Abstract: The invention described comprises using volatile silicone oils in stabilising malathion. The invention also comprises pediculicidal and/or nit-killing compositions comprising malathion and volatile silicone oils and also excipients for topical use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sterile, stable dosage forms suitable for reconstitution and parenteral administration to a patient, said dosage form comprising an amorphous aminoalkyl dihydrogen phosphorothioate, and of amifostine in particular. The invention further relates to a method of preparing such a dosage form, which typically exhibits enhanced thermal stability as compared to existing vacuum dried amorphous amifostine.

Abstract: Benzoylresorcinol-based phosphate esters are obtained by reacting a benzoylresorcinol compound with a chlorophosphate. The benzoylresorcinol-based phosphate esters can function as flame retardants and/or UV stabilizers for polycarbonates (PC), poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), polyesters (e.g., PET and PBT), polycarbonate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (PC/ABS) blends, poly(phenylene oxide) and high-impact polystyrene (PPO/HIPS) blends and other polymers. The benzoylresorcinol-based phosphate ester flame retardants may possess enhanced thermal stability compared to resorcinol based phosphate ester (RDP). Synthetic procedures and applications of the benzoylresorcinol-based phosphate esters compounds are provided.

Abstract: Flavan-based and spirodichroman compound-based phosphate esters prepared by reacting flavans and spirodichroman compounds with phosphorus oxychloride, monophenyl dichlorophosphate, or diphenyl chlorophosphate compounds are described. The flavans and spirodichroman compounds can be synthesized by the reaction of resorcinol with aliphatic acetone. Such phosphate esters can be used as flame retardants.

Abstract: The present invention provides BZPA products with improved flowability and two methods of producing such BZPA products. Both methods successfully produce BZPA products that are not prone to agglomerate upon storage, and thus the flowability of such BZPA products does not degrade over time. The first method includes mechanically forming the BZPA crystals into large compacted pellets or briquettes without the introduction of any additives or binders. The compacted pellets are large enough that the physical and chemical effects that occur on the surface of small crystal particles are eliminated or minimized, but small enough that the BZPA can be easily handled and used in commercial applications. The second method includes adding a substantially inert anti-caking agent to the BZPA crystals to minimize or retard their tendency to agglomerate. The preferred anti-caking agent is silicon dioxide (SiO2), which is blended with the BZPA crystals in small amounts.

Abstract: Stable rare earth tris (organophosphate) solutions comprise a rare earth tris (organophosphate) and a hydrocarbon solvent. From about 2% to about 10% rare earth element, preferably from about 3% to about 8%, is present in the solutions. The rare earth tris (organophosphate) solutions are stable from precipitation of the rare earth tris (organophosphate) for at least about fifteen (15) days, preferably for at least about twenty (20) days and most preferably at least about thirty (30) days. A process for preparing these solutions is described herein. A stabilizing additive, acid, glycol or mixtures thereof, is utilized to inhibit precipitation. The molar ratios of free acid, glycol and/or water to the rare earth element are controlled to inhibit precipitation.

Abstract: Resorcinol carbonate-based phosphate esters are prepared by reacting resorcinol carbonates with phosphorous oxychloride or a chlorophosphate. The resorcinol carbonates can be synthesized by the reaction of resorcinol with phosgene or diphenyl carbonate. The resorcinol carbonate-based phosphate esters can be used as flame retardants and perhaps flowing agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides BZPA products with improved flowability and two methods of producing such BZPA products. Both methods successfully produce BZPA products that are not prone to agglomerate upon storage, and thus the flowability of such BZPA products does not degrade over time. The first method includes mechanically forming the BZPA crystals into large compacted pellets or briquettes without the introduction of any additives or binders. The compacted pellets are large enough that the physical and chemical effects that occur on the surface of small crystal particles are eliminated or minimized, but small enough that the BZPA can be easily handled and used in commercial applications. The second method includes adding a substantially inert anti-caking agent to the BZPA crystals to minimize or retard their tendency to agglomerate. The preferred anti-caking agent is silicon dioxide (SiO2), which is blended with the BZPA crystals in small amounts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sterile, stable dosage forms suitable for reconstitution and parenteral administration to a patient, said dosage form comprising an amorphous aminoalkyl dihydrogen phosphorothioate, and of amifostine in particular. The invention further relates to a method of preparing such a dosage form, which typically exhibits enhanced thermal stability as compared to existing vacuum dried amorphous amifostine.

