Abstract: There is provided an ester compound represented by the formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a methyl group or a hydrogen atom; R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl group; and R.sub.3 is a pyrethroid acid residue, an agent for controlling noxious organisms containing the same as active ingredient and an intermediate for producing the same.

Abstract: Polyoxazolines having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R is phenylene or alkylene containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl and R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-12 alkyl, vinyl, isopropylidene, pentafluoroethyl, phenyl, hydroxyphenyl which is optionally interrupted by up to 20 ethylene oxide groups, C.sub.1-2 -alkoxyphenyl which is optionally interrupted by up to 20 ethylene oxide groups and .paren open-st.CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O.paren close-st..sub.r CH.sub.3 in which r ranges from 1-20, X is NH.sub.2 or OH, n ranges from 2 to 50 and m ranges from 0 to 50, wherein R.sub.1 is hydroxyphenyl optionally interrupted by up to 20 ethylene oxide groups only when X is NH.sub.2, are polymerizable to form hyperbranched polymers which have a number average molecular weight ranging from 5,000 to 150,000, a weight average molecular weight ranging from 5,500 to 5,000,000 and a polydispersity ranging from 1.

Abstract: A processes and intermediates useful for the manufacture of the Wittig ester salts are disclosed. The Wittig ester salts are known as important C.sub.5 building blocks for the manufacture of various polyenecarboxylic acid esters in the field of carotenoid chemistry.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I): Ar.sub.1 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 --NH--CH.sub.2 --X--CH.sub.2 --E--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Y--Ar.sub.2, in which the substituents and symbols have the meanings given in the description, are novel active compounds having, in particular, a broncholytic action.

Abstract: Novel compounds of Formula 1 ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of Formula 1. Methods of treating allergy, inflammation and hyperproliferative skin diseases with compounds of Formula 1 are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel 1-alkyl-, 1-alkenyl-, and 1-alkynylaryl-2-amino-1,3-propanediols, intermediates and processes for the preparation thereof, and methods of reducing inflammation and cell proliferation, and relieving memory dysfunction, and inhibiting bacterial and fungal growth fire disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing an arylacetic acid or arylpropionic acid divative from an arylcarbinol which comprises the step of subjecting said arylcarbinol to suitable carbonylation conditions for a sufficient period of time and under suitable pressure and temperature to form said acid derivative, with the proviso that said carbonylation conditions include conducting the reaction in a two-phase system wherein one phase is an aqueous medium which contains (1) a catalyst which is a water-soluble metal complex consisting essentially of a Group VIII metal and a hydrophilic ligand such as palladium complexed with trisulfonated triphenylphosphine, and (2) optionally an acid, and wherein the second phase comprises said arylcarbinol.

Abstract: A process and intermediates for the enantioselective synthesis of 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid are disclosed.

Abstract: Mannich condensation products prepared by the condensation of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl; R.sub.7 is alkyl; u is an integer from 1 to 10; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 10;with an aldehyde and a nitrogen base selected from ammonia, lower alkylamine, a polyamine and mixtures thereof.The Mannich condensation products and their fuel soluble salts are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A new process for preparing aryl substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids and their esters is provided. A 1-aryl substituted olefinic compound is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of water (in aqueous conditions) or an alcohol (in anhydrous conditions) at a temperature between about 25.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An excess of several moles of water or of anhydrous alcohol is preferred. An acid such as hydrochloric acid may also be added. As catalyst, a mixture of a palladium compound and optionally a copper compound with a ligand mixture comprising a compound of the formula (R').sub.3 ZY and a compound of the formula (R").sub.3 Z where each R' and R" are the same or different and is alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, and Z is any atom that has a Pauling electronegativity of between 1.9 and 2.5 and Y is a member of Group VIA of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Abstract: Provided are enzymatic methods for the selective hydrolytic resolution of certain enantiomers of a pharmaceutical compound, the pharmaceutical compound comprising a (.+-.) mixture of a .alpha.-substituted 2-methyl proprionic acid derivative. Specifically provided is the selective enzymatic resolution of either the R(+) or S(-) enantiomer of (.+-.)-ethyl ciprofibrate. Also provided are substantially pure enantiomers of R(+) and S(-) ciprofibrate.

