Abstract: Multifunctional alcohols, polyols derived from cardanol containing at least 3 hydroxyl groups are disclosed. Such alcohols allow for synthesis of multifunctional crosslinkers such as acrylates, epoxies, and vinyl ethers and flame retardants such as >phosphates. The multifunctional alcohols or polyols can be used in polyurethanes and polycarbonates. The multifunctional crosslinkers can be used in optical coating and waveguide compositions to increase curing speed and crosslink density. The multifunctional phosphates can be used in flame resistant plastics as the highly pendant phosphorus containing phosphate non-halogen flame retardant additives.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer composition containing i) styrene polymer(s) and ii) phosphorylated polyether(s) with from 0.5 to 40% by weight phosphorus content, the main chain of which is formed exclusively from carbon atoms and from oxygen atoms, and which has at least three terminal and/or pendant OH groups, where these have been substituted with where ˜ indicates the bond to the polymer skeleton of the polyether; Y is O or S; t is 0 or 1; R1 and R2, being identical or different, are H, C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C2-C18-alkynyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl, furyl, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C10-alkyl, OR3, SR3, NR3R4, COR3, COOR3 or CONR3R4, or R1 and R2 form, together with the phosphorus atom P, a 4-8-membered ring system; R3 and R4, being identical or different, are H, C1-C16-alkyl, C2-C16-alkenyl, C3C16-alkynyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl or C6-C10-aryl-C1-C10-alkyl, and/or polycarbonates containing phosphorus-containing group(s) of the general formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing tetraalkyl bisphosphates by reacting tetrachlorobisphosphates with alcohols, neutralizing the resultant hydrogen chloride with a base, and isolating the salt formed in the neutralization from the reaction mixture as a solid.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition is produced by mixing a flammable organic material with an organic phosphorus-inorganic phosphorus oxyacid compound or its salts. The organic phosphorus-inorganic phosphorus oxyacid compounds are produced by reacting an organic phosphorus compound with an inorganic phosphorus oxyacid. The organic phosphorus-inorganic phosphorus oxyacid compound may be reacted with a basic salt forming compound. The flammable organic material such as thermoplastic resins are made less flammable by melting-kneading the flammable material with the organic phosphorus-inorganic phosphorus oxyacid compound or it's basic salt, carbonization auxiliaries, a metal-containing compound having a carbonization acceleration effect, a comb-like polymer and a filler.

Abstract: A process for the formation of a di(hydroxyalkylaryl) aryl phosphate is disclosed which comprises the reaction of an o-alkyl substituted aromatic diol, e.g., an o-alkyl substituted hydroquinone such as o-t-butylhydro-quinone, and monoaryl dihalophosphate, such as monophenyl dichlorophosphate. This process can, in particular, be used to make certain di(hydroxy-o-alkylphenyl) phenyl phosphate compounds, preferably those that are p-hydroxy, such as di(p-hydroxy-o-t-butylphenyl) phenyl phosphate.

Abstract: A chemiluminescent assays for the determination of the presence or amount of a biopolymer in bound assays using 1,2-dioxetanes in connection with AttoPhos™ as chemiluminescent substrates for enzyme-labeled targets or probes is provided. Further disclosed is a kit for conducting a bioassay for the presence or concentration of a biopolymer comprising a) an enzyme complex; b) a 1,2-dioxetane; and c) AttoPhos™.