Abstract: Stable rare earth tris (organophosphate) solutions comprise a rare earth tris (organophosphate) and a hydrocarbon solvent. From about 2% to about 10% rare earth element, preferably from about 3% to about 8%, is present in the solutions. The rare earth tris (organophosphate) solutions are stable from precipitation of the rare earth tris (organophosphate) for at least about fifteen (15) days, preferably for at least about twenty (20) days and most preferably at least about thirty (30) days. A process for preparing these solutions is described herein. A stabilizing additive, acid, glycol or mixtures thereof, is utilized to inhibit precipitation. The molar ratios of free acid, glycol and/or water to the rare earth element are controlled to inhibit precipitation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of dithiophosphoric acid poly-sulfide mixtures, which is characterized in that dithiophosphoric acid disulfides are reacted with sulfur at elevated temperatures. The dithiophosphoric acid polysulfide mixtures produced using the process according to the present invention are used as sulfur donors for the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubbers and in the latex vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubber latex.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing a fluorophosphite ligand in a hydroformylation reaction mixture having an &agr;-olefin, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a catalyst composition having a combination of a rhodium containing compound and one or more fluorophosphite compounds having the general formula: wherein R1 and R2 are hydrocarbyl radicals which contain a total of up to about 40 carbon atoms, the process includes the step of adding to the reaction mixture an epoxide in a sufficient amount to reduce the degradation of the fluorophosphite ligand.

Abstract: A polyphosphate ester composition consisting essentially of an effective amount of a cycloaliphatic epoxy composition for reduction of the total acid number of the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stabilizer composition comprising at least one processing stabilizer selected from special phosphite, mono- and diphosphonite compounds, at least one acid scavenger selected from the group consisting of selected metal stearates, hydrotalcites, oxides, hydroxides of alkaline earth metals, at least one UV stabilizer selected from compounds containing at least one 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidinyl-group and optionally at least one sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant. A further subject matter of the invention is a solid masterbatch composition or a liquid concentrate comprising above-mentioned stabilizer composition. The invention relates also to a process for stabilizing polymeric materials selected from the group consisting of special polyolefins comprising adding to the polymeric material a stabilizing quantity of said stabilizing composition.

Abstract: A process for preparing a phosphoric ester having reduced odor, comprising contacting a phosphoric ester with at least one of an inert gas and steam at 100° to 160° C. in a packed tower; a process for preparing a phosphoric ester having reduced odor, comprising repeating a set of processes comprising (A) heating a phosphoric ester, and contacting the heated phosphoric ester with at least one of an inert gas and steam; and (B) cooling the phosphoric ester obtained in the step (A); a process for preparing a phosphoric ester having reduced odor, comprising adding water to a phosphoric ester, and distilling water from the phosphoric ester under reduced pressure; and a process for preparing a phosphoric ester having reduced odor, comprising reacting an organic hydroxy compound with a phosphorylation agent, while introducing an inert gas into the mixture of the organic hydroxy compound and the phosphorylation agent.

Abstract: A non-xenoestrogenic phosphorus-containing stabilizer for organic materials is disclosed wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing compounds of the structures wherein y in an integer of from 6 to 20, and where Z is a linking group, m is 0 or 1, n is an integer of at least 2, the asterisks are independently selected terminal groups, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl groups, aralkyl groups, or halogen groups and Q is selected from the group consisting of where R11 is alkyl or aralkyl, and

Abstract: Biphenyl and phosphorus trichloride are reacted in the presence of aluminum chloride, a hydrogen chloride gas generated is removed, a pyridine is added, excess phosphorus trichloride is removed, a resulting reaction product containing the obtained phosphine compound of the formula: and a phenol compound of the formula: wherein R is a hydrogen atom or methyl and R1 and R2 are each a hydrogen atom or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, are reacted in the presence of a base as a deacidifying agent, and hydrochloride of this base and a pyridine-aluminum chloride complex are removed. By this method, a high quality phosphonite compound containing phosphinobiphenylene of the formula: can be produced safely in a high yield.