Abstract: Allylaminoesters of the formula (I): ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 is H or low-molecular-weight alkyl,R.sub.2 is low-molecular-weight alkyl, cycloalkyl, or low-molecular-weight phenylcycloalkyl, pyridyl or phenyl, low-molecular-weight phenylalkyl, low-molecular-weight diphenylalkyl, low-molecular-weight phenylalkenyl, in which the phenyl cycle may be mono-, di- or trisubstituted by chlorine atoms, low-molecular-weight alkyl radicals, low-molecular-weight alkoxy, or trifluoromethyl, acetamide or acetyloxy radicals, their racemic forms, their (S) enantiomers and their addition salts. Also, antiallergic drugs containing the same.

Abstract: Fuel compositions containing a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and an effective deposit-controlling amount of a poly(oxyalkylene) aromatic ether having the formula: ##STR1## where A.sub.1 is nitro, amino, N-alkylamino wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or N,N-dialkylamino wherein each alkyl group independently contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and each R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is independently selected in each --O--CHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 -- unit; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 100 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 100 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.

Abstract: The present process is directed to preparing optically active 2-aryl alkyl aldehydes by various processes through the use of an optically active amine, (-)-2'-amino-3-phenyl propane. The aldehyde formed can then be oxidized to produce the corresponding acid.

Abstract: In the enzymatic stereoselective ester cleavages of 2-arylpropionate, the reaction rate of the hydrolyzing enzymes can be drastically increased if the vinyl ester of the 2-arylpropionate is employed as the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphono- and phosphinocarboxylic acids containing hydroxyl and/or mercapto groups, their use as waterproofing and/or oil-repellency agents, and a method for their preparation.

Abstract: There are described new 1-alkoxyhexatriene-2-carboxylates of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R represents substituted phenyl,and a plurality of processes for their preparation.The new 1-alkoxyhexytriene-2-carboxylates are used as pesticides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphonocarboxylic acids containing acrylate and/or methacrylate groups, their use as waterproofing or oil-repellency agents, and a method for their preparation.

Abstract: A propargyl ester compound of the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; Z is C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 alkylene which may be substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; and m is an integer of from 1 to 5; with the proviso that when m is an integer of 2 or more, the substituents represented by R.sup.1 may be the same or different; is incorporated into an acaricidal composition as an active ingredient, which can be used for controlling acarines.

Abstract: A new process for preparing aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids is provided. Aryl-substituted aliphatic ether or thioether compound is reacted with carbon monoxide in aqueous conditions at a temperature between about 25.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An acid such as hydrochloric acid may be added. As catalyst, a mixture of palladium or a palladium compound and a copper compound with at least one acid-stable ligand are present.

Abstract: Disclosed are herein optically active aromatic compounds represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X represents --COO-- or --OCO--; Y represents --COO--, --OCO-- or --O--; R.sub.2 represents an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen atom; R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms;Z represents ##STR2## wherein p represents a number of 1 to 5 and * indicates an asymmetric carbon atom; l and k each represents a number of 1 or 2; m and s each represents a number of 0 or 1, which are useful as a liquid crystal.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of carboxylic acids and derivatives of them of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R means hydrogen, or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a (C.sub.1-5 alkoxy)carbonyl group,R.sub.1 is as defined in claim 1,R.sub.7 stands for hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7 alkyl group andR.sub.8 means hydrogen or a carboxyl group,by reacting a 1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione derivative of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.9 stands for a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a phenyl group, optionally monosubstituted by halogen andR.sub.10 stands for hydrogen or a C.sub.1-5 alkyl group orR.sub.9 and R.sub.10 together form a pentamethylene group,and an aldehyde or ketone of the general formula ##STR3## in the presence of formic acid.

Abstract: A ruthenium-phosphite complex having the formula ##STR1## wherein a is from 1 to 3; b is 1 or 2; c is from 0 to 3; and R is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, halo, amino, acetylamino, or sulfo; and X is ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl.This complex can be used to effect the reduction of unsaturated organic compounds or, when comprised of ligands having optical activity, can be used as the catalyst for effecting the asymmetric reduction of unsaturated organic compounds.