Abstract: Selective inhibitors of the cPLA2 enzymes are provided which are of use in controlling a wide variety of inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of a hydrocarbyl bis(dihydrocarbyl phosphate), such as a hydrocarbyl bis(diaryl phosphate), comprises the reaction of an unstable hydrocarbyl-containing diol, such as an aromatic group-containing diol, with a dihydrocarbyl halophosphate, such as diphenyl chlorophosphate, in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as magnesium dichloride, in the additional presence of an effective amount (e.g., up to about 100% by weight of diol and halophosphate) of a liquid hydrocarbon, such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon, like heptane, or an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, to enhance the removal of hydrogen halide by-product and thereby increase the yield of hydrocarbyl bis(dihydrocarbyl phosphate).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of C.sub.14 -C.sub.18 -alkylphosphocholines by reacting an n-alkanol with a chain length of C.sub.14 -C.sub.18 with phosphorus oxychloride in an inert solvent or also without solvent in the presence or absence of a basic substance in a single vessel process and subsequent reaction of the reaction product in an inert solvent with a choline salt in the presence of a basic substance to form phosphoric acid diester chloride, subsequent hydrolysis and isolation of alkylphosphocholine as well as optionally purification using a mixed-bed ion exchanger or in successive steps with an acid ion exchanger and a basic ion exchanger.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for the preparation of an O-alkyl, O-alkyl phosphorochloridothioate by 1) reacting A) a thiophosphoryl halide with B) an alcohol, in the presence of C) a tertiary amine acid acceptor and D) a solvent, and 2) reacting the resultant product with a second alcohol, different from the alcohol used in step 1). In the preferred embodiment, the intermediate product is not isolated before reaction with the second alcohol.

Abstract: A surfactant composition represented by Formulas (I), (II) or (III); or optionally mixtures thereof ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrophobic moiety of alkyl or aryl, and wherein alkyl contains from about 4 to about 60 carbon atoms and aryl contains from about 6 to about 60 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl, wherein alkyl contains from 1 to about 60 carbon atoms and aryl contains from about 6 to about 60; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl of from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms; A is a hydrophilic polymer chain; m is the number of repeating segments of the hydrophilic polymer chain and is a number of from about 2 to about 500.

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic bisphosphates includes: a first step of reacting an aromatic monohydroxy compound having a steric hindrance group at the ortho position, with a phosphorus oxyhalide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst (a) to yield a reaction mixture containing diarylphosphorohalidate, and a second step of reacting the reaction mixture of the first step with an aromatic dihydroxy compound in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst (b) to obtain an aromatic bisphosphate, wherein the aromatic monohydroxy compound and the phosphorus oxyhalide are reacted in a molar ratio of 2.0:1.0-1.1 in the first step, and the reaction mixture of the first step is subjected to a distillation treatment before the reaction of the second step, thereby obtaining the aromatic bisphosphate of high purity.

Abstract: A process of preparing a tribromoneopentyl chloroalkyl phosphate of the formula (3): ##STR1## , wherein R is hydrogen atom, an alkyl or chloroalkyl group. The process includes three steps: In the first step, an alkylene oxide is reacted with phosphorus trichloride in a chemical equivalent or less amount to the alkylene oxide to obtain a tris(chloroalkyl) phosphite of the formula (1): ##STR2## , wherein R is the same as defined above. In the second step, the tris(chloroalkyl) phosphite is reacted with chlorine to obtain a bis(chloroalkyl) phosphorochloridate of the formula (2): ##STR3## , wherein R is the same as defined above. And in the third step, the bis(chloroalkyl) phosphorochloridate is reacted with tribromoneopentyl alcohol.

Abstract: A process to prepare aryldiphosphate esters without forming an emulsion in the product is described. In one embodiment of this process, the ester is formed by initially reacting a phosphoryl oxyhalide with a dihydric aromatic compound in the presence of an insoluble catalyst to form an intermediate. The intermediate is then reacted with a monohydric aromatic compound in the presence of an insoluble catalyst to form the aryldiphosphate ester and the catalyst is then filtered from the aryldiphosphate ester. In another form of this process the ester is formed reacting a dihydric aromatic compound in the presence of an insoluble catalyst with a compound corresponding to the formula (RO).sub.2 POX, where X is bromine or chlorine and R is an aromatic group and contains no more than 1 ortho substituent. Thereafter, the catalyst is then filtered from the aryldiphosphate ester.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for forming monohydroxy-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphates by the reaction of a diaryl halophosphate, such as diphenyl chlorophosphate, optionally in the presence of some monoaryl dihalophosphate, with an aromatic diol, such as resorcinol, to form the monohydroxy-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphate. The reaction preferably employs a Lewis acid catalyst, such as magnesium dichloride.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for forming hydroxy-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphates by the initial reaction of a monoaryl dihalophosphate, such as monophenyl dichlorophosphate, with an aromatic diol, such as resorcinol, to form a halo-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphate and the subsequent reaction of that halo-terminated phosphate with aromatic diol to form the hydroxy-terminated aromatic oligomeric phosphate. The initial and subsequent reactions preferably employ a Lewis acid catalyst, such as magnesium dichloride.