Abstract: A composition comprising at least a phosphorus compound and a stabilizer compound having one of the formulae I to IV can be used for increasing the shelf life or reducing metal corrosion.

Abstract: An organic phosphorus-containing antioxidant which is stablized against hydrolysis includes (a) 20 to 99.9 wt % of organic phosphite or phosphonite; and (b) 0.1 to 80 wt % of acid-binding metal salt treated with a surface conditioning agent, wherein the weight ratio of the surface conditioning agent to the acid-binding metal salt is 0.1 to 50 wt %:99.9 to 50 wt %, and the surface conditioning agent is selected from the group consisting of silanes, titanates, zirconates, aluminates, zirco-alumiates, non-ionic surfactants, and anionic surfactants.

Abstract: A non-xenoestrogenic phosphorus-containing stabilizer for organic materials is disclosed wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing compounds of the structures 1

Abstract: Addition of an oxidation agent to completely or partially water-based organophosphate pesticide formulations or solid organophosphate pesticide formulations improves the chemical stability of the pesticide, minimizes formation of toxic isomeric compounds, and eliminates the development of mercaptan and sulfide smell.

Abstract: Described are compositions comprising (a) 25 to 99% of organic phosphite or phosphonite, based on the total weight of the composition, (b) an effective stabilizing amount of organic amine, and (c) an effective stabilizing amount of acid-binding metal salt, wherein said composition comprises no organic polymers or alkali metal phosphates as further components, as well as a process for stabilising organic phosphites or phosphonites against hydrolysis by addition of organic amine and acid-binding metal salt. The compositions are distinguished by their excellent stability to hydrolysis and have good storage stability even at high atmospheric humidity. The novel compositions and process products can be used with advantage as stabilisers for organic material against the harmful action of heat, oxygen and/or light.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for stabilizing an organic phosphite or phosphonite or a mixture of organic phosphites or phosphonites against hydrolysis, which comprises adding, as the stabilizer, a compound from the class of sterically hindered amines, so that the stabilized phosphite or phosphonite contains 0.1 to 25% by weight of the amine compound (relative to the phosphite or phosphonite).Compositions comprising organic phosphite or phosphonite and sterically hindered amines are notable for excellent hydrolytic stability and have a long shelf life even at high atmospheric humidity.The products of the process according to the invention are very useful as stabilizers for organic material, in particular organic polymers, for example synthetic polymers, against the damaging influence of heat, oxygen and/or light.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydroformylation process comprising: (1) forming a reaction mixture containing: (a) an olefinic compound, (b) hydrogen, (c) carbon monoxide, (d) a phosphite in which each phosphorus atom is bonded to three oxygen atoms and at least one such oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom of an aromatic ring that is adjacent to another carbon atom of said ring having a pendant monovalent group having a steric hindrance at least as great as the steric hindrance of the isopropyl group, (e) a catalytic amount of rhodium, and (f) a Group VIII metal (other than a rhodium) in an amount sufficient to reduce the rhodium-catalyzed decomposition of the phosphite during the hydroformylation process; and (2) maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions at which the olefinic compound reacts with the hydrogen and carbon monoxide to form an aldehyde.

Abstract: A diphosphite is provided derived from phosphorous trihalide, tetra alkyl hindered bisphenol, and a neoalkyl diol. The phosphites exhibit improved stability and are useful as thermal oxidative stabilizers for thermoplastic compositions.

Abstract: A liquid pesticidal composition including Acephate and one or more N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones, and methods for stabilizing and inhibiting decomposition of Acephate by adding one or more N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones to Acephate. The storage stability of Acephate bulk or Acephate in an Acephate-containing liquid pesticidal composition is improved by addition of the N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone(s).

