Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing carbamoyl phosphate, the method comprising reacting ammonia, ATP, bicarbonate and CO2, or a hydrated form thereof, in a composition in the presence of a carbamate kinase, wherein the ammonia and CO2, or hydrated form thereof, are converted to carbamate in a chemical reaction and the carbamate and ATP are converted to carbamoyl phosphate in an enzyme-catalysed reaction by the carbamate kinase, and wherein the pH of the composition is about 8 to about 12. The invention also relates to methods of producing urea.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a method of producing 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid (2,4-DHB) by a synthetic pathway comprising the transformation of malate in 4-phospho-malate using a malate kinase, said 4-phospho-malate being transformed in malate-4-semialdehyde using a malate semialdehyde dehydrogenase and said malate-4-semialdehyde being transformed in 2,4-DHB using a DHB dehydrogenase.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to phosphonic acid compounds useful as serine protease inhibitors, compositions thereof and methods for treating inflammatory and serine protease mediated disorders.

Abstract: A subject-matter of the invention is alkoxyamines resulting from ?-phosphorated nitroxides corresponding to the formula: in which R represents an alkyl radical having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 3, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a residue: in which R3 represents an alkyl radical having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 20, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 8, a phenyl radical, an alkali metal, such as Li, Na or K, H4N+, Bu4N+ or Bu3HN+, exhibiting a kinetic dissociation constant kd, measured at 120° C. by EPR, of greater than 0.05 s?1. These compounds can be used as initiators for the (co)polymerizations of at least one monomer which can be polymerized by the radical route.

Abstract: An insecticide of formula 1 and the agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, wherein: R1 is selected from the group consisting of: the group OR5 wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic; the group —NR6OH wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, carbocyclic and substituted carbocyclic; the group NR7R8 wherein R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl and carbocyclic; and the group wherein R1 is linked to R2 to form a diradical bridging group; R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, carbocyclic, substituted carbocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, acyl and substituted acyl; and A is a diradical linking group which has a molecular weight of preferably

Abstract: Phosphites of the formula I and phosphite-metal complexes, their preparation and their use in catalytic reactions, in particular in processes for the hydroformylation of olefins, are described.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein A is S or O; x is 0 or 1; a is SR10 or N(R11)(R12); R1 and R2 are C1–C24alkyl, OR10, CF3 or halogen; R3, R4 and R5 are hydrogen, C1–C24alkyl, OR10 or halogen; or two of the radicals R11 R21 R31 R4 and/or R9 together form C1–C2oalkylene uninterrupted or interrupted by O, S or NR13; R6, R11 R8 and R9 are hydrogen, C1–C24alkyl; C2–C24alkyl which is interrupted one or more times by non-consecutive O atoms and unsubstituted or substituted by OH and/or SH, or R6, R7, R8 and Rg are OR10; halogen; or phenyl unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by C-Calkyl; R10, R11 and R12 are e.g. hydrogen; X is e.g.

Abstract: Phosphites of the formula I or II and their metal complexes, their preparation and the use of the phosphites as ligands in catalytic reactions, in particular in processes for the hydroformylation of olefins, are described.

Abstract: Phosphites of the formula I 1

Abstract: Phosphites of the formula I or II 1

Abstract: A polymeric, phosphorus-containing composition made by heating, in the presence of an initiator, preferably a free radical initiator, and optionally in the presence of one or more comonomers, at least one substituted phosphonylated 2,2′-dihydroxyl-1,1′-binaphthalene or at least one substituted 2,2′-dihydroxyl-1,1′-biphenylene.

Abstract: A polymeric, phosphorus-containing composition made by heating, in the presence of an initiator, preferably a free radical initiator, and optionally in the presence of one or more comonomers, at least one substituted phosphonylated 2,2′-dihydroxyl-1,1′-binaphthalene or at least one substituted 2,2′-dihydroxyl-1,1′-biphenylene.

Abstract: This invention relates to covulcanizable anti-aging agents which can be produced by the reaction of p-phenylenediamines, which are optionally substituted, and/or of sterically hindered phenols, with bifunctional alkyl, aryl and/or aralkyl compounds and by subsequent reaction of the products thus obtained with sulfur and/or sulfur donor compounds. The anti-aging agents according to the present invention maintain their efficacy over a long period of time and are distinguished in particular by the fact that in practice, they are hardly extracted from the vulcanized products by water, by oil and/or petrol, or by hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: The object of the invention are novel halogen substituted methylenebisphosphonic acid anhydrides, ester anhydrides, amide anhydrides, and ester amide anhydrides, processes for the preparation of these novel compounds, as well as pharmaceutical preparations comprising these novel compounds.

Abstract: A dispersant for aqueous mill-bases obtainable by reacting a polyethylene glycol with a molar excess of a hydroxycarboxylic acid containing from 4 to 17 carbon atoms or lactone thereof and/or with a C3-4-alkylene oxide to form a polymeric diol and phosphating the diol. The preferred hydroxycarboxylic acid or lactone is &egr;-caprolactone.

Abstract: A dispersant for aqueous mill-bases obtainable by reacting a polyethylene glycol with a molar excess of a hydroxycarboxylic acid containing from 4 to 17 carbon atoms or lactone thereof and/or with a C.sub.3-4 -alkylene oxide to form a polymeric diol and phosphating the diol. The preferred hydroxycarboxylic acid or lactone is .epsilon.-caprolactone.

Abstract: Short-chain linear phosphazenes as well as products of their reactions with water, alcohols and organosiloxanes, and the like, are active catalysts for polycondensation and redistribution of organosiloxane polymers.

Abstract: Reaction products of sulfur-containing diacyl halides with phosphorodithioic acids and phenols or thiazoles are effective EP/antiwear and antioxidant additives for lubricants.

Abstract: Monoethylenically unsaturated compounds whose polymers are useful as polymeric photoinitiators are of formula Ar.sup.1 COC(R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)R.sup.3 where R.sup.1 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl or alkoxy, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, --X--O--R.sup.4 -OCOC(R.sup.5).dbd.CH.sub.2 (II) --X--NH--R.sup.6 --OCOC(R.sup.5).dbd.CH.sub.2 (III), or --CH.sub.2 [OCH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 ].sub.a OCOC(R.sup.5).dbd.CH.sub.2 (IIIA) or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with the attached carbon, denote C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, R.sup.3 is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aromatic group, OH tert. amino,--OCOC(R.sup.5).dbd.CH.sub.2 (VI) or --OCH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 OCOC(R.sup.5).dbd.CH.sub.2 (VIA), R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 14 C.sub.4 alkylene, which may be substituted by --OH or by C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 acyloxy, R.sup.5 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, R.sup.6 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkylene, X is a group of formula R.sup.7 CO-- or ##STR1## where R.sup.7 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene, R.sup.8 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, and is 0 or 1, Ar.sup.1 is a C.

Abstract: An addition polymerizable antioxidant is prepared by reacting an isocyanatoalkyl ester of an addition polymerizable carboxylic acid (2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate) with an antioxidant functionality bearing an active hydrogen moiety which is reactive with the isocyanate.