Abstract: The present invention is directed to a polymerizable composition comprising (A) a reaction product of: (a) diethyleneglycol bischloroformate, ethyleneglycol bischloroformate, or combinations thereof; (b) allyl alcohol; (c) optionally, a cyclic polyol selected from the group consisting of a cycloaliphatic polyol having at least one secondary hydroxyl group, a heterocyclic polyol having primary and/or secondary hydroxyl groups, and mixtures thereof; and (d) optionally, at least one linear or branched aliphatic polyol having two to six hydroxyl groups; and (B) an organic peroxide comprising at least three peroxide groups. A polymerizate and/or an optical article comprising the polymerizable compositions of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: Compounds for use as radical generating agents for modifying polymer compositions, wherein the modified polymer compositions and the process for preparing the polymer compositions are utilized with wires or cables thereby forming one or more layers of a wire of the cable.

Abstract: Peroxo-carbonates derived from molten alkali and/or Group II metal salts, particularly carbonate salts are used as catalysts in oxidation and epoxidation reactions. Transition metal compounds may be included to improve the selectivity of the reactions.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for manufacturing tert-butyl hydroperoxide that includes the following steps: a) fermenting renewable raw materials and optionally purifying the same to produce a mixture containing at least butanol; b) dehydrating the butanol into butane; c) converting the butane into isobutene and optionally hydrating the isobutene to produce tert-butanol; d) reacting the product of step c) with hydrogen peroxide so as to produce tert-butyl hydroperoxide; and e) isolating the tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The invention also relates to tert-butyl hydroperoxide containing carbon atoms from renewable resources, to the compositions containing said tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and also relates to the use thereof as a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: The compounds of the general Formula (I), wherein R1 is aryl or alkyl; R2 represents alkyl; R3 represents alkyl or aralkyl, are valuable pharmaceutical intermediates, which can be prepared by reacting a compound of the general Formula (IV) (wherein the definitions of R1 and R2 are as above), with at least 2 molar equivalents of the compound of the general Formula (VI) (wherein X represents halogen or tertiary butyloxycarbonyloxy group and R3 is as defined above). The known compounds of the general Formula (II) (wherein R1 and R2 are as defined above) are prepared by reacting the compounds of the general Formula (I) with thionyl chloride. The compounds of the general Formula (I) are new intermediates useful in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active ingredients, particularly in the preparation of ACE-inhibitors, e.g. enalapril, perindopril or ramipril.

Abstract: The compounds of the general Formula (I), wherein R1 is aryl or alkyl; R2 represents alkyl; R3 represents alkyl or aralkyl, are valuable pharmaceutical intermediates, which can be prepared by reacting a compound of the general Formula (IV) (wherein the definitions of R1 and R2 are as above), with at least 2 molar equivalents of the compound of the general Formula (VI) (wherein X represents halogen or tertiary butyloxycarbonyloxy group and R3 is as defined above). The known compounds of the general Formula (II) (wherein R1 and R2 are as defined above) are prepared by reacting the compounds of the general Formula (I) with thionyl chloride. The compounds of the general Formula (I) are new intermediates useful in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active ingredients, particularly in the preparation of ACE-inhibitors, e.g. enalapril, perindopril or ramipril.

Abstract: Chemically protected dihydroxyacetone and/or dimers are used to make polycarbonates, poly(acetal carbonate)s, poly(spiroacetal)s, polyesters and polyurethanes.

Abstract: Peroxo-carbonates derived from molten alkali and/or Group II metal salts, particularly carbonate salts are used as catalysts in oxidation and epoxidation reactions, transition metal compounds may be included to improve the selectivity of the reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to peroxides derivable from The invention further relates to the process to make these peroxides as well as to their use in polymerization, curing, and modification reactions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte; a polymerizable composition having low viscosity and excellent processability for obtaining the solid polymer electrolyte; and a polymerizable compound having low viscosity, and good polymerizability and stability for use in the polymerizable composition. The present invention also provides primary and secondary batteries capable of working with high capacity and current; an electric double-layer capacitor ensuring high output voltage, large takeout current, and good processability; and an electrochromic device favored with high response speed. Each thereof use the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention and are ensured with long life, excellent safety free of liquid leakage, high reliability and production at a low cost.

Abstract: The invention relates to peroxides derivable from 1

Abstract: A process for producing peroxydicarbonates comprising first reacting at least one inorganic peroxide with at least one alkali metal hydroxide to form at least one alkali metal peroxide. The at least one alkali metal peroxide is added to a mixture of at least one haloformate, at least one dispersant and water. The mixture is homogenized during the entire reaction to form a peroxydicarbonate. The peroxydicarbonate is dispersed as small droplets of from 1 to 10 microns in size in the aqueous mixture. The entire mixture is added to a polymerization reactor containing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The peroxydicarbonate functions as the free radical initiator to polymerize the monomer. The peroxydicarbonate is substantially free of organic solvents and plasticizers. The resulting polymers are of high quality.