Abstract: A solid amorphous phosphite stabilizer composition is provided which exhibits enhanced hydrolytic stability. The stabilizer composition preferably contains from 10 to 99.9 percent by weight of a phosphorous compound selected from phosphites and phosphonites, and preferably contains from 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of an aliphatic polyamine. The stabilizer composition exhibits enhanced hydrolytic stability, and is preferably in the form of powders or flakes. The stabilizer composition is useful as an additive to polymeric resins as an antioxidant stabilizer.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated monomers are protected from premature polymerization during manufacture and storage by the incorporation therein of an effective stabilizing amount of a 7-substituted quinone methide compound.

Abstract: A diphosphite is provided derived from phosphorous trihalide, tetra alkyl hindered bisphenol, and a neoalkyl diol. The phosphites exhibit improved stability and are useful as thermal oxidative stabilizers for thermoplastic compositions.

Abstract: A diphosphite is provided derived from phosphorous trihalide, tetra alkyl hindered bisphenol, and a neoalkyl diol. The phosphites exhibit improved stability and are useful as thermal oxidative stabilizers for thermoplastic compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are stabilized dithiophosphoric acid polysulphides of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl residue andx is an integer from 2 to 15,containing as stabilizer 1 to 20 wt.% of a carboxylic acid of the general formula R'COOH, in which R' is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl residue, a cycloalkyl residue, an aryl residue or an aralkyl residue, and 1 to 20 wt.% of calcium oxide or zinc oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for stabilizing a crystalline organic phosphite or phosphonite against hydrolysis, which comprises introducing a mixture comprising phosphite or phosphonite, a solvent or solvent mixture, and 0.1 to 100% by weight (relative to phosphite or phosphonite) of an amine and having a temperature of 50.degree.-100.degree. C. as a homogeneous melt into a liquid crystallization medium whose temperature during the addition is maintained 10.degree.-70.degree. C. below the temperature of the melt.The phosphites or phosphonites stabilized according to the invention are distinguished by their excellent resistance to hydrolysis and have a long shelf life even at high atmospheric humidity. They can be advantageously used as stabilizers for organic material against the damaging effect of heat, oxygen, and/or light.

Abstract: A polymer composition is provided comprising an ultraviolet light sensitive phosphite and an amount of a polyamine effective to enhance the resistance of the color formation upon exposure to ultraviolet light. A process is also provided for applying ink to a thermoplastic substrate involving ultraviolet light curing of the ink. The thermoplastic compositions are useful for making article which contain UV sensitive phosphites for oxidative stability and also exhibit resistance to ultraviolet light yellowing of the phosphite. The inking process resists detrimental yellowing of the composition upon exposure to high levels of ultraviolet light radiation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for stabilizing acephate which comprises adding a sodium salt of condensed phosphate and/or a synthetic silicic acid in which the surface silanol groups being alkylsilylated to acephate or acephate-containing dry pesticidal formulation and a stabilized acephate having added a sodium salt of condensed phosphate and/or a synthetic silicic acid in which the surface silanol groups being alkylsilylated.

Abstract: A solid amorphous phosphite stabilizer composition is provided which exhibits enhanced hydrolytic stability. The stabilizer composition preferably contains from 10 to 99.9 percent by weight of a phosphorous compound selected from phosphites and phosphonites, and preferably contains from 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of an aliphatic polyamine. The stabilizer composition exhibits enhanced hydrolytic stability, and is preferably in the form of powders or flakes. The stabilizer composition is useful as an additive to polymeric resins as an antioxidant stabilizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for stabilizing a crystalline organic phosphite or phosphonite against hydrolysis, which comprises introducing a mixture comprising phosphite or phosphonite, a solvent or solvent mixture, and 0.1 to 100% by weight (relative to phosphite or phosphonite) of an amine and having a temperature of 50.degree.-100.degree. C. as a homogeneous melt into a liquid crystallization medium whose temperature during the addition is maintained 10.degree.-70.degree. C. below the temperature of the melt.The phosphites or phosphonites stabilized according to the invention are distinguished by their excellent resistance to hydrolysis and have a long shelf life even at high atmospheric humidity. They can be advantageously used as stabilizers for organic material against the damaging effect of heat, oxygen, and/or light.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for stabilizing a phosphite ligand against degradation in a homogeneous reaction mixture containing a Group VIII transition metal catalyst and the phosphite ligand, said process comprising adding to the reaction mixture an epoxide in an amount from 0.001 to 5 weight percent based on the total weight of the reaction mixture to reduce the degradation of the ligand.