Abstract: An improved process for the carbonylation of aryl halides comprises contacting the aryl halide with carbon monoxide under carbonylation conditions in the presence of a co-reactant, a base, and a catalyst system formed from a source of palladium and a bidentate phosphine ligand wherein at least one monovalent phosphorus substituent is aromatic and is substituted on at least one aromatic ring carbon atom with an electron-withdrawing group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorinated carboxylic acid esters of phosphonocarboxylic acids or phosphinocarboxylic acids, and the use thereof as surface-active agents.

Abstract: Cyclodextrin derivatives and inclusion complexes having increased solubility and stability are provided. Cyclodextrin derivatives include amino and other modified cyclodextrins, and linked cyclodextrins. Inclusion complexes comprising the foregoing cyclodextrins, and processes for making the cyclodextrin derivatives are disclosed. Also disclosed are cyclodextrin derivatives comprising otherwise substituted or unsubstituted cyclodextrins covalently bonded to agents such as pharmaceuticals. The covalent bond, when broken, yields the agent in active form. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating an animal host are also described, as well as chromatographic compositions and a method for separating racemic mixtures.

Abstract: A new process for preparing aryl substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid esters is provided. A 1-aryl substituted aliphatic halo compound is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of an alcohol in anhydrous conditions at a temperature between about 25.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An excess of several moles of anhydrous alcohol is preferred. An acid such as hydrochloric acid may also be added. As catalyst, a mixture of palladium or a palladium compound and a copper compound with at least one acid-stable ligand are present.

Abstract: A new process for preparing aliphatic carboxylic acid esters is provided. A substituted aliphatic ether or thioether compound is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of an alcohol in anhydrous conditions at a temperature between about 25.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An excess of several moles of anhydrous alcohol is preferred. An acid such as hydrochloric acid may also be added. As catalyst, a mixture of palladium or a palladium compound and a copper compound with at least one acid-stable ligand are present.

Abstract: A catalytic process for preparing aryl substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid esters is disclosed. A 1-aryl substituted olefinic compound is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of an alcohol in anhydrous conditions at a temperature between about 25.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An excess of several moles of anhydrous alcohol is preferred. An acid such as hydrochloric acid may also be added. As catalyst, a mixture of a palladium compound and a copper compound is used with at least one acid-stable cyclic phosphine having the formula: ##STR1## where R' is the same or different than R" and is alkyl or aryl, said aryl, either substituted or unsubstituted, and Ar' is phenyl, naphthyl, substituted phenyl or substituted naphthyl and n is an integer from 3 to 6.

Abstract: A new process for preparing aryl substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid esters is provided. A 1-aryl substituted olefinic compound is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of an alcohol in anhydrous conditions at a temperature between about 25.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An excess of several moles of anhydrous alcohol is preferred. An acid such as hydrochloric acid may also be added. As catalyst, a mixture of a palladium compound and a copper compound with at least one acid-stable ligand are present.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkyl esters of ibuprofen is provided. A 1-halo-1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethane is reacted in an anhydrous medium with carbon monoxide in the presence of an alkoxide source at a temperature between about 10.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An excess of several moles of alcohol is preferred. An acid such as hydrogen chloride may also be added. As catalyst, a palladium compound having at least one acid-stable ligand is present; however, an excess of ligand over palladium is advantageous.

Abstract: A new process for preparing alkyl esters of ibuprofen is provided. A 1-halo-1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethane is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of an anhydrous alcohol at a temperature between about 10.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An excess of several moles of alcohol is preferred. An acid such as trifluoroacetic acid is also added. As catalyst, a palladium compound and at least one acid-stable ligand over palladium are present; however, an excess of ligand over palladium is advantageous.

Abstract: Process for obtaining an arylacetic acid of general formula (I):Ar--CHR--COOH (I)in which R=H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alk, Ar=2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-(2-methoxy naphthyl), 3,4-methylenedioxy phenyl or phenyl of general formula (II): ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 =H, OH or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, R.sub.2 =H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alk, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or OH, as well as their alkali metal salts, by reaction in a solvent of the corresponding arylglycolic acid of general formula (III):Ar-CR(OH)--COOH (III)or one of its alkali metal salts with a hydrogen donor agent chosen from the group constituted by: formic acid, or one of its alkali metal salts, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, or one of their alkali metal salts, in the presence of a hydrogen transfer catalyst, which if desired is isolated or salified, and use for the preparation of certain acids of formula (I).