Abstract: The invention relates to peroxides derivable from The invention further relates to the process to make these peroxides as well as to their use in polymerization, curing, and modification reactions.

Abstract: The invention is drawn to compounds of formula (I) which is HOO—C(R1)(R2)—OO—(R1)(R2)—OO—(C═O)—(O)nR3 wherein n is 0 or 1, R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C20 alkyl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl, C6-C20 aryl, C7-C20 aralkyl, C7-C20 alkaryl which may be optionally substituted or R1 and R2 can form a C3-C12 cycloalkyl group and R3 is selected from C1-C20 alkyl, C3-C20 cycloalkyl, C6-C20 aryl, C7-C20 aralkyl, and C7-C20 alkaryl which can be optionally substituted; a process for the preparation of the peroxy esters or peroxy carbonates of formula (I); and the method of using the compounds as polymer initiators or curing agents.

Abstract: Polyester based polycarbonate (meth)acrylates prepared by the reaction of a alkylene or arylene diol polycarbonate with an anhydride or its dicarboxylic acid to form a carboxyl terminated diester, reacting the diester with a diglycidyl ether and an acrylic or methacrylic acid to form an acrylate terminate polymer which is useful for radiation cured coatings which have superior adhesion and reverse impact strength when applied to plastic substrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of an organic solution of dialkyl peroxydicarbonate which is particularly suited for use in the aqueous suspension polymerization of halogenated monomers. According to this process, the dialkyl peroxydicarbonate, prepared by the reaction in water of appropriate amounts of alkyl haloformate with an inorganic peroxide, is separated by extraction by means of a water-insoluble organic solvent chosen from conventional chain-regulating agents for halogenated polymers.

Abstract: The novel polyfunctional peroxides are compounds represented by the following general formula (1):R.sup.1 -CX.sub.3 ( 1)wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and X represents a group: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms). Such polyfunctional peroxides include 1,1,1-tris(t-butylperoxycarbonyloxymethyl)propane and the like. The polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers comprise such polyfunctional peroxides. In the process for polymerizing vinyl monomers, a vinyl monomer is polymerized employing such polyfunctional peroxide at 60 to 160.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel peroxyoxalate compositions of Structure A, ##STR1## and use of the novel monoperoxyoxalates of Structure A as initiators for polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers and for curing of unsaturated polyester resins are disclosed.

Abstract: The novel polyfunctional peroxides are compounds represented by the following general formula (1):R.sup.1 --CX.sub.3 (1)wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and X represents a group: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms).Such polyfunctional peroxides include 1,1,1-tris(t-butylperoxycarbonyloxymethyl)propane and the like. The polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers comprise such polyfunctional peroxides. In the process for polymerizing vinyl monomers, a vinyl monomer is polymerized employing such polyfunctional peroxide at 60 to 160.degree. C.

Abstract: Poly(monoperoxycarbonates) of the structure: ##STR1## where R, R.sup.1 and n are defined in the summary of the invention such as 1,1,1-tris(t-butylperoxycarbonyloxymethyl)ethane, intermediates for their preparation as well as processes for their preparation and use are disclosed. The monoperoxycarbonate compounds are useful in initiating the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, particularly styrene, curing of unsaturated polyester resins, and in modifying the molecular weight of polymers such as by crosslinking or controlled chain degradation.

Abstract: Novel functionalized peroxides which may be used as crosslinking, grafting and curing agents, initiators for polymerization reactions and as monomers for condensation polymerizations to form peroxy-containing polymers, which in turn can be used to prepare block and graft copolymers, have the following Formula I: ##STR1## R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, X, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, x, y and z are as defined in the Summary of the Invention. The compounds of Formula I may be prepared by reacting hydroxy-containing tertiary hydroperoxides with diacid halides, phosgene, dichloroformates, diisocyanates, anhydrides and lactones to form the functionalized peroxides. These reaction products may be further reacted, if desired, with dialcohols, diamines, aminoalcohols, epoxides, epoxy alcohols, epoxy amines, diacid halides, dichloroformates and diisocyanates to form additional functionalized peroxides.

Abstract: Novel functionalized peroxides which may be used as crosslinking, grafting and curing agents, initiators for polymerization reactions and as monomers for condensation polymerizations to form peroxy-containing polymers, which in turn can be used to prepare block and graft copolymers, have the following Formula I: ##STR1## R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, X, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, x, y and z are as defined in the Summary of the Invention. The compounds of Formula I may be prepared by reacting hydroxy-containing tertiary hydroperoxides with diacid halides, phosgene, dichloroformates, diisocyanates, anhydrides and lactones to form the functionalized peroxides. These reaction products may be further reacted, if desired, with dialcohols, diamines, aminoalcohols, epoxides, epoxy alcohols, epoxy amines, diacid halides, dichloroformates and diisocyanates to form additional functionalized peroxides.

