Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing phosphorohalidate characterized in that a crude reaction product obtained by reacting a phosphorus oxyhalide with an aromatic hydroxy compound in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst is purified by distillation in the presence of an alkali metal salt. The process of the invention produces a high-purity phosphorohalidate in high yield which contains no impurities such as the phosphorus oxihalidate and aromatic hydroxy compound used as starting materials and the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of liquid meta-rich triaryl phosphate esters having low triphenyl phosphate content and low viscosity comprises (a) an alkylation stage wherein a phenol is reacted with an olefin having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the presence of a strong acid catalyst to give a reaction product comprising a mixture of meta and para alkylated phenols; and (b) a transalkylation stage wherein the mixture of alkylated phenols from the alkylation stage is heated in the presence of a strong acid catalyst to increase the meta isomer content of the mixture to at least 25% whilst maintaining a phenol level below 22%; and (c) a phosphorylation stage wherein the mixture of alkylated phenols from the transalkylation stage is reacted with a phosphorylating agent; and wherein the strong acid catalyst used in stages (a) and (b) is a Bronsted acid having an acid strength of less than zero. Preferred catalysts are activated clays such as bentonite, montmorillonite or Fullers Earth clay.

Abstract: A process for preparing an ester compound comprising reacting a halogen-substituted aliphatic hydroxy compound or aromatic hydroxy compound with a phosphorus oxyhalide or phosphorus pentahalide in the presence of 0.005 to 10 mol % of a phosphorus trihalide with respect to the hydroxy compound to obtain a phosphoric ester compound. Phosphoric ester compounds of high purity containing less coloring components can be prepared without using an antioxidant.

Abstract: A surfactant composition represented by Formulas (I), (II) or (III); or optionally mixtures thereof ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrophobic moiety of alkyl or aryl, and wherein alkyl contains from about 4 to about 60 carbon atoms and aryl contains from about 6 to about 60 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl, wherein alkyl contains from 1 to about 60 carbon atoms and aryl contains from about 6 to about 60; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl of from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms; A is a hydrophilic polymer chain; m is the number of repeating segments of the hydrophilic polymer chain and is a number of from about 2 to about 500.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing tris(tribromoneopentyl) phosphate (TTBNPP), which is of value as a flame retardant. The process comprises reacting tribromoneopentyl alcohol with a phosphorus oxyhalide in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride as catalyst in an organic solvent to give tris(tribromoneopentyl) phosphate characterized in that a basic magnesium salt is added to the reaction mixture at the completion of the reaction. Compared with the conventional production technology, the process of the invention is conducive to high production safety and insures a high yield and a high recovery rate through a simplified procedure.

Abstract: Phosphoric esters (mono-, di- or triester) is useful as, for example, a cleaner, an emulsifier, an antistatic agent, metal-chelating agent and a lubricant for fibers. It is produced at a high yield while completely trapping the hydrogen chloride gas formed as a by-product. The reaction between a phosphorus oxyhalide and an organic hydroxyl compound to produce a phosphoric ester is effected in the presence of a metal salt of an acid having a pKa of from -5 to 13.

Abstract: A process is provided for making halogen-substituted triaryl phosphate esters which are normally solid under ambient conditions. The process comprises reacting a halogenated phenol with phosphorus oxychloride in the presence of a magnesium chloride catalyst above the melting point of the desired product. After the reaction is complete the product is recovered by adding an alcohol, such as, pentanol, 2-ethyl hexanol or hexanol and cooling the resulting mixture below the melting point of the product.

Abstract: A method of producing a halogenated trialkyl phosphate ester which comprises admixing a halogenated hydroxy compound containing a halogen selected from the group consisting of bromine, chlorine, iodine and mixtures thereof, a phosphorus oxyhalide containing a halogen selected from the group consisting of bromine, chlorine, iodine and mixtures thereof, a solvent suitable to dissolve the halogenated hydroxy compound and the phosphorus oxyhalide, said solvent being substantially inert to hydrogen halide, and a catalyst suitable to increase the polarity of the phosphorus oxyhalide, refluxing said admixture sufficiently to form a trialkyl phosphate ester precipitate, and recovering this precipitate.