Abstract: Arylene poly(diarylphosphate) compositions can be formed by a process which comprises:(a) forming a reaction mixture comprising diaryl halophosphate and, as by-products, a mixture of monoaryl dihalophosphate and triarylphosphate, by reaction of phosphorus oxyhalide and a phenol in a first reactor;(b) if a preponderance of lower oligomers is desired, optionally transferring the reaction mixture from (a) to a subsequent reactor where at least a portion of the monoaryl dihalophosphate is recycled to the first reactor for reaction with the phenol contained therein to form additional diaryl halophosphate in the first reactor and the reaction mixture in (b) becomes enriched with diaryl halophosphate to ultimately favor the ultimate formation of a product of lower molecular weight distribution; and(c) reacting the product from (a) or (b), as selected, with an aromatic diol to form the arylene poly(diarylphosphate) product.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl bisphosphate compounds containing hindered aryl substituents in the phosphate groups can be formed by: (a) reacting a hindered phenol, e.g., xylenol, with a phosphorus oxytrihalide, e.g., phosphorus oxytrichloride, to form a reaction product mixture; and (b) combining the reaction product, without distillation of the product from the reaction product mixture, from (a) mixture with a hydrocarbyl diol, e.g., one containing a phenyl ring such as hydroquinone or resorcinol.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein T is a polycycloalkylidene group (e.g., adamant-2-ylidene); R is a C.sub.1-20 alkyl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl group; and Y is a fluorescent chromophore (e.g., m-phenylene), produced by reacting a compound having the formula: ##STR2## with an R-ylating agent (e.g., R.sub.2 SO.sub.4) in the presence of an alkali metal alkoxide in a polar aprotic solvent. Also, compounds having the formula: ##STR3## are produced by reacting a compound having the formula: ##STR4## wherein X is an electronegative leaving group (e.g., a halogen anion such as chloride ion) in the presence of a Lewis base (e.g., a trialkyl-amine) dissolved in an aprotic organic solvent (e.g., benzene or toluene). Also, compounds having the formula ##STR5## are produced by reacting a compound of the formula ##STR6## with a tetra-O-acylated-O-hexopyranoside halide, then hydrolyzing off the protective acyl groups.

Abstract: The O-alkyl S,S-dialkylphosphorodithioates, e.g., ethoprophos, are facilely prepared, in improved yields and having great purity, by reacting an alkylphosphate dihalogenide, e.g., a dichloride, with a 1.5 to 8 mol excess of a thiol, in the presence of a 0.1 to 5 mol excess of an acid acceptor, with both molar excesses being per mole of said dihalogenide.

Abstract: Substantially pure alkyl diaryl phosphites can be prepared by reacting a purified alkyl dihalophosphite with a phenol. Diaryl halophosphates of increased purity can be prepared by halogenating the purified alkyl dihalophosphites. This method avoids the by-products and unreacted starting materials generally included as impurities in prior art processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to new organic phosphoric acid esters represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein X represents O, S or NH,Y represents O or S,R.sup.1 represents a lower alkyl group,R.sup.2 represents a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy-lower alkyl group,R.sup.3 represents a fluoro-substituted lower alkyl group,Z represents a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a halogen atom, andn represents 0 or 2,which can be used as pesticidally active agents.

Abstract: Dihalovinylphenyl phosphates of the formula I ##STR1## where A and B are each halogen or trihaloalkyl, X is oxygen or sulfur, Y and Z are each oxygen, sulfur or --NH--, R.sup.1 is alkyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, and R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are each hydrogen, halogen, nitro, alkyl, cyano, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkylthioalkylthio, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkylthio, trihaloalkyl or trihaloalkoxy, and pesticides containing these compounds.