Abstract: This invention relates to a method for preparing 4-substituted-4-cyanocyclohexane carboxylates by forming the cyclohexane ring by treating a &agr;,&agr;-bis(2-haloethyl)-4-benzeneacetonitrile with a dialkyl malonate and decarboxylating the resulting diester.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition is produced by mixing a flammable organic material with an organic phosphorus-inorganic phosphorus oxyacid compound or its salts. The organic phosphorus-inorganic phosphorus oxyacid compounds are produced by reacting an organic phosphorus compound with an inorganic phosphorus oxyacid. The organic phosphorus-inorganic phosphorus oxyacid compound may be reacted with a basic salt forming compound. The flammable organic material such as thermoplastic resins are made less flammable by melting-kneading the flammable material with the organic phosphorus-inorganic phosphorus oxyacid compound or it's basic salt, carbonization auxiliaries, a metal-containing compound having a carbonization acceleration effect, a comb-like polymer and a filler.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of glycerol di- or triphosphate derivatives comprising coupling the phosphate group of a glycerol monophosphate derivative in which one of the phosphate hydroxyls is replaced by a leaving group, with the terminal phosphate group of a mono- or diphosphate compound or a salt thereof, in the presence of a basic catalyst, under anhydrous conditions.

Abstract: Glycol bisphosphate compounds are formed by first hydrolytically condensing a dihydrocarbylhalophosphate to form a tetrahydrocarbyl pyrophosphate and then reacting the pyrophosphate with a cyclic ether to form the glycol bisphosphate.