.g., hydroxypropyl guar) in aqueous media. The crosslinked gels are useful as fracturing fluids. Aqueous solutions of the organometallic crosslinkers are stabilized against deterioration upon storage by adding an alkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine). Additionally, the alkanolamines also stabilize the crosslinked gels against shear degradation at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Various organometallic crosslinkers containing titanium or zirconium atoms in the +4 oxidation (valence) state have been used to crosslink solvatable polysaccharides (e.g., hydroxypropyl guar) in aqueous media. The crosslinked gels are useful as fracturing fluids. Aqueous solutions of the organometallic crosslinkers are stabilized against deterioration upon storage by adding an alkanolamine (e.g., triethanolamine). Additionally, the alkanolamines also stabilize the crosslinked gels against shear degradation at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A sulfate-free clear green solution of chromium(III) propionate is prepared by mixing aqueous propionic acid containing up to 55 weight percent propionic acid with a chromium(VI) oxidant, such as a dichromate or chromate, and a sulfur-containing reductant, such as a bisulfite, which on reacting yields two phases: a lower sulfate-containing phase for discard or recycle and an upper phase solution of sulfate-free clear green propionate-sequestered chromium(III), the latter phase being stabilized with additional acid. The upper phase solution is useful for crosslinking polymeric viscosifiers such as partially hydrolyzed acrylamide-based polymers and the like in permeability contrast corrections in enhanced oil recovery operations.

Abstract: A process for preparing clear green chromium(III) propionate solutions which comprises admixing such as propionic acid with water, a chromium(VI) source such as dichromate, adding thereto a nitrite, such as sodium nitrite, to reduce the chromium(VI) to chromium(III), in the presence of excess acid, preferably propionic acid, optionally combined with additional acid such as muriatic acid, to produce a stable solution useful with polymers, such as partially hydrolyzed acrylamide-based polymers, in permeability contrast correction procedures for high permeability streaks in oil field treatments.