Abstract: The invention relates to ruthenium alkylidene complexes having an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand comprising a 5-membered heterocyclic ring having a carbenic carbon atom and at least one nitrogen atom contained within the 5-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the nitrogen atom is directly attached to the carbenic carbon atom and is substituted by a phenyl ring, and wherein the phenyl ring has a hydrogen at either or both ortho positions and is substituted at at least one ortho or meta position. The invention also relates to an olefin metathesis reactions and particularly to the preparation of tetra-substituted cyclic olefins via a ring-closing metathesis.

Abstract: Archiral (2-hydroxy-3-oxo-cyclopent-1-enyl) acetic acid) alkyl, alkylphenyl and phenyl esters, and a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of both enantiomers of homocitric acid gamma-lactone and the corresponding salts from these esters are described. The method is based on asymmetric oxidation of esters, and the steps of basic and acidic hydrolysis and final acidic lactonization of the homocitric acid into homocitric acid gamma-lactone. The homocitric acid salts are obtained after basic treatment of homocitric acid gamma-lactone. The esters, conditions and reagents used in chemical conversion and separating products are important constituents affording efficient and simple method for production of homocitric acid gamma-lactone and homocitric acid salts.

Abstract: A new class of neuramidase inhibitor prodrugs is provided characterized by a prodrug moiety of a carboxyl group modified to form a carbonyl ethoxy amino acid, a carbonyl ethoxy dipeptide or a carbonyl ethoxy tripeptide, a guanidine group modified to form a carbonyl ethoxy amino acid, a carbonyl ethoxy dipeptide, a carbonyl ethoxy tripeptide; a primary alcohol modified to form an esterified single amino acid, dipeptide or tripeptide of zanavimir of the unaltered therapeutic agent. Exemplary therapeutic agents so modified to form prodrugs include zanavimir, oseltamivir and peramivir. The prodrug has increased oral bioavailability relative to the unaltered neuraminidase inhibitor and is effective in the inhibition of viral infections involving neuraminidase in the viral reproductive cycle.

Abstract: Provided herein are ruthenium complexes of Formula (I), and processes of preparation thereof. Also provided are methods of their use as a metathesis catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of controlling the sexuality of a plant comprising treating the plant with a composition comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of jasmonic acid, a jasmonic acid derivative, and a salt thereof.

Abstract: Polymer supported metal complex catalysts and methods of their preparation and use are described. The polymer supported metal complex catalysts can be obtained via ligand exchange reactions between polymer ligands and a metal complex having catalytic activity. For example, a polymer supported rhodium (II) complex catalyst can be prepared via ligand exchange reaction between an insoluble polymer and a rhodium (II) carboxylate complex, wherein the insoluble polymer is prepared by a copolymerization reaction of (i) a styrene derivative with a substituted carboxylic acid, (ii) a styrene, and (iii) a linear alkane with both ends substituted by vinylbenzyloxy groups. The polymer supported catalysts can be used to catalyze asymmetric carbene reactions such as C—H insertion reactions and the like with high catalytic activity, chemical selectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound that has an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds and also has at least one of characteristics such as a high stability to heat, light or the like, a suitable refractive index anisotropy (?n), a low threshold voltage and a suitable dielectric anisotropy (??). A compound represented by formula (1). For example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, R2 is halogen or alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons; the ring A1, the ring A2 and the ring A3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond or alkylene having 1 to 4 carbons; G is —CH2— or —O—; and m is 1, and n and p is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A prostaglandin analog with selectivity to EP receptors and demonstrating EP agonist activity that may be used to expand hematopoietic stem cell populations or to treat or prevent influenza, bone fracture, bone disease, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, dysmenorrhoea, pre-term labor, immune disorders, osteoporosis, asthma, allergy, male sexual dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, periodontal disease, gastric ulcer, renal disease, or other EP receptor-mediated conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the cinchonidine salt useful in the preparation of intermediates for preparing a macrocyclic HCV inhibitor, as well as processes involving this salt.

Abstract: Tetraesters of a C4-C5 aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid and OXO-alcohols and plasticized compositions containing said tetraesters are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel processes for the preparation of a cyclopentanone of Formula II and a lactone of Formula I, which are useful in the production of prostaglandins: wherein Z, R2, R3, X1, X2, and ?are as defined in the specification. The invention also provides novel enantiomerically enriched compounds.

Abstract: A compound having the structure wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of —C(O)OR2, —C(O)NHR8, —C(CH2)1-2OR3, OH, and or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of using the compounds for treating hypertension.