Abstract: Novel functionalized peroxides which may be used as crosslinking, grafting and curing agents, initiators for polymerization reactions and as monomers for condensation polymerizations to form peroxy-containing polymers, which in turn can be used to prepare block and graft copolymers, have the following Formula I: ##STR1## R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, X, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, x, y and z are as defined in the Summary of the Invention. The compounds of Formula I may be prepared by reacting hydroxy-containing tertiary hydroperoxides with diacid halides, phosgene, dichloroformates, diisocyanates, anhydrides and lactones to form the functionalized peroxides. These reaction products may be further reacted, if desired, with dialcohols, diamines, aminoalcohols, epoxides, epoxy alcohols, epoxy amines, diacid halides, dichloroformates and diisocyanates to form additional functionalized peroxides.

Abstract: Novel functionalized peroxides which may be used as crosslinking, grafting and curing agents, initiators for polymerization reactions and as monomers for condensation polymerizations to form peroxy-containing polymers, which in turn can be used to prepare block and graft copolymers, have the following Formula I: ##STR1## R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, X, Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, Y.sup.3, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, x, y and z are as defined in the Summary of the Invention.

Abstract: Novel hydroxy peroxides of the Structure AHO--R.sub.11 --X--OO--R (A)[wherein R--, --R.sub.11 -- and --X-- are as defined in the Summary of the Invention Section], having 10 hour half-life temperatures of 85.degree.-100.degree. C., the processes for their preparation, and the use of these novel compositions in curing of unsaturated polyester resins and in initiating polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: An organic peroxide consisting of 1 to 30 repeating units represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R stands for one group selected from the class consisting of ethylene, acetylene, cyclohexylene, and phenylene groups and one of 1 and m stands for an integer of at least 1 and 1+m stands for an integer in the range of from 6 to 220. Polymerization initiator for a vinyl monomer consisting of the organic peroxide mentioned above. A method for polymerizing a vinyl monomer by using the polymerization initiator mentioned above.

Abstract: A novel peroxy aryl carbonate which has the both properties of polymerization-initiating and regulating abilities, can be used as a radical polymerization initiator to regulate the polymerization rate, the polymerization degree and molecular weight distribution of the polymer and the like, and therefore produce superior styrene resin and methyl methacrylate syrup.

Abstract: A novel peroxy aryl carbonate which has the both properties of polymerization-initiating and regulating abilities, can be used as a radical polymerization initiator to regulate the polymerization rate, the polymerization degree and molecular weight distribution of the polymer and the like, and therefore produce superior styrene resin and methyl methacrylate syrup.

Abstract: A particulate additive is reported which is an intimately blended mixture of a precursor, a stabilizing agent and a dispersing agent. The precursor is a quaternized ammonium or phosphonium substituted carbonic acid ester. A C.sub.4 or higher organic acid having at least one carboxylic group, such a lauric acid, or a solid inorganic acid, such as potassium bisulfate, is required as the stabilizing agent. Various alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acids or alkylated phenols are utilized as the dispersing agent. These particulate additives are employed as adjuncts in bleaching-detergent compositions.

Abstract: A novel peroxy aryl carbonate which has the both properties of polymerization-initiating and regulating abilities, can be used as a radical polymerization initiator to regulate the polymerization rate, the polymerization degree and molecular weight distribution of the polymer and the like, and therefore produce superior styrene resin and methyl methacrylate syrup.

Abstract: A bleach precursor compound, its peroxygen acid derivative, and detergent compositions containing these materials are disclosed herein. The bleach precursor structurally comprises a quaternized ammonium or phosphonium group linked to a carbonate moiety having a leaving group. Upon perhydrolysis in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a basic aqueous media, there is generated a peroxycarbonic acid bleach.

Abstract: A bleach precursor compound, its peroxygen acid derivative, and detergent compositions containing these materials are disclosed herein. The bleach precursor structurally comprises a quaternized ammonium or phosphonium group linked to a carbonate moiety having a leaving group. Upon perhydrolysis in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a basic aqueous media, there is generated a peroxycarbonic acid bleach.

Abstract: A process for 4-halomethylazetidin-2-ones is provided which comprises mixing in an inert solvent a positive halogen reagent in the presence of a weak base with a .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated O-acylhydroxamate of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is protected amino, lower alkyl or phenyl substituted lower alkyl, R.sub.2 is a substituent such as lower alkyl which may be substituted by formyl, hydroxy, halogen, etc., and R.sub.1 is alkoxy, benzyloxy, etc. When R is a protected amino group, the process provides cis-4-halomethylazetidin-2-ones, while when R is alkyl or phenylalkyl, the trans isomer is obtained. The 4-halomethylazetidinones are useful intermediates for known antibiotic compounds.

Abstract: Certain novel aryl sulfonyl fluorides, their preparation, and their use in inhibiting serine proteases with chymotrypsin-like and elastase-like specificity.