Abstract: Hydrolytically stabilized phosphite compositions are provided. The compositions contain an organic phosphite ester antioxidant and a hindered piperidinyl light stabilizer. The hindered piperidinyl component is not only a light stabilizer but also functions to hydrolitically stabilize the organic phosphite antioxidant. The compositions are useful as stabilizer additives to polymeric compositions.

Abstract: An organic phosphite composition is provided comprising organic phosphite particles having organic phosphite cores coated with an organic hydrogen polysiloxane. The phosphite particles exhibit high levels of resistance to hydrolysis and are useful as antioxidant additives for thermoplastic compositions.

Abstract: An improved rhodium-organophosphite complex catalyzed hydroformylation process, the improvement comprising carrying out said process in the presence of a catalytic activity enhancing additive said additive being selected from the class consisting of added water, a weakly acidic compound, or both added water and a weakly acidic compound.

Abstract: Stable S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate having reduced levels of the odorous by-product dibutyl disulfide is produced by adding a caustic solution having a concentration of less than 10% to crude S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate until the pH remains constant. In a preferred embodiment, a solution of sodium hydroxide having a concentration of less than 10% is used in an amount such that at least 0.1 mole of sodium hydroxide is present for each mole of crude S,S,S-tributylphosphortrithioate.

Abstract: Insecticide compositions containing an O-halopyridylphosphate insecticide absorbed on corn flour or a mineral carrier are stabilized from thermal decomposition by incorporating from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight of the carrier of a wood flour or a hemicellulose extract. These compositions can be employed in methods for protecting stored grains and plants from insect damage.

Abstract: This present invention relates to fungicidal compositions comprising an aqueous solution of an aluminum salt of alkyl phosphates strabilized with the salt of a weak acid and a strong base. The stabilized aqueous solution can be used to prevent or treat fungal diseases in plants by spraying, soaking the roots or injecting into the trunks of shrubs or trees.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for stabilizing an aqueous solution of phosphoenolpyruvic acid and its salt, which comprises placing the solution under the condition of pH 10 to 13.Disclosed is also a container for phosphoenolpyruvic acid, comprising an outer bag comprising a polyvinyl chloride type resin and an inner bag comprising an alkali resistant resin for storing an aqueous solution of phosphoenolpyruvic acid or its salt under the condition of pH 10 to 13 therein.According to the present invention, a method for stabilizing phosphoenolpyruvic acid in an aqueous solution and a container for housing the stabilized phosphoenolpyruvic acid accompanied therewith can be obtained.

Abstract: Tris-organophosphite compositions are provided having an improved hydrolytic stability, comprising(1) a tris-organophosphite of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl and aralkyl groups together aggregating at least fourteen carbon atoms up to about sixty carbon atoms; and(2) a long-chain aliphatic amine in an amount to improve the hydrolytic stability of the phosphite and having the formula: ##STR2## wherein: R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; aliphatic (including alkyl and alkenyl) groups having from one to about thirty-six carbon atoms; and hydroxyalkyl having from two to about six carbon atoms; one of R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is an aliphatic group having at least ten carbon atoms, and the remaining of R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are selected from hydrogen, alkyl having from one to four carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl; and preferably at least one of R.sub.4, R.sub.

Abstract: Deodorized composition based on an organothiophosphorus compound. It contains an effective quantity of styrene as a deodorizer. Composition with insecticidal or nematocidal activity.