Abstract: A crystal of carboxyl acid and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of amine and ammonia are mixed in an absence of a liquid medium. The carboxyl acid is conjugated diene such as (Z,Z)-muconic acid, the conjugated diene including a carboxyl group. The at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of amine and ammonia is primary amine represented by RCH2NH2, where R is an aryl group, or is a normal alkyl group that contains five or more carbon atoms. Moreover, such amine that is a bivalent group and that is represented by —Ar—N?N—Ar?—, where Ar and Ar? are independently aromatic hydrocarbon bivalent groups, is intercalated in a layered crystal of a polymer such as polymuconic acid, the layered crystal including a carboxyl group. In this way, a novel photoresponsive polymer is obtained.

Abstract: A new class of neuramidase inhibitor prodrugs is provided characterized by a prodrug moiety of a carboxyl group modified to form a carbonyl ethoxy amino acid, a carbonyl ethoxy dipeptide or a carbonyl ethoxy tripeptide, a guanidine group modified to form a carbonyl ethoxy amino acid, a carbonyl ethoxy dipeptide, a carbonyl ethoxy tripeptide; a primary alcohol modified to form an esterified single amino acid, dipeptide or tripeptide of zanavimir of the unaltered therapeutic agent. Exemplary therapeutic agents so modified to form prodrugs include zanavimir, oseltamivir and peramivir. The prodrug has increased oral bioavailability relative to the unaltered neuraminidase inhibitor and is effective in the inhibition of viral infections involving neuraminidase in the viral reproductive cycle.

Abstract: The method for making a phosphorus ylide produces the ylide 2,3-bismethoxycarbonyl-4-phenyl-5-arylhydrazono-cyclopenta-1,3-dienyl-triphenylphosphonium in pure form by simple recrystallization of the reaction product. 3-Oxo-3-phenyl-2-(arylhydrozono)propanal and dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate are mixed in dichloromethane at room temperature. After cyclization of the intermediate (preferably at least two hours), triphenylphosphine is added to the mixture, ultimately resulting in formation of 2,3-bismethoxycarbonyl-4-phenyl-5-arylhydrazono-cyclopenta-1,3-dienyl-triphenylphosphonium. The product is recrystallized to produce 2,3-bismethoxycarbonyl-4-phenyl-5-arylhydrazono-cyclopenta-1,3-dienyl-triphenylphosphonium in pure form and in high yield. The aryl group may be any aromatic or aliphatic group.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis, more particularly, to tri- or tetra-substituted imidazolinium salts which are precursors to N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with tri- or tetra-substituted imidazolinium rings, organometallic ruthenium complexes comprising gem di-substituted imidazolinium NHC ligands, organometallic ruthenium complexes comprising tri- or tetra-substituted imidazolinium NHC ligands, and to olefin metathesis methods using them. The catalysts and methods of the invention have utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, and industrial chemistry.

Abstract: The invention relates to 17? lupane derivatives of formula (I): wherein R1 and X are as defined herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof. These compounds exhibit significant anti-HIV activity. Thus, the invention also relates to methods for prevention or treatment of HIV infection by administering therapeutically effective amounts of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof to a subject in need of such treatment.

Abstract: Production of a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivative, useful as a metabotropic glutamate receptor modulator, becomes possible by a production method that includes converting a compound represented by Formula (II) into a compound represented by Formula (III) by reaction with an acyl group donor in the presence of a microorganism-derived enzyme, without using an expensive optically active trans hydroxy ester as a starting material and without employing a fluorination reaction requiring an ultralow temperature reaction. Furthermore, since asymmetric synthesis can be carried out in a stage closer to the final product, the production method is useful as a production method that can mass produce a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivative.

Abstract: A substituted cyclopentanone represented by the following formula (2): (wherein R3 and R4 represent a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, may be the same as R1 and R2, respectively, and may be the same as each other) can be produced by hydrogenating the double bond in a compound represented by the following formula (1): (wherein R1 and R2 represent a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms) in the presence of a transition metal catalyst by using a carboxylic acid or a specific concentration of a carboxylic acid ester as a solvent. This process can produce a substituted cyclopentanone which is useful as a jasmine fragrance, an intermediate thereof or the like, in a simple and inexpensive manner at a high cis-isomer ratio.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing ruthenium carbene complexes and novel aryl alkylidene ruthenium complexes based on the method, the complexes able to used as catalysts in metathesis reactions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to [1] a process for producing a 2-alkyl-2-cycloalken-1-one represented by the following general formula (2), which includes the step of subjecting a 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)cycloalkan-1-one to dehydration and isomerization in the co-existence of an acid and a platinum group metal catalyst, and [2] a process for producing an alkyl(3-oxo-alkylcycloalkyl)acetate which is useful as a perfume material, using the 2-alkyl-2-cycloalken-1-one: wherein n is an integer of 1 or 2; and R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms with the proviso that R1 and R2 may form a ring through a carbon atom adjacent thereto.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that certain polyester compounds bearing are useful as b-stageable and/or liquid adhesives for the microelectronic packaging industry.