Abstract: A process is disclosed that is useful for separating the enantiomers of a racemic mixture of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently different and are hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, phenylalkyl, substituted phenylalkyl, heteroalkylalkyl, substituted heteroalkylalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl.

Abstract: Poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ethers having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where n is an integer from 5 to 100; x is an integer from 0 to 10; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein y is 1, 2 or 3; R.sub.6 is a divalent hydrocarbyl radical, when y is 1, a trivalent hydrocarbyl radical, when y is 2, or tetravalent hydrocarbyl radical, when y is 3, said hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to about 20 carbon atoms; and each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## where each R.sub.7 is independently alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Antihypercholesterolemic activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: X is hydrogen, alkali metal or ammonium;Y is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; ##STR2## R is hydrogen, alkyl, ammonium, alkylammonium, or alkali metal (such as Na, Li, or K); andn is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A method for racemizing an optically active aliphatic carboxylic acid, or ester thereof, of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched haloalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryloxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylthio, C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylcarbonyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, trifluoromethyl, halo, C.sub.4 to C.sub.5 heteroaryl, C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 aryl, or biphenyl unsubstituted or substituted with methyl or halo, comprising heating said optically active carboxylic acid, ester or salt thereof at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for racemizing an optically active carboxylic acid, or ester thereof, of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, amino or substituted amino or the group ##STR2## is nitrile; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched haloalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryloxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylthio, C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylcarbonyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, trifluoromethyl, halo, C.sub.4 to C.sub.5 heteroaryl, C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 aryl, or biphenyl unsubstituted or substituted with methyl or halo, comprising heating said optically active carboxylic acid or ester thereof in the presence of water at a temperature of from about 40.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a substantially pure enantiomer of an aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is described. The process utilizes first an enantiomerically enriched mixture the of aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid obtained from kinetic resolution, diastereomeric crystallization or asymmetric synthesis processes. This enriched mixture is reacted with a base producing a salt that has the following properties:1) has at least one eutectic point;2) a composition that is not at the eutectic point; and3) a eutectic composition that is closer to the racemic composition than is the eutectic composition of said aryl-substituted carboxylic acid.Substantially pure, enantiomeric salt is separated, leaving a mother liquor comprising the solvent and aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid enriched in the other enantiomer.

Abstract: A new process for preparing alkyl esters of ibuprofen is provided. A 1-halo-1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethane is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of an anhydrous alcohol at a temperature between about 10.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An excess of several moles of alcohol is preferred. An acid such as trifluoroacetic acid is also added. As catalyst, a mixture of a copper compound and a palladium or a palladium compound and at least one acid-stable ligand are present.

Abstract: Disclosed are reactive anionic initiators of the general formula [ArCHR.sub.1 R.sub.2 N(R.sub.3 R.sub.4 R.sub.5 R.sub.6 ] wherein Ar=phenyl, substituted phenyl, or a heterocyclic compound, R.sub.1 =R.sub.2 =H, ester, cyano, alkyl, aryl, 1,3-oxazoline, N,N-dimethyl amide and other similar alpha activating groups, or combination of them, or one of R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 together with Ar, where Ar is a phenyl or substituted phenyl, is a nitrogen atom containing heterocyclic compound and the other being a nitrile group, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 may be same or different and represent substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl or aryl or to of the R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 together with nitrogen atom form a heterocycle with the condition that the sum of all carbon atoms of all R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is from 12 to 50 and no more than one of the R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is an aryl derivative.

Abstract: Osmium-catalyzed methods of addition to an olefin are discussed. In the method of asymmetric dihydroxylation of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, an aqueous solution, a base, a ferricyanide salt and an osmium-containing compound are combined. The chiral ligand is an alkaloid or alkaloid derivative linked to an organic substituent of at least 300 daltons molecular weight through a planar aromatic spacer group. The organic substituent can be another alkaloid or alkaloid derivative. With the described chiral ligands, asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins with high yields and enantiomeric excesses are achieved.

Abstract: A method for preparing .alpha.-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid or its precursor is here disclosed which comprises a step (I) of dehydrogenating p-isobutylethylbenzene in a gaseous phase in the presence of a dehydrogenating metal catalyst to form p-isobutylstyrene and at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon compound selected from a group A defined in Claim 1; a step (II) of reacting p-isobutylstyrene obtained in the step (I) with carbon monoxide and hydrogen or with carbon monoxide and water or a lower alcohol in the presence of a transition metal complex carbonylating catalyst to form .alpha.-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid or its precursor; and a step (III) of hydrogenating at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon compound selected from the group A obtained in the dehydrogenation step (I) to form p-isobutylethylbenzene, and recycling the thus formed p-isobutylethylbenzene through the step (I) as the raw material of the step (I).

Abstract: A process for obtaining a substantially pure enantiomer of an aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is described. The process combines an aryl substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid, a base and water in an inert solvent to make a hydrated salt of the said acid. The process leads to enhanced yield of an enantiomerically enriched hydrated salt of the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a substantially pure enantiomer of an aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is described. In this process, the aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid is reacted with an inorganic base in the presence of an organic base to substantially enrich the precipitate in one of the enantiomers and an improved yield. Substantially pure, enantiomeric salt is separated, leaving a mother liquor comprising the solvent and aryl-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acid enriched in the other enantiomer.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the enantioselective hydrogenation of olefins of the formula: ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, Z is ##STR2## where R' is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, --CN, C(NH)OR" where R" is C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, or --C(O)NH.sub.2 ; and Ar is phenyl or naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted with benzoyl or substituted benzoyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, halo, or carboxylic acid or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl ester thereof, which comprises contacting said aromatic-substituted olefin with a catalytically effective amount of a ruthenium phosphite complex.

Abstract: A new process for preparing aryl substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids or then alkyl esters is provided. A 1-aryl substituted olefin is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of water or an alcohol at a temperature between about 25.degree. C. and about 200.degree. C. An excess of several moles of water or alcohol is preferred. An acid such as hydrochloric acid may also be added. As catalyst, a mixture of a palladium compound and a copper compound with at least one acid-stable ligand are present.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diacetylene compound comprising, as structural units, (a) at least one member selected from diacetylene group-containing organic groups of the formulae (I) and (II):R.sup.I --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.II -- (I)and--R.sup.III --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.IV -- (II)wherein R.sup.I is hydrogen or a (C1-16) monovalent organic group, and R.sup.II, R.sup.III and R.sup.IV are a (C1-13) divalent organic group,(b) at least one organic group having at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and (c) at least one connecting group connecting the units (a) and (b) , which connecting group is selected from amide, imide, ester, ether, amino, imino, urethane, sulfonyl and carbonyl bonds. A cured shaped article made of this compound exhibits isotropically a high elastic modulus and has excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to the compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein the C(.dbd.NH)--NHR group may be in tautomeric or isomeric form, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in which:R is hydrogen or an acyl radical which is derived from an organic carbonic acid, an organic carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, or a carbamic acid;R.sub.1 is a substituent selected from an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, an araliphatic hydrocarbon radical and a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical;X.sub.1 and X.sub.3, independently of one another, are oxygen (--O--) or sulphur (--S--); andX.sub.

Abstract: An improved process for the separation of enantiomers of a mixture of certain aliphatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof is disclosed. The process involves adding an inert liquid to the reaction solution formed by: (i) forming a salt solution comprising said racemic mixture of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid and an organic or inorganic base; (ii) treating said salt solution with less that equimolar equivalents of a chiral organic nitrogenous base; (iii) precipitating from the reaction solution formed in step (ii) the less soluble diastereomeric salt; (iv) addition of a countersolvent to the slurry formed in step (iii); (v) extracting the more soluble diastereomeric salt or the salt of carboxylic acid and the base added in step (i) into the countersolvent. The inert liquid and the countersolvent must be of sufficiently different density.