Abstract: The invention relates, in particular, to supported transition metal complexes based on a polystyrene matrix comprising structural units of the formula (Ia): or supported transition metal complexes based on a silica gel matrix comprising structural units of the formula (II): where the radicals and indices have the meanings given in the description. The invention also relates to the use of the supported transition metal complexes in catalysis and corresponding processes for the transition metal-catalyzed conversion of starting material(s) into product(s). In particular, the invention relates to the field of olefin metathesis.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that a certain polyester compounds are useful as b-stageable adhesives for the microelectonic packaging industry. The polyester compounds described herein contain ring-opening or ring-forming polymerizable moieties and therefore exhibit little to no shrinkage upon cure. In addition, there are provided well-defined b-stageable adhesives useful in stacked die assemblies. In particular, there are provided assemblies wherein the b-stageable adhesive encapsulates a portion of the wiring members contained within the bondline gap between the stacked die.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery that certain polyester compounds bearing free-radical curable moieties are useful as b-stageable adhesives for the microelectronic packaging industry.

Abstract: Disclosed are acetals of nepetalic acid. They may be prepared by reaction of an alcohol with nepetalic acid, and are useful as repellents for insects and arthropods, in addition to other uses.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides compositions including carbon-based nanostructures, catalyst materials and systems, and related methods. In some cases, the present invention relates to carbon-based nanostructures comprising a high density of charged moieties. Methods of the invention may provide the ability to introduce a wide range of charged moieties to carbon-based nanostructures. The present invention may provide a facile and modular approach to synthesizing molecules that may be useful in various applications including sensors, catalysts, and electrodes.

Abstract: A crystal of carboxyl acid and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of amine and ammonia are mixed in an absence of a liquid medium. The carboxyl acid is conjugated diene such as (Z,Z)-muconic acid, the conjugated diene including a carboxyl group. The at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of amine and ammonia is primary amine represented by RCH2NH2, where R is an aryl group, or is a normal alkyl group that contains five or more carbon atoms. Moreover, such amine that is a bivalent group and that is represented by —Ar—N?N—Ar?—, where Ar and Ar? are independently aromatic hydrocarbon bivalent groups, is intercalated in a layered crystal of a polymer such as polymuconic acid, the layered crystal including a carboxyl group. In this way, a novel photoresponsive polymer is obtained.

Abstract: A method for or treating xerosis by applying a prostaglandin D receptor selective agonist to a mammal.

Abstract: Compounds comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, are disclosed, wherein J1, J2, U1, B, Y, and A are as described. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to olefin metathesis catalysts general formula (I): having a thiazol-2-ylidene ligand of general formula (II): The catalysts have been found to be particularly good initiators of (a) ring-closing metathesis reactions used to prepare tetra-substituted cyclic olefins, and (b) cross-metathesis reactions used to prepare tri-substituted and di-substituted olefins.

Abstract: A method of treating atopy-evoked pruritic symptoms by administering a prostaglandin derivative.

Abstract: Provided are topical formulations comprising an Amyris alcohol and/or ester derivatives of Amyris alcohol which may be used for the treatment of diseases including herpes virus infection (e.g., HSV-1, HSV-2), epidermoid carcinoma, cold sores, and human papillomavirus. Amyris alcohols contemplated for use with the present invention include valerianol, beta-eudesmol, epi-gamma-eudesmol, elemol, alpha-eudesmol, and ester derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Compounds comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, are disclosed, wherein Y, A, and B are as described. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: Sulfur chelated ruthenium compounds represented by the following formula: wherein M indicates the ruthenium metal bound to a benzylidene carbon; R represents C1-C7 alkyl group or optionally substituted aryl; X1 and X2 each independently represent halogen; Y1 and Y2 each independently denote unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted phenyl; and Z independently represents hydrogen, electron withdrawing or electron donating substituent, with m being an integer from 1 to 4, and processes and compositions related thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds which are useful as safe substitutes for the organotin reagent used in coupling reaction for the oxymethylation of aromatic rings, such as alkoxymethylation or hydroxymethylation, with a palladium catalyst and which can dispense with chromatographic purification with silica gel in the production and are suitable for mass production; and compounds applicable even to the oxymethylation of aromatic ring substrates which do not permit coupling reaction by conventional technique or have low reactivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of phenoxyalkyl esters of C6-C12 alkyl- and cycloalkyl-carboxylic acids for the preparation of a cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical formulation.

Abstract: Indanyl- and Tetrahydronaphtyl-amino-thiourea compounds for combating animal pests The present invention relates to Indanyl- and Tetrahydronaphtyl-amino-thiourea compounds of formula I wherein the variables R1 to R4 are as in the description. The invention relates also to methods of combating or controlling insects, arachnids or nematodes, to methods for protecting growing plants from attack or infestation by insects, arachnids or nematodes, to methods for the protection of seeds from soil insects and of the seedlings' roots and shoots from soil and foliar insects and to methods for treating, controlling, preventing or protecting animals against infestation or infection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthesis procedures and intermediates of a compound of formula: and the salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of organic synthesis and more particularly to a new process for the preparation of an acetal derivative of an alkyl 3-oxo-2-(2-oxoethyl)-1-cyclopentaneacetate. The invention also relates to a method to use said acetal derivative to prepare intermediates useful for the preparation of perfuming ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel processes for the preparation of a cyclopentanone of Formula II and a lactone of Formula I, which are useful in the production of prostaglandins: wherein Z, R2, R3, X1, X2, and are as defined in the specification. The invention also provides novel enantiomerically enriched compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer-supported rhodium (II) catalyst and its application, which includes addition reaction to carbon-carbon multiple bond in ?-diazocarbonyl compounds, insertion reaction to C—H and X—H (X?N, O, S, Se, Si and the like) bonds, or rearrangement and additional cyclization reaction thereof A novel insoluble polymer-supported rhodium (II) complex was prepared through a ligand exchange reaction between an insoluble polymer and a rhodium (II) carboxylato complex, wherein the insoluble polymer was prepared by a copolymerization reaction of (i) a styrene derivative with substituted carboxylic acid, (ii) a stylene, and (iii) a linear alkane with both ends substituted by vinylbenzyloxy groups, Namely, a polymer-supported metal complex catalyst having the following chemical formula 1: wherein M1 and M2 are rhodium, and the like; and X is an oxygen atom, etc; and R4 is an alkyl group, and the like; and k is 1 to 15%, m is 1 to 5% relative to k+l+m, and l is the remainder; and n

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention provides polyisobutylene (PIB) oligomers that are end-functionalized with ruthenium (Ru) catalysts. Such nonpolar catalysts can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents such as heptane, or any other nonpolar solvent that is otherwise not latently biphasic (i.e., if two or more solvent components are present, they remain miscible with each other throughout the entire reaction process, from the addition of substrate through to the removal of product). Substrate that is dissolved in the nonpolar solvent with the catalyst is converted into product. The lower solubility of the product in the nonpolar solvent renders it easily removable, either by extraction with a more polar solvent or by applying physical means in cases where the product precipitates from the nonpolar solvent. In this manner the catalysts are recycled; since the catalysts remain in the nonpolar solvent, a new reaction can be initiated simply by dissolving fresh substrate into the nonpolar solvent.

Abstract: To provide a novel process for producing an optically active allyl compound which is useful as an intermediate raw material for e.g. pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: Sulfur chelated ruthenium compounds and methods and compositions involving the same. A method may relate to subjecting an olefin to a metathesis reaction in the presence of a sulfur chelated ruthenium compound. A composition may relate to an olefin starting material dissolved in an organic solvent together with a sulfur chelated ruthenium compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are acetals of nepetalic acid. They may be prepared by reaction of an alcohol with nepetalic acid, and are useful as repellents for insects and arthropods, in addition to other uses.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel processes for the preparation of a cyclopentanone of Formula II and a lactone of Formula I, which are useful in the production of prostaglandins: wherein Z, R2, R3, X1, X2, and are as defined in the specification. The invention also provides novel enantiomerically enriched compounds.

Abstract: In the formation of a fine pattern using a photolithography process, a dissolution promoter which can increase the difference of solubility between exposed region and unexposed region, and a photoresist composition including the same are disclosed. The dissolution promoter has the structure of the following formula (wherein, R is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 40 carbon atoms, A is an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, p is 0 or 1, and q is an integer of 1 to 20). Moreover, the photoresist composition comprises 3 to 30 wt % (weight %) of the photosensitive compound; 1 to 30 weight parts of a dissolution promoter represented by the formula, with respect to 100 weight parts of the photosensitive compound; 0.05 to weight parts of a photo-acid generator with respect to 100 weight parts of the photosensitive compound; and a remaining organic solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the synthesis and purification of prostaglandins and analogues thereof, especially analogues of PGF2?.

Abstract: A substituted cyclopentanone represented by the following formula (2): (wherein R3 and R4 represent a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, may be the same as R1 and R2, respectively, and may be the same as each other) can be produced by hydrogenating the double bond in a compound represented by the following formula (1): (wherein R1 and R2 represent a substituent having 1 to 8 carbon atoms) in the presence of a transition metal catalyst by using a carboxylic acid or a specific concentration of a carboxylic acid ester as a solvent. This process can produce a substituted cyclopentanone which is useful as a jasmine fragrance, an intermediate thereof or the like, in a simple and inexpensive manner at a high cis-isomer